To

A. M. MACKINTOSH,

Author of " The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan,"
whose extensive knowledge of the history of his
kindred has been at all times most kindly placed
at my disposal, this volume is dedicated.

DUNCAN FORBES, FIFTH OF CULLODEN, LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COURT

OF SESSION, 1737-1747.

The portrait here given is reproduced from a picture of greater merit than that which was used
for Vol; III., and is presumably a more accurate likeness.

MORE

CULLODEN PAPERS

EDITED BY

DUNCAN WARRAND, AV.A.. F.S.A.

VOL. IV. FEBRUARY 1744 TO FEBRUARY 1746

499481

INVERNESS:
ROBERT CARRUTHERS 6 SONS.

1929,

v,4

PREFACE.

Although it was originally intended that the collections dealing with
the Forty-five should be issued in one volume, it was found impossible to
accomplish this without serious abridgement. In connection with events,
the results of which so completely changed the Highlands, it was con-
sidered better to give too much than too little, especially as reputations
have sometimes suffered needlessly from an extract, where a whole letter
might have furnished palliation or excuse.

This volume breaks off in February 1746, when the Field of Gulloden
was in sight; and the echoes of that battle reverberate to our own day.
The Forty-five can still arouse enthusiasm, even passion, when events of
far greater consequence are relegated to the dull pages of history; and
history is apt to be dull where the reader fails to find complete sympathy
with his or her own particular view. If this volume should be found
tedious, it is because every effort has been made to be fair to either side,
and the editor has been sometimes led out of the path of ordinary com-
mentary in trying to disentangle truth from falsehood, as in the case of
MacLeod of MacLeod, in whose alleged perfidy he once fully believed.

Considerably more material has been added to what has already ap-
peared in the columns of the "Inverness Courier," to the proprietors of
which the Editor is much indebted for presenting the documents in a
larger type with, consequently, a more pleasing book-page. Sources
other than the collections have had to be consulted where gaps were
manifest, and this will be more apparent in Volume V.

The Editor's warmest thanks are due once more to many kind helpers,
more particularly to Professor R. S. Rait, C.B.E., and Mr Evan Barron,
whose wide historical knowledge has always been most generously given;
to Mr A. M. Mackintosh, author of "The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan,"
not only for assistance in genealogy, but for placing at the Editor's dis-
posal most valuable information concerning Mackintosh of Mackintosh of
the Forty-five; to the late Colonel A. R. B. Warrand, on whose collections
this volume is mainly based; to Mr A. A. Chisholm, Sheriff Clerk of
Inverness, for help on various points; to the Rev. Canon R. C. MacLeod
of MacLeod, author of "The MacLeods of Dunvegan," who has most

viii. PREFACE.

kindly given extracts from papers belonging to his family, and assisted in
many other ways; and to Major R. G. MacLeod, Secretary of the Clan
Macleod Society, whose notes on MacLeod have been of great use. With
far less material he had arrived independently at the same conclusions.

The Editor trusts that any mention of those who did or did not take
part with Prince Charles Edward will not be resented by their descend-
ants or representatives. The design has been to combat some previous pre-
judices, and to try to show that those who stood for the Government had
a right to their own point of view, more particularly the smaller lairds,
whose position was one of extraordinary difficulty. Possibly the letters
and papers now presented may help to give some indication of the real
atmosphere of the Highlands in the stirring times of the Forty-five.

CONTENTS.

Page

Preface vii.

Introduction xiii.

VII.— The '45— From February 1744 to February 1746.

(1) Preliminary Fragments I

(2) A Note on Macleod of Macleod 5-

(3) The Lord President goes North 15

(4) Sir John Cope comes to Inverness 36-

(5) Sir John Cope goes Sotrtih 47

(6) The Blank Commissions 55

(7) Miscellaneous,, September 1745 70'

(8) A Note on Mackintosh of Mackintosh 76

(9) Macleod of Macleod and Simon, Lord Lovat ... 80

(10) The Independent Companies (i.) 90

(11) The Attempt on Culloden House 103

(12) The Independent Companies (ii.) -..-. 110

(13) A Note on Mackenzie of Fairburn 121

(14) The Independent Companies (iii.) 123-

(15) Young Pitcailnie and the Rosses 131

(16) Miscellaneous (October to December) 137

(17) The Independent Companies (iv.) 149-

(18) Macleoxl's Expedition Eastwards 156

(19) Letters from the South (January 1746) 184

(20) After the Battle of Falkirk 191

Corrections to the Original "Culloden Papers" (February

1744 to February 1746) 211

Index ... ... *., ... 215

ILLUSTRATION.

Duncan Forbes, Fifth of Culloden, Lord President of the

Court of Session, 1737-1747. [Frontispiece.

INTRODUCTION.

"In my poor simple opinion its quite hard that a nation should suffer
for a few lawless people." So wrote honest Hugh Inglis, better known as
"The Pledger," of which trading vessel he was captain, to his friend,
Gilbert Gordon, in December 1745 (Page 148). These words may be said
to voice the predominating view of Scottish merchants in regard to the
Forty-five and expressed what was perfectly true, that practically the
whole of Scotland lay under suspicion of being Jacobite. Anything was
believed of those who lived over the Border by their English neighbours,
more especially because of the early success of the Rising; and for that the
blame rests entirely with the Government.

"Already," wrote Andrew Mitchell in October 1745, "every man of
our country is looked on as a traitor, as one secretly inclined to the Pre-
tender and waiting but an opportunity to declare" ("Culloden Papers' '
GCCGLXXII.) Certainly there was no lack of false information to this
effect. As an instance, Pelham was warned "to take care of Normand
MacLeod member for Inverness and William [sic] McKenzie Seaforth
both papists and Jacobites Members of the House of Commons from Scot-
land and elected by the Influence of Duncan Forbes president of the
Session at Edinburgh" — an alarming insinuation against one who did
more than anyone else to suppress the Rising. The document (Newcastle
Papers) is unsigned and undated,, but MacLeod and Lord Fortrose, as he
was styled, both entered Parliament in 1741, the year after the death of
William, Earl of Seaforth; and it was one of Lovat's greatest grievances
that his orders to the Frasers had made MacLeod's candidature successful.
Neither could have been papists (unless secretly) if the word be not used
in the sense of "popery," an expression still used occasionally in Scotland
to denote the Episcopalian forms of worship. To those who belong to
other Churches and can yet regard with sympathy the view of those
loyal to the Government, it is amazing to read the works of some presby-
terians, even "Divines," who plead excuse because so-and-so did not join
the Prince. The Church of Scotland as established was entirely anti-
Jacobite, even Ebenezer Erskine playing his part against the Stuarts.

That the landing of the Prince caused consternation even among his
own followers is sufficiently proved; its very audacity confounded his

xiv. INTRODUCTION.

opponents. The Government had certainly been on the watch a year
before and, among other precautions, Forbes had been requested to make
enquiries in his own part of the Highlands. This he did in the neigh-
bourhood of Beaufort (see " Preliminary Fragments," Page 2),
and it is tempting to suppose that he knew a great deal
more about Jacobite intrigues than he chose to reveal, if
there were not urgent need. It was not his way to make
use of rumours against his own countrymen; he trusted to the steady
development of Scotland's resources and the healing march of time. One
thing, however, seems clear, that he was never really deceived by Simon,
Lord Lovat, though he may indeed have looked upon a second forfeiture
of that estate as a national calamity. No more typical Scotsman ever
lived, and his own patriotism was reflected in others.

Whatever view be eventually taken of his friend and perhaps greatest
helper, MacLeod of MacLeod, that Island Chief seems hitherto to have
been condemned on quite insufficient evidence. Some attempt has been
made in this volume to rehabilitate his character in "A note on MacLeod
of MacLeod."

One of his greatest traducers was the late Andrew Lang, who appears
to have neglected no opportunity for abuse. It is regretted that it should
be necessary to call in question the statements of so distinguished a writer;
but because he has been so distinguished in Jacobite literature, his every
sentence carrying weight, it is the more necessary to be just to those whom
he has sometimes needlessly impugned. Mr Lang has not always taken
trouble to verify his statements. A few enquiries might have made him
hesitate to write Appendix II. to "The Companions of Pickle"; which inci-
dentally the Editor of this work had entirely forgotten till after the article
on MacLeod was written. The accusations in that appendix are based on
Murray of Broughton's "Memorials" and a passage in Mackenzie's "His-
tory of the MacLeods." Though Mr Lang was probably not aware of
Murray's papers as given in Mr W. B. Blaikie's "Origins of the '45" or
of MacLeod's letters of 25th June and 15th July (see Pages 10 and 12 of this
volume), he could nevertheless have ascertained that the
Dunvegan correspondence between the Prince and Macleod, as
mentioned by Mackenzie, is a myth, begotten of one questionable letter.
Further he need not have made it a sin for MacLeod to ask that his in-
formation should be considered strictly private, and leave out the qualifi-
cation that the President might use his discretion (see "History of Scot-

INTRODUCTION. xv,

land" IV. 458). Asia matter of fact, and Mr Lang must surely have known
this, people in Scotland were at that time very tender upon this point.
Even Lord Reay, whose principles are justly unquestioned, made exactly
the same request ("Gulloden Papers" CCCGXXVII.)— "I hope your Lord-
ship will not name me as your informer in this."

It would perhaps have astonished Mr Lang if he had known that most
of MacLeod's information came from old MacDonell of Scotus (Page 52).
Mr Lang has accepted the evidence of Murray of Broughton as given in
his "Memorials," though he could write of him ("Companions of Pickle,"
p. 70) that he was "still striving to batter himself into his own
self-respect and to extenuate or bluster out his own dishonour."
If a "signed encouragement" (p. 78) were really sent by Mac-
Leod to the Prince, it ought to have been produced or its existence proved
on more reliable authority. Nor does Mr Lang refrain from insinuations
against another great Island Chief, Sir Alexander MacDonald, ending
some questionable criticisms with an epitaph (p. 128), calculated to leave
the reader despising that amiable man. See MacDonald's letters to the
President of 30th November 1745, and to Clanranald of 25th January
1746 (Pages 154 and 203 of this volume), which are more in keeping with
his character. He had not, however, escaped suspicion some years
earlier.

The letter, from which the following extracts are taken, came to
light after the present volume was practically finished. The first adds
additional weight to the brief for MacLeod, and both seem to show
clearly the intimacy of the two chiefs, even at so early a date, with the
President. On 30th May 1740 MacLeod wrote from Dunvegan as follows:
My dear Lord

I've wrote to Lady MacLeod in the terms we concerted only I
made no mention of any aliment in case of a future separation,
because I was not to suppose such an event would hapen . . .
I put the question [an entirely private one] you desired me to
the Knight [Sir Alexander MacDonald] .... for God sake
bestow ane epistle on him .... if you dont prevail none
on earth will I'm sure.

I repeated as near as I could to Lbvat what you said to me,
he seemed much concerned that he could not regain that intimate
friendship he once had with you but seemed to chuse to be as he
was rather as [sic] have the form of it only.

tvi INTRODUCTION.

Will you be so good as remember to speak to Mr Clayton
about the 36 guns bought of Major Stone for me and convince
him I'm no rebell and that he's little oblidged to those that gave
him such false and scandalous informations. I've now teased
you too long and heast to conclude that I am with all my pith
yours faithfully,

Normand MacLeod.

The second letter was written from Edinburgh 21st May 1741 to the
President by John Mackenzie, probably of the Delvine family.

My Lord

A courier from Sir Alexander MacDonald this morning either
was officious in using your Lordship's name for dispatch or I am
now extreamly so in presuming you this trouble and yet may I
hope these marks of Countenance you have on many occa-
sions vouchsaft Sir Alexander will bear me through in this
where the subject seems to touch him tenderly. That gentleman
has dun'd me with letters and MacLeod with more these ten
days past to transmitt his writes for a particular purpose and
yet by a chain of letters from him and Lady Margaret for severall
months before wherein he seem'd to speak his deliberate senti-
ments he expresses the strongest reluctance with what he seems
now to point at. Its an easy matter to judge in what point of
view one more attacht to that gentleman's honour and interest,
than capable to conduct either will place such a sudden change
. . . he whose character hangs by a twig be it never so slender
should (in prudence) hold by that when he has no other pro-
tection. Nature seems not to have form'd my friend for publick
life and if even an innocent folly will preserve him the esteem
of the world which (however fluctuating) the best of men seem
most to value can it but be mortifying to these who wish him
well to see it surrendered inadvertently and perhaps himself
afterwards rackt with a too late repentance, for this reason My
Lord I detained hitherto what I considered as the weapons of his
ruin .... by this bearer I put these writes in your Lord-
ship's hands and have wrot to Sir Alexander .... Sir
Alexander's last letter is dated from Lovat's house a sad sanc-
tuary for sinking honour but I dare say no more I'm afraid I

INTRODUCTION.

have presumed too much .... My zeall for the honour of
one who gave me an early confidence is some excuse and that I
am with the greatest esteem [etc.]

It may be presumed that the subject of the above letter is one of
politics engineered for election purposes by Lord Lovat. The President's
influence, however, proved too strong in the case of both chiefs.

MacLeod's communication to the President sent from Beaufort
7th October 1745 (Page 84) seems to clear up several points;
it is written from the heart and shows how much MacLeod detested the
part he had played or had been forced to play in deceiving Lovat. The
whole episode is dramatic, and it was this deception, not any momentary
and abandoned idea of joining the Rising, which was to cost MacLeod
so dear. His friends kept silence, but his enemies knew how to make
capital out of it, in spite of the fact that Lovat, by a little patience,
might still have saved himself. But MacLeod's return to Skye was
delayed by storm (Page 87), and Lovat had acted rashly before the very
definite refusal from the two chiefs reached him. The postscript to
MacLeod's memorable letter to the President seems also to imply that
not only was there no illusion as to Lovat's duplicity, but that both
MacLeod and the President were fully aware of an attempt to be made
on the latter' s life or liberty, and by whom.

That Mackintosh of Mackintosh knew of the visit to Beaufort seems
tolerably clear, but he eventually respected his military commission,
and kept out of trouble, in spite of his wife. The famous letter which
he sent to young Cluny, made known by Sir Walter Scott, has been
taken to infer that he actually promised in writing to lead his clan in
support of the Prince, and then withdrew — the charge hurled more
spitefully against MacLeod. In his corrections to <l The Mackintoshes
and Clan Chattan," Mr A. M. Mackintosh drew attention to the two
letters from MacLeod and Lord Loudoun, which clear up the situation,
and he has very kindly made it possible for the Editor of this volume
to reproduce them in full (See " A Note on Mackintosh of Mackintosh.")
Whether the President, Mackintosh and MacLeod were right in the
method they took to delay Cluny's march is a question of ethics. Cluny
had, it seems, been most discourteously treated by Sir John Cope
(" Culloden Papers," CCCCLII.); he had then been made prisoner by
those whom he afterwards served so well, and he admitted that lt an

xvlii. INTRODUCTION.

angel could not resist the soothing, close applications of the rebels."
But Gluny held a military commission, and the President's view of
what was right in such circumstances is clearly shown in the case of his
great-nephew. (See "Young Pitcalnie and the Rosses.")

Mackintosh of Mackintosh was, it appears, largely a victim of his
wife's enthusiasm, and she was by no means the only lady to trouble
a loyal husband at this time. Mr Lang has shown in his tirade against
Barisdale (" Companions of Pickle," p. 110) that Lady Sutherland was
Jacobite ; so it was with Mackenzie of Fairburn, who excused himself
for not accepting a captain's commission of an Independent Company
on the grounds of his property having originally been granted by a
Stuart King ; and for that reason it would not be becoming to fight
against that line (See " A Note on Mackenzie of Fairburn.") In point
of fact, the Mackenzies, though they did not rise, were perhaps the most
difficult to restrain ; and it was only the stern attitude of their chief
which kept the greater part at home. This was not due to any par«-
ticular understanding of the merits of the case among the rank and
file, but mainly to the secret machinations of Lord Gromartie, who not
only deliberately deceived the President but was actually disloyal to
his own chief, a heinous offence in the Highlands, for which only
ambition can account. On one occasion Seaforth's messengers re-
turned " with the people's blessing for my protecting them " (" Cul-
loden Papers," CGCCLXVI.). It is perhaps admissible to suppose that,
so far as Seaforth himself was concerned, he may have acted in grati-
tude for the restoration of the family estates, forfeited by his father, and
not, as is too often said of him and others, because he was selfish and
cautious.

Other instances of men being forced out will be found in Baillie's
letter of 17th October (Page 110), where Barisdale is shown to have dis-
tributed "aquavitae " with initial success and in the affidavit against
Cluny (Page 72). Yet Cluny himself could write — "In a word, it is
hard to judge what burning, starving and killing may determine a de-
fenceless people to do for their immediate safety " (" Culloden Papers,"
CCCGV.). The extract from Sir Alexander MacDonald's letter (pre-
served at Dunvegan), to MacLeod of 23rd September 1745 (Page 63), is
particularly illuminating, as showing the difficulty of raising men to
fight for the Government against their own kindred already in the
field, " and the men here are almost as fond of the young gentleman as

INTRODUCTION. xix.

their wives and daughters are." Many Macdonalds had ere now seen
the Prince, who was looked upon as a leader, appealing to every fight-
ing instinct of the pristine Highlander, be the event what it would. He
was a great figurehead, with a definite appointment as Prince Regent.
On the side of the Government there was no such leader, or anyone
approaching him in that respect. There was, indeed, Duncan Forbes,
whose military service during the year 1715 was not likely after so many
years to be remembered. Yet there was no man in Scotland whose pres-
tige stood higher or in whom the nation had greater confidence.

When he proceeded north to act at first almost alone he faced an
extraordinary situation. There was every prospect, if a sufficient force
were assembled, that the Prince would direct his march towards Inver^
ness, then absolutely defenceless, and there was no real power in the
several counties to call out men to protect those loyal to the Government.
"The appointing of Lord Lieutenants I think would, as things now are,
be too late" Forbes wrote to Cluny on 20th August ("Gulloden Papers"
(Idem CCGGXXXV), a view, perhaps correct in itself, but wholly unsuit-
of infinite delicacy. On this matter the Government's own opinion was
that "no authority is necessary to empower His Majesty's faithful subjects
to arm, attack, and disperse their enemies, in time of actual rebellion."
(Idem CCCCXXXV), a view, perhaps correct in itself, but wholly unsuit-
able to the emergency. In the Scotland of that time appointed leaders
and suitable leaders were absolutely necessary. Cope suffered most from
the fact of his being an Englishman; as a general, judgment should not
be passed upon him without reference to Sir Robert Cadell's "Sir John
Cope." Perhaps he was only too willing to take advice; before leaving
Edinburgh, he was most anxious to see the Duke of Argyll (Idem
CGGXGIX); who with other Scottish magnates was making his way
quickly southward, deserting the country in time of crisis. The
scheme, whether Cope's own or not, of getting assistance for his own
insufficient forces from the chiefs loyal to the Government was excellent
and the President endeavoured to support him therein (Idem GCLIX),
but with little success. Lord Tweeddale blamed him for not marching
to Fort Augustus (Idem CCCCXVIII) and a fortnight later stated that
military men were of opinion that he should have stopped at Dalwhinnie
(Idem CCGCXXXV), which was certainly the opinion of the patriotic
Lord Stair (Idem GCLXIV). But Cope's orders appear to have been
definite (Idem CCCCXXX) and in the end, having avoided the Corrie-

xx- INTRODUCTION.

arrack and marched to Inverness, he then lost as little time as possible in
getting south again by sea. His troops, for the most part half-trained,
might easily have been reinforced by some experienced battalions, how-
ever few. Mulloy's spirited defence of Ruthven illustrates what could
have been done by a few well trained men under a resolute commander
(Page 46).

The President's initial communications with the chiefs gave satis-
factory results and he spared no effort, even communicating indirectly
with Lochiel, for whom he had a great regard. "That Lochiell should
play the madman in this manner surprises me; and I have still some
faint hopes it is not true, tho1 I have been by some well-wishers of his
informed that he has absconded for some time, upon hearing that a
warrant was out against him. I wish no such warrant had ever been
granted" ("Culloden Papers" GGCGIV and GCGCI). It is difficult to
estimate with any sort of precision exactly how many men were kept out
of the Rising or whose march was delayed by the President's influence;
but if MacLeod, Sir Alexander Macdonald and Seaforth be presumed to
have been actuated solely by his friendship — a doubtful supposition — it
would be no exaggeration to say that, but for him, the army
which reached Derby would have been doubled. The Munros
were unquestionably loyal; on Lord Sutherland and Lord
Reay he could equally rely and he would have armed
all their men, had there been arms to spare (Idem
CCCCXXXI) but the request for arms was met by the Government with
intolerable procrastination. After Edinburgh had been handed over to
the Prince without any attempt at resistance (Idem GCGVI), no arms,
even if available, could have been got from the Castle, as contemplated
(Idem CGGGXXXIX). As to credit, it was necessary for the President
to remind Lord Tweeddale, even on 13th September, that bank notes
were not current (Idem CGCCXLII), while to Cope he had written with
more candour on 24th August that it was ridiculous the well affected
could receive no regular pay, in contrast, as he had been told, with "the
Highlanders assembled" (Idem CCGCXVI).

The President's definition of the "Highlands of Scotland" was "that
large tract of mountainous ground to the northward of the Forth and
Tay, where the natives speak the Irish language" and further on in the
memorandum from which the above is a quotation (Idem CCGCXLIII) he
mentions that "it required no small degree of courage and a greater de-

INTRODUCTION. xxi.

gree of power than men are generally possessed of to arrest an offender
or a debtor in the midst of his clan. And for this reason it was, that the
Crown, in former times, was obliged to put Sheriffships, and other
jurisdictions in the hands of powerful families in the Highlands, who by
their respective clans and followings could give execution to the law
within their several territories, and frequently did so at the expence of
considerable bloodshed." The clan was in fact still in the Highlands
the basis of society,, whereby a chief loyal to the Government could re-
strain his people, a Jacobite Chief lead them out.

The suggestion of sending to the President blank commissions for the
officers of 20 Independent Companies to be raised from the non-Jacobite
clans was due to Lord Stair, ("Gulloden Papers" CCLXIV) and was up to
this point the only wise thing the Government had done. While it was
in itself a great compliment to the President, it also burdened him with
an unusual responsibility. Jealousy there was bound to be, which would
create enemies, but few, if any, could have handled the matter with so
little friction. The keynote of his policy was not to distribute the com-
missions only to the clans which had always been loyal to the Government
but to encourage those which had on the present occasion remained loyal
("Culloden Papers" CCCGXLI). The present volume contains consider-
able additional information on the raising of these companies and on
the appointment of the officers, the nominations for whom had to be
confined to the North, owing to communication with the South having
been cut off (Idem CCXCIV).

The arrival of Lord Loudoun, who had been sent to command at
Inverness and the neighbourhood, was welcomed by the President,
though the choice of a Campbell was not perhaps relished in some other
quarters. He had, however, that very year raised a regiment of High-
landers, which unfortunately was not yet sufficiently trained; and in
consequence the subsequent desertions from it were relatively as numer.
ous as from the Independent Companies.

When at last sufficient arms had been accumulated at Inverness to
make any sort of action possible, the Companies were assembled, and
Lord Loudoun was able to revictual Fort Augustus and make Lord Lovat
prisoner. The escape of that nobleman had most serious consequences
to the Government's forces, because it delayed Lord Loudoun's march to
the assistance of MacLeod of MacLeod. The latter had been chosen to
lead an expedition for the relief of Aberdeen and the Eastern shires, pre-

xxii. INTRODUCTION.

sumably because he was chief of a great clan and had the largest follow-
ing in the service of the Government. The results of that expedition may
at first appear trifling, but closer reading shows that a definite object was
in part attained; the enemy was obliged to pay attention to it and moment-
arily to divert a force to meet MacLeod, which might have been more ad-
vantageously used elsewhere, while recruiting for the Prince was cer-
tainly checked. In this respect it is probable that the Duke of Gordon
might have done something before this date, in point of fact he had done
little or nothing, but like many others he had near relations on either
side. The Ghisholm is another example and it may be a surprise to some
that he himself did not fight or lead any part of his clan in this Rising ;
more will be said of him in Volume V.

It is true that MacLeod was defeated at Inverurie, but many of his
men fought well and as Hugh MacLeod himself told the President (Page
171). "The desertion of our men considering how well some of them be-
haved at Inverurie gives me much more uneasiness than what happened
there, and the more so that I think it might have been prevented." In the
curious address to MacLeod of 8th January 1746 (P. 178) a reason for
desertion is given, that "the common Highlanders have from time to
time universally persisted in this pernicious unaccountable mistake, as if
it circulated in their blood, and was conveyed down from age to age, that
they have an absolute right to give up the cause they espouse, and for-
sake their Leaders soon after they see the face of an enemy." High-
landers did not espouse a cause, they fought for their chiefs well and
bravely, returning home much as they pleased but coming again. This
has been pointed out by more than one writer.

In spite of the desertions after Inverurie, the Independent Com-
panies were almost certainly up to strength some weeks later, while
still sufficient arms and cash were lacking. The resignation of Lord
Tweeddale early in January 1746 had brought somewhat brighter pro-
spects. The Duke of Newcastle, goaded by Lord Stair, sent both arms
and cash, but unfortunately they arrived too late to be put to the use
which had been intended. It had been planned to collect as large a force
as possible to be added to the Independent Companies, to which end
measures had been concerted with Lord Sutherland, Lord Reay, Seaforth,
Sir Alexander MacDonald, and others. With sufficient men collected at
Inverness it was hoped at least to present an appearance sufficiently
formidable to make the Jacobites hesitate about retiring in that direction.

INTRODUCTION xxiii.

The underlying idea seems to have been to bring about, if possible, an
early dispersal of the Prince's army and so prevent further bloodshed
and the ruin of more and more families. This would have been charac-
teristic of the President and of many others who thought as he did.

As it was, the Prince approached Inverness earlier than had been
anticipated and though he was in retreat, yet the Battle of Falkirk had
given a last encouragement to his cause, as the Battle of Prestonpans had
made his whole campaign possible. His troops might well be proud of
what they had been able to accomplish and feel themselves more than
a match for any irregular force, especially when that force had no par-
ticular desire to fight their kinsfolk, however loyal they might be to the
Government. The Independent Companies were indeed of most use in
keeping themselves and many others out of mischief.

In spite of all that has been published concerning the Fortyfive a
final account (indeed the whole history of Scotland) has yet to be written.
It is hoped that at least some of the letters and documents here presented
may serve as material to that end.

SjS

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

VII. THE '45— FROM FEBRUARY 1744 TO FEBRUARY 1746

(1) PRELIMINARY FRAGMENTS.

On 1st February 1744, the Marquess of Tweeddale, then Secretary of
State for Scotland, wrote to the Lord President that the Pretender's son
had left Rome, and that there was reason to suspect an attempt would
be made on some part of Britain (" Culloden Papers," GGGXCIL).
Such an attempt by France was indeed in preparation, but it collapsed
a few weeks later, owing to the great storm (See W. B. Blaikie's
"Origins of the Forty-five," p. xliv. et seq). The President's reply to
Lord Tweeddale ("Culloden Papers," CGCXGIII.) touches upon the
improbability of any rising without a sufficient force " to make the party
equal," the advantage to be gained from the presence of regular troops
in the Highlands, ancl the steps to be taken to obtain information.

However ... I have wrote to a friend of mine in the
reighbourhood of the Highlands to examine a person whom I
confide in, and who I am sure will let me know what he has
cb served. . -.

The "friend," to whom the President wrote, 5 February 1744, was John
Hossack, then Provost of Inverness, though he did not, as is often
supposed, hold that office in 1745 or 1746. He was Provost from 1735
to 1738, from 1741 to 1744, from 1753 to 1756, and from 1758 to 1761.

Dear John,

What brings you the trouble of this message is a
letter which I have lately had by express from London, com-
municating the apprehension the Government has, that there is
some correspondence carrying on in the Highlands in favour of
the Pretender, and those that are or may be the declared

2 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

enemies of His Majesty's Person and Government, and desiring
that I may contribute what may be in my power for the detec-
tion and protection of such designs. It is, I confess, my
present opinion, and I am very glad that I can think so that
there is little possibility of danger from that quarter; at the
same time supine neglect is always blameable. I at this dis-
tence can do little, and can possibly know nothing, and its
very probable that designs of this nature are on foot. You
baveing no hint at all in the matter, might not give sufficient
attention to circumstances, though if you were on your guard
you might mind. Its for this reason I send you this line by
Express, to desire that without communicating what I write or
the cause of it to any one living, you will in a prudent manner
listen to what you hear & inquire, where you may think it
proper, and particularly without loseing one moment you may
send to our friend Mr Nicolson & know from him what he may
lately have observed, & direct him to observe closely for the
future. You will return this Express immediately, with notice
whether you have observed anything or not to Mr William
Forbes who forwards it, and if after conversing with Mr Nicol-
son or any other, whom you think fitt in your own discretion
to converse with, concealing the cause of your inquiry, if you
may discover anything worth to be noticed you may send it by
a fresh express to Mr Forbes. If not, you may reserve the
further correspondence to the course of the post. I am, my
dear John, Yours

Edinburgh 5th Febry 1744
To John Hossack

Though the name of Nicolson seems to have been applied by the Jacobites
to MacLeod of MacLeod (" Origins," p. 65), in this connection it can
only be a coincidence. MacLeod was almost certainly in London at
that date. The " Mr Nicolson " to whom reference is made must be the
Rev. Patrick Nicolson, Minister of Kiltarlity from 1716 to 1761, who was
son of the Rev. Donald Nicolson, sometime minister of Kilmuir, in
Skye, and it is of considerable interest that the President should have
directed enquiries in -that direction, the more so, that the minister's
wife, Grizel Eraser, was daughter to the well-known James Fraser of
Castle Leathers, who then had every reason to mistrust his chief.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 3

The result of John Hossack's observations is embodied in the Presi-
dent's letter to Lord Tweeddale of 1st March 1744 (" Gulloden Papers,"
CGCXGV.), whereby it appears that there was little cause to suspect
trouble. The letter refers also to the Duke of Gordon on whom the
Government had bestowed no favour, not even a deputy-lieutenancy ; in
spite of which Lord Tweeddale had written as follows : —

Whitehall 23rd Febry 1743/4.

My Lord,

I had the honour to wait upon the King this Day,
I would not delay one moment in laying before His Majesty
your Graces Letter to me of the 16th instant, & he was well
satisfied with the Expressions therein contained, of your Graces
sincere Zeal & Affection for his Person & Government and I
persuade myself you will do me the justice to believe that no
body wishes you better than myself. As the Preparations for
some desperate Enterprise against this Kingdom appear still to
bo carrying on at Dunkirk, I would submit to your Grace, if
your presence in the Highlands at this juncture, where you are
known to have so great an influence, would not be of use to
preserve the Peace & Quiet of these parts; for altho at present
there is no appearance of any disturbance there, yet no body
can tell how soon the contrary may happen, if proper Precau-
tions are not taken. I am with great truth and regard

My Lord

Your Graces most obedient & most humble
Servant

Tweeddale
His Grace the Duke of Gordon.

In his answer (20th March) to the President, who had suggested a
regiment for the Duke, Lord Tweeddale wrote that his endeavours should
not be wanting to secure some mark of favour (" Gulloden Papers,"
CCCXGVL).

On 31st March 1744, the President intimated his intention of going
north, " whither my little affairs call me " (" Culloden Papers,"

4 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

CGCXCVII "), and wrote the following letter on 10th May 1744 from
Gulloden to his sister, Mrs Ross of Kindeace. (Eraser-Mackintosh MSS.,
Register House).

My dear Grizzy, — I was detained this Season at Edinb: much
longer than I expected by the hurry that men were put in from
the expectation of disturbances on occasion of the attempts of
France — Nor should I have come hither this Spring, my time
was so very short, but for the sake of the journey, which my
health after the fatigue of the winter required & to regulate
some trifles about this place. But the worst of it is that the
civility of my neighbours will not permit me to get what I came
for that is health, or to do my small affairs. And we are the
next week to Have a Meeting about the election of a Collector of
the Cess, at which I must necessarily be present, & which will
occasion to me the thing which I least like, a crowd much
greater than ordinary which makes it impossible for me to do
what I wish, to see you at this time.

I never desire to let the day of my departure be known,
because it subjects me to a run of importuance from my Neigh-
bours who are willing to plague me with taking leave. But
if you have any commands for me they will come time enough
if they reach this before the end of next week

I am my dear Sister

Yr afte Duncan Forbes

From Lord Tweeddale to the President, dated from Whitehall, 2 May
1745

My Lord,

I have been favoured with your Lordships of the IHh
of April, with a Copy of the Report of the State of our
Manufactures for the year ended at Xmas last. It gives me
great satisfaction to find, that in your opinion the Linnen
Manufacture continues to prosper, and will soon make a more
remarkable Progress.

As your Lordship is pleased to mention to me that you
design to set out soon tor Culloden, I cannot dispense with
letting you know, that as we have certain intelligence here,

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 5

that a good number of Recruits are enlisted in Scotland for
the French Service last year, so I have reason to believe the
Town of Inverness, and that neighbourhood was the place
where the French Emissaries chiefly had their Residence. As
it concerns very much the Interest and Credit of his Majesty's
Government, to have an effectual stop put to such Practices
for the future, I am hopeful your Lordship will take an oppor-
tunity when you are in that Country to enquire into the Truth
of such Practices, as also to suggest what will be proper for
preventing the like for the future. His Majesty has this day
put an end to the present Session of Parliament and I believe
goes abroad tomorrow if the Wind proves fair. By the
accounts we have had from Flanders since the last mails, we
have reason to judge that the French have repassed the
Scheldt and abandoned the Siege of Tournay, which it true we
must soon have confirmed. I am with great truth and regard,

My Lord,

Your Lordship's most obedient Humble Servant,

Tweeddale.

Lord President of the Session.

(2) A NOTE ON MACLEOD OF MACLEOD.

Apart from any fresh light the letters to follow may throw upon
his thoughts and actions, it is perhaps pardonable to examine the
evidence upon which rests the supposed perfidy of Normand MacLeod
of MacLeod. The accusation made against him appears to be that, con-
ditionally or unconditionally, that is whether there was or was not
foreign assistance, he had promised his whole-hearted support to Prince
Charles, if he were to land in Scotland.

In 1741 there had been an engagement on the part of the titular Duke
of Perth, Lovat, Lochiel, and others, to risk everything for a Stuart
restoration, but MacLeod's name does not appear, in fact no list (though
there was such a list) of other chiefs then compromised has been found.
(See " Origins," p. XXXV.). In any case no rising was at any time
contemplated without French support, not moral but real. If MacLeod,
like others, momentarily discussed a Stuart restoration, such support

6 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

must have been in his mind, in spite of what has been said to the con-
trary ; and it is certain, had the Prince not taunted Lochiel into action
against his own better judgment, the world would have forgiven him.
Few in Scotland had since the Walpole administration genuinely
desired to fight for a lost cause; but in a sense it was the fashion to
play with the idea. MacLeod may in weak moments have done so, in
spite of his friendship with and admiration for the families of Argyll and
Culloden (See Vol. III. of this series passim.) His grandson wrote
of him •—

The numbers and fidelity of his clan and his influence with
his neighbours were known ; and I have many reasons to
believe that many allurements were held out to seduce him to
engagements which were considered only as dangerous, but
neither guilty nor dishonourable. It would be neither pleasing
nor useful to inquire how deeply he was concerned in the pre-
ludes to the rebellion ; nor indeed have I been able to learn.
(Mackenzie, " History of the Macleods," p. 150).

Mackenzie (Idem, p. 129) repeats the current story, and adds that
there was a "correspondence" between the Prince and MacLeod. The
Rev. Canon R. G. MacLeod of MacLeod (whose history of the Clan was
recently published) has informed the Editor that this undoubtedly is a
mistake. There was no " correspondence," though one letter from the
Prince to MacLeod did formerly exist at Dunvegan. This was probably
the letter sent in 1745, after the Prince's landing (Murray of Brough ton's
"Memorials," edited by R. FitzRoy Bell, p. 155). The letter sent in
1744 was one of those without direction. See "Memorials" (p. 429),
where it is so acknowledged; and the supposed "rapture" of MacLeod
(Idem p. 108) on receiving the letter, to which his name had now been
added, was therefore procured, if procured at all, by what may be
considered a rank deception. As a matter of fact, according to Mac-
Leod himself, and his word must be taken to be at least as good as
Murray's, a letter was delivered to his son, John MacLeod,
and he rl?d not hear of it till a year afterwards. (Spalding Club, "His-
torical Papers," I., 333, and D. N. Mackay, "Trial of Lord Lovat," p.
139). Incidentally, the Prince '. said to have blamed the young Laird of
MacLeod much more than his father, for he had been introduced to him

MORE CTILLODEN PAPERS 7

in France, had kissed hands, and promised all the support in his power.
(Chambers' "Memoirs of the Rebellion," p. 339— "Narrative of Donald
Macdonald.")

Apart from stray hints or accusations by interested or disappointed
parties, such as Robert Scheviz (whose letter on the subject will be given
later in another connection), the evidence against MacLeod seems to rest
almost solely on the assertions of Murray of Broughton, in his " Original
Papers " given in " Origins," in his examination, printed as an appendix
to the " Memorials," and in the " Memorials " themselves. The last
may be largely discounted.

"As to whether MacLeod really put his hand to the document, the
reader must form his own opinion; Murray confessedly speaks from
memory alone" (Lang, " History of Scotland," IV., 451). It is in the
"Memorials" only (p. 109) that MacLeod is said to have committed
himself in writing.

But, as I was still desirous to engage every one in such a
manner as to leave them no room to resile, I begged Lochyell
would repeat his visit next morning, and procure his [Mac-
Leod's] advice and consent in writing : which he accordingly
did, and as I can well remember, it was in the following terms :
" That having maturely considered his Royal Highness's resolu-
tion, he was of opinion that to land in Scotland without assist-
ance from abroad might prove an unsuccessful attempt ; but as he
was entirely devoted to the interest of the Royal Family if he
should land, he would join him at the head of his Clan."

This, according to the "Memorials," took place in 1744, though there
seems to have been an earlier meeting in August 1743 between MacLeod,
Lochifl, ancl Murray, when there is no mention of a pledge. ("Origins,"
pp. 44, 45). This may be the meeting referred to by Murray
("Memorials," p. 108), when he states that he formerly had a long con-
versation with "MacLeod upon the subject of the King's affairs." It
was not in September or October 1744 or earlier that MacLeod could
have given a written pledge, or Murray would surely have told the
Prince in his letter.

I next day gave Mr Dan [Lochiel] the letter designed for
Nicolson [Macleod], which he delivered to him, and made an

8

appointment to meet with me the same night which he accord-
ingly did; but as he had drunk a little too much we differred
having any positive answer from him. ("Origins," p. 65).

In his examination (Appendix to "Memorials," p. 428) Murray states
that he, Lochiel, and MacLeod met in November 1744, and talked of the
"Design," which MacLeod thought a very mad one, but that if the
Prince came, he would join

but that as MacLeod had been drinking this examt desired
Lochiel to speak to him the next morning and learn his real
sentiments upon this matter, which Lochiel accordingly did, and
told this examt that McLeod continued to say that it was a rash
undertaking, but, however, that if the Pretender came, he would
join him.

It was a curious time to extract a promise from anyone after a hard
night's drinking in the fashion of that age. It appears therefore that
MacLeod is supposed to have committed himself verbally, but not in
writing, as many others did — this according to Murray's papers which
were picked up after Gulloden ("Origins," p. xlix); the written pledge
once more rests on the " Memorials," which seem to have been composed
about 1757 and later.

So far as Murray's dates are concerned, Lochiel seems to have been
in Edinburgh in September 1743, where his children had small-pox
(Vol. III. of this series, p. 159), and very possibly MacLeod was there
too on his way to London. He was M.P. for the Shire of Inverness,
and would certainly have been present at the important session in the
spring of 1744, when the French fleet was massing at Dunkirk. Letters
of Dj»..ember 1743 and March 1744 show that he was in the South (W.
Mackay, "Letter Books of John Steuart.") Later in the year he was at
Dunvegan, which he left 5 September, and on 23 September 1744 wrote
to Lovat from Inverary that he had missed the Duke, adding, "Sir Alex-
ander Macdonald was a wise man and against the scheme " (" Transac-
tions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness," XIV. 2). If the scheme was a
sinister one, this is a curious commentary on Murray's letter to Edgar, 5
July 1743, wherein it is stated that Sir Alexander MacDonald, in place of
the 700 men his uncle brought in 1715, would himself bring 1200.
("Origins," p. 38).

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 9

According to Murray ("Memorials," p. 466) it was MacLeod who in
April 1745 brought back from Lord Traquair the letter which was to
have been sent to the Prince, dissuading him from coming without
assistance from France. What passed between Lord Traquair and Mac-
Leod would be of immense interest, were it known, but, as his Lordship
took nj part in the Forty-five, it is not unreasonable to suppose that,
whatever he may have said previously, MacLeod from that time turned
his back on any rash enterprise. It is more than probable that he let
those sentiments be known, if Alexander Macdonald of Boisdale advised
the Prince on his landing that Sir Alexander Macdonald and MacLeod
would not join (R. Chambers, "Memoirs of the Rebellion," p. 2). On
the other hand, Cluny thought that both Sir Alexander and MacLeod
would be at the setting up of the standard ("Culloden Papers," CCCCV.)
Cluny probably took his information from Lovat, but Boisdale was in a
better position to know. In any case, this uncertainty is one of the indi-
cations of the complete surprise and confusion into which the Prince
had thrown the Highlands.

Murray states ("Memorials," p. 141) that when the Prince's letter
was received in May 1745, announcing his intention of coming, Mac-
Leod was with Lovat, and (p. 143) that they proposed a letter should be
written, dissuading the Prince from landing, but (p. 144) that subse-
quently MacLeod did not hesitate. The fact of Lovat getting into a
passion over the matter is, though Murray did not altogether trust him,
no evidence of his real intentions. Inside the walls of Castle Dounie
odd things happened in an odd manner. MacLeod would probably not
have been there, had he known what was afoot and in view of after
events it may have been an enforced and seeming compliance, if there
is any truth in Murray at all. He states that MacLeod, as a result of
his supposed handsome behaviour, desired an interview with him
(Murray), who was anxious that MacLeod should have people
posted in order to observe the Prince's arrival. MacLeod said
that he would see Murray in Skye (which Murray declined),
that he could not answer for Sir Alexander MacDonald, but
that he would himself, though he thought the Prince should
return, join him, if he persisted (" Memorials," pp. 144-146).
Murray's dates are never satisfactory^, and the sequence of events is
sometimes difficult to understand, but the following shows that as early
c

10 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

as 25th June 1745, MacLeod was not in the interests of the Prince, what-
ever his former feelings may have been.

From MacLeod of MacLeod to the Lord President [at Edinburgh], dated
from Glenelg, 25th June 1745.

My dear Lord

I gott only here Saturday evening, [19th], since wh. time I have
seen some of my Knodart Friends, one of whom has a letter
from young Glengarry, dated 14 days ago, from the Braes of
Perthshire, where he says he is hunting and fishing &c., with
the D. of Perth and some other Friends, and would be home
the beginning of July. I cannot help informing you of a much
more extraordinary rumour, spread all hereabouts, (on what
foundation I do not know,) which is that the Pretender's Eldest
Son was to land somewhere in the Highlands in order to raise
the Highlanders for a Rebellion &c. I own I do not believe
one tittle of it, because I am morallie certain he cannot have
the smallest encouragement from any men of consequence, in
this part of the Highlands, but should such a thing possiblie
happen, I am sure I and others well effected to the Govern-
ment would be in a very odd situation, because we are in no
condition to oppose him for want of arms if he had but 100
armed men with him. When the War with France was de-
clared I made application at London for some arms to defend
our Coast from Privateers, and there was some promise made
that a number would be sent down to the different Forts, to
be given out by our Commander in Chief, but as I never heard
more of it, I suppose it was forgott, which I now wish it had
not-. You know much better than I can pretend to direct,
what is the proper use to be made of this, but as it is but a
report (I dare say without foundation) I would not choice to
be handed about as the author of it, in the mean time I shall
spare no pains to be better informed, and if its worth while
run you ane express. I beg to hear from you by the bearer,
I ever am most unalterablie Yours,

Normand MacLeod.

The Knight & Lady Margaret are in Uist, I expect they'll
make my house their way home, if the weather permits them.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 11

The obvious criticism of this letter by MacLeod's detractors is mat
he must then have been cognisant of the Prince's intentions, and that
he was making an impudent attempt to get arms, to be turned on those
who were to give them. This is certainly 'another evil attributed both
to him and to Sir Alexander MacDonald by Albemarle's spies in 1746,
("Albemarle Papers," i., 339), though even Murray acquits Sir Alexander
of vacillation once the desperate nature of the enterprise was known.
("Memorials," p. 156), The firm refusal was not only on the part of
Sir Alexander, but of MacLeod too, and both did their best to keep young
Glanranald out of it ("Memoirs of the Rebellion," pp. 19, 20).
According to Captain Donald Macdonald (Idem p. 424), he was at Mug-
stot when the Prince landed, and was detained by Sir Alexander, who
was determined to raise his following if MacLeod, Seaforth, Lovat,
etc., raised theirs. He states also that Sir Alexander wrote to Mac-
Leod, but got no encouragement. In the mass of contradictory
evidence, one thing emerges, that MacLeod relied for advice on the
Lord President Forbes and on Argyll. " It is a great pleasure," wrote
the latter in January 1746, "to me to find that MacLeod has behaved
himself in so handsome and so zealous a manner. I had answered for
him in such positive terms, that I have great reason to rejoice at his
having done all I said on his behalf " ("Gulloden Papers," DXXVI).
The Duke was not a man to be fooled, nor was Forbes, who told his
friend Mitchell in November 1745 —

Under these circumstances I found myself almost alone, without
troops, without arms, without money or credite; provided with
no means to prevent extream folly, except pen and ink, a tongue,
and some reputation; &, if you will except MacLeod, whom I
sent for from the Isle of Sky, supported by nobody of common
sense or courage.

High praise from two great Scotsmen, who viewed Scottish matters
from very different angles. It has somewhere been said that the influ-
ence of the Lord Presfdent has been exaggerated : it has rather been
under-estimated, as witness the importance attributed to securing his
person under a warrant issued by the Prince. An enthusiastic English
Jacobite, whose testimony may safely be taken as of weight, wrote
(" Origins," p. 206 — " John Daniel's Progress ") —

12 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

Some of my readers may be curious to know who this Presi-
dent was, and what interest he had. He may truly be styled
the Oracle of his Country, for many resorted to him for advice;
and had he been as great a friend as he was an implacable
enemy, James would in all probability have swayed the English
Sceptre, for by his interest, cunning, and persuasion he brought
over his own party, together with Sir Alexander McDonald
and several others who before were just sworn in to the Prince's
interest. So, I say, had he been as firm a friend as he was
an implacable enemy, we should have seen, instead of the four
thousand men who marched into England, an army of eighteen
or twenty thousand men.

How the President accomplished what he did may perhaps appear
more evidently from documents to follow. If MacLeod had needed
persuasion, he would scarcely have taken the trouble to warn the
President on 25th June, or have taken measures for the benefit of the
Government to ascertain the truth of the rumoured invasion thereafter.
On 15th July 1745 the Prince set sail for Scotland, and on 16th July
MacLeod wrote as follows from Dunvegan to the President [at Edin-
burgh] : —

My dearest Lord

I had the pleasure of yours last week after our Post was dis-
patched, had I had anie Thing Material to Inform you of since
I left Glenelg you may be sure, I would have run you ane
express directly.

In consequence of the information I then had, and
my writing you, I had Proper Persons who I was sure would
give me the quickest Intelligence and laid all the way twixt
Glenelg and the Point of Airdnamurchan, I likewise sent People
into two or three of the lies that are of your acquaintance, &
into the long Hand, which with this Hand was all the places I
could suspect ane attempt would be made upon, and as I've
heard nothing further from any of these places, but Peace, &
quiet, I think you may depend on it, that Either there never
was such a thing Intended, or if there was that the Project is
intyrlie defeated & Blown into air.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 13

Lady Margaret & Sir Alexr have been here these eight days,
they salute you & are very well only her Belly swells consider-
ablie, need I fell you the Knight is as well affected as you or 1
can be & would be as ready to defeat Projects of that kind as
anie Man.

I am very sorry for my young Highland Brother, that he
should neglect his affairs so much, be where he will. If he
returns & that Sir Alexander & I could answer for him for the
future (as he promised to put himself Intyrly under our direc-
tion) cant you prevent his being looked after as you love to do
good natured things.

I have not att all been well since I got home in spite of
Regularity & Exercise. I've had three or four shivering fitts
which ended in being feverish from 12 to 24 hours and sweat-
ing wh. caryed off the feaver, & in general.1 I constantlie have
Low Spirits and akeing in my limbs with a feebleness I was
till now quite unacquainted with, & a constant disorder in my
head, which is the most disagreeable thing of ajl. I would not
have plagued you with this stuff did I not know you a most
noted quack & I expect your assistance, I am my Dear Lord
most unalterablie Yours

Normand Macleod.

On 2nd August 1745, probably in view of this letter, the Lord Presi-
dent wrote from Edinburgh to Henry Pelham, then virtually Prime
Minister, as follows. (" Gulloden Papers," GGXLV.) The letter is
endorsed, " Lo. President's letter to Mr Pelham."

Dear Sir,

In a state of profound tranquility, we have been alarmed with
advices, which are said to have been received at London, of
intended invasions ; and particularly of a visit which the Pre-
tender's eldest son is about to make to us, if he has not already
made it. These informations, particularly as to the visit just
mentioned, I must confess, have not hitherto gain'd my belief.
This young gentleman's game seems at present to be very
desperate in this country ; and, so far as I can learn, there is
not the least apparatus for his reception, even amongst the few

14 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

highlanders who are suspected to be in his interest. How-
ever, as, when so much is at stake, no advice, how improbable
soever, is to be neglected, I have (our session being now over)
resolved to make my accustomed journey northwards a little
earlier than usual ; to the end that, though my fighting days
are over, I may give some countenance to the friends of the
government, and prevent the seduction of the unwary, if there
should be any truth m what is reported.

The next day the Prince had landed at Eriskay, and MacLeod sent
the letter (the only one hitherto known) which has been the subject of
so much criticism (" Culloden Papers," CGXLVL).

My Dearest Lord,

To my no small surprise it is certain that the Pretended Prince
of Wales is come on the Coast of South Uist and Barra, and
has since been hovering on parts of the Coast of the main Land
that lies betwixt the point of Airdnamurchan and Glenelg ; he
has but one ship, of which he is aboard ; she mounts about 16
or 18 Guns. He has about thirty Irish or French Officers with
him, and one Sheridan, who is called his Governor. The Duke
of Athol's brother is the only man of any sort of note (that
once belonged to this Country) that I can hear of that's alongst
with him. His view, I need not tell you, was, to raise all the
Highlands to assist him, &c. Sir Alex. Macdonald and I, not
only gave no sort of Countenance to these people, but we used
all the interest we had with our Neighbours to follow the same
prudent method ; and I am persuaded we have done it with
that success, that not one man of any consequence benorth the
Grampians will give any sort of assistance to this mad rebellious
attempt. How far you think we acted properly, I shall long to
know ; but this is certain, we did it as our duty and for the
best ; for in the present situation of Affairs in Europe, I should
have been sorry to see any thing like disaffection to the Govern-
ment appear, tho' ever so trivial ; or that there was occasion
to march a single Company to quell it, which now I hope and
dare say there is not.

As it can be of no use to the Public to know whence you
have this information, it is, I fancy, needless to mention either

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 15

of us ; but this we leave in your own breast, as you are a much
better judge of what is or is not proper to be done. I've wrote
to none other ; and as our friendship and confidence in you is
without reserve, so we doubt not of your supplying our defects
properly. Sir Alex, is here, and has seen this scrawl.

I ever am, most faithfully, Yours,

Normand Macleod.
Dunvegan, 3d Augt 1745.
The Ld President, &c.

P.S. Last night I had the pleasure of yours of the 25th. A
thousand thanks for your advice ; but I'm in good health by
the very means you mention, moderate exercise, and regularity,
without starving. Young Clanranald has been here with us,
and has given us all possible assurances of his prudence, &c.

Andrew Lang wrote (" History of Scotland," IV., 458), " Macleod at
once warned (August 3) Forbes of Gulloden, saying that it was " need-
less to mention " himself and Sleat as the sources of information."

In justice again to MacLeod it is well to note the qualification : —
"but this we leave in your own breast, as you are a much better judge
of what is or is not proper to be done."

The accession of his own following and that of Sir Alexander Mac-
donald might have infinitely prolonged the "Forty-five"; final success
depended on the support of the English Jacobites and the assistance of
France, neither of which was forthcoming. Without appearance of
these, it would be rash to censure any who withdrew, whether they
had offered help conditionally or unconditionally, and it does not seem
in any way proved that MacLeod belonged to either category.

(3) THE LORD PRESIDENT GOES NORTH.

In his letter to Lord Tweeddale ("Culloden Papers," CGXVII.) of
8th August, the Lord President stated his intention of going north, and
gave some hints as to arms and credit. It is probable that he had
consulted with Sir John Cope, who had already advised the Govern-
ment that arms should be lodged in some of the Highland garrisons
(State Papers, Scotland, P.R.O.) On 6th August Cope wrote that the

16

5000 arms sent to Edinburgh, Stirling and Inverness would be of great
use (Idem), and on 9th August issued a warrant in connection there-
with.—

Sir

I desire you will deliver out of the Stores Lately sent you from
the Castle of Edinburgh, Muskets, Bayonets and Gartouch
Boxes for the Effective Men of the Seven Companys of the
Right Honble The Earl of Loudouns Highland Regiment that
are quartered at Inverness and you will deliver Muskets,
Bayonets and Gartouch Boxes to the Recruits of said Com-
panys as they shall arrive from time to time to join their
Respective Companys, taking proper receipts for the Arms as
you deliver them.

Jno. Cope.

To the Governor or Storekeeper
of Fort George Inverness

Copy Letter from the Earl of Loudoun [then Adjutant-General]
to Major McKenzie or officer commanding his Lops Regi-
ment att Inverness.

Edinburgh August 9th 1745.
Sir,

I send you inclosed a Warrant from Sir John Cope for arms
to be delivered to you out of Fort George, Inverness. But you
• are by no means to take any but for your effectives on the spot,
and by the Warrant you will be supplied from time to time,
as your numbers increase. I need not put you in mind to keep
your people alert, and to go on to instruct both your Officers
and Soldiers in their duty as far as the time will permit. The
President is set out this morning for Inverness, he is a Civil
Magistrate and a man of great consequence in this Country,
it will be right for you to attend him, as you will certainly be
justified for what you do, in consequence of his Directions.

(Signed) Loudon.

By command of Sir John Cope (13th August) Loudoun's regiment,
or so much of it as was in the North of Scotland, was put under the
President's orders (" Culloden Papers," CCLI.).

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 17

Travelling by Leith and Falkland, where he stayed the ni&tfit of
Friday, 9th, the President passed the Bridge of Earn, and on Satur-
day, 10th, came to Dunkeld (original cash account). A night was spent
at Blair, and on Tuesday, 13th, he reached Culloden ("Culloden Papers,"
GGCG). No time was lost in communicating with the Chiefs. On 14th
August he wrote to the Duke of Gordon (Idem), and the next day Lord
Lovat dined with him (Idem GCGGI.). The (titular) Earl of Seaforth
(known also as Lord Fortrose) probably as a direct result of the Presi-
dent's influence, wrote to the Government, 15th August, that he and
his would remain loyal (State Papers, Scotland, P.R.O.) Sir Alex-
ander MacDonald and MacLeod had already given their written pledge
to the President (" Culloden Papers," GCL.).

My Lord,

Probably you'll have heard, before this reaches you, that some
of our neighbours of the main land have been mad enough
to arm and join the Young Adventurer mentioned in Mac
Leod's letter to you. Your Lordship will find our Conduct
with regard to this unhappy scrape such as you'd wish, and
such as the friendship you have always shewed us will prompt
to direct. Young Clanranald is deluded, notwithstanding his
assurances to us lately ; and, what is more astonishing, Lochiel's
prudence has quite forsaken him. You know too much of
Glengarry not to know that he'll easily be led to be of the Party ;
but, as far as I can learn, he has not yet been with them. Mr
Mac Lean of Coll is here with his daughter, lately married to
[Macleod of] Tallisker ; and he assures us of his own Wisdom ;
and, as he has mostly the direction of that Clan, promises as
much as in him lies to prevent their being led astray. You
may believe, my Lord, our spirits are in a good deal of agitation,
and that we are much at a loss how to behave in so extraordi-
nary an occurrence. That we will have no connection with
these madmen is certain, but are bewildered in every other
respect till we hear from you. Whenever these rash men meet
with a check, 'tis more than probable they'll endeavour to retire
to their islands : how we ought to behave in that event we
expect to know from your Lordship. Their force, even in that
case, must be very inconsiderable, to be repelled with Batons ;
D

18 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

and we have no other arms in any quantity. I pledge Mac
Leod in writing for him and myself. I come now to tell you,
what you surely know, that I am most faithfully,

My Lord,
Your most obedt humble Servt,

Alexr Macdonald.
Tallisker, llth Augt 1745.

In a long letter to Cope of 15th August ("Culloden Papers," CCCGL),
the President made mention of a note received that day from Major
William Gaulfield, then Quartermaster-General, enclosing copy of a
letter, dated 7th, from Fort- William. These documents are as
follows : —

To the Right Honble The Lord President

To be forwarded to him per express from
Ruthven by Mr John McPherson Deputy
Barrack Master there.

Wm. Caulfield.

Edinburgh Augt. the 12th 1745.
My Lord

Sir John Cope not having time to write to you himself, he sends
you the enclosed wh. is a copy of what he has sent to the Duke
of Argyle, and Marquis of Tweedale. He sent you in his last
an account of the Disposition he had made of the Troops. He
has now ordered the first day of their marching out of their
present Quarters, to encamp near, that they may know a little
of their business and be ready to march on, as the Service
requires. As bread and Biscuit baking for them at Perth and
Stirling, cannot be ready on Wednesday next, which day they
are to encamp, and which is as soon as the Train which I have
sent this day to Stirling can arrive there. I have sent a re-
inforcement to Fort-William.

This Scrawl is very incorrect, but I am not allowed time
to write it over. Sir John sometimes dictated. Your Lord-
ship will pardon the error, I began to write as from myself.
I've not time to say more. I am ever your Lordships Faithfull
Servant

Wm. Caulfleld.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 19

Headed :— Copy of a Letter to Sir John Cope.

Sir,

I am sorry I have reasons to send you an express sooner than
I expected. A few hours since I had intelligence that the Country
of Moidart, inhabited by the Macdonalds, all Roman Catholics,
came in 10 or 12 Transports with a Ship of Force, all French,
and aboard of them they say are 2000 men, who are now
landed (sic). The Country Gentlemen there, supplied them with
all manner of fresh provisions. Unhappy for us in this place if
we are attacked, the party that was in Sutherland not being
returned, and the inner gate which was pulled down some-
time ago not yet rebuilt, but all hands are now at work to make
it up.

This day I'll send to the Country of Moydart, to know the
certainty of what is told me, and when returns will run you

another express

I am Sir

Your faithfull and most Obedt Servt

(Signed) Alexr Campbell

Fort William 7th August 1745.

The truth of this I can't affirm, as the Person thit told
me saw neither the Ships nor People, but was informed of it
by a Relation of his, who said he was in Company with them.

In connection with Fort-William the following was written by the
President on 16th August to " Mr Paton of General Guise's Regi-
ment." This regiment, quartered at Aberdeen, was broken up and
sent to Fort-George (Inverness), Fort- Augustus, and Fort-William.

Sir,

Between seven and eight this morning your Letter of yesterday's
date came to my hand. Your case appears to me to be very
delicate & what I cannot form any judgment on as I have not
seen your order : if from that it appeared, the object in the
Genls. view was to fling your Compny into Fort-William, in
order to reinforce the Garrison and to prevent a surprise and
that the directions to transport the stores, proceeded only from

20 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

a secondary view to save them as the Barrack was to be left
defenceless, the stores might have been left to the care of the
Duke of Gordon's Baillie, and the Compny might have marched,
especially as it seems, they were to proceed by forced marches,
but if the chief instruction was to have transported the Stores,
for the Service of the Troops in Fort-William, you will I think
stand sufficiently justyfled for not forcing your March, when
you could not transport the Stores. As to what you are
further to do tho' it be none of my Provence, I would gladly
give you advice, if I was acquainted with the present conditions
of the Country between you and Fort-William, if you have
intelligence to be trusted that the coast is clear, between you
and Fort William (which it possibly may not be now, tho' it
may have been when you received the order), you ought in my
opinion to march the men leaving the stores to the care of the
Baillie, But if on the contrary, the best information you can
get, leads you to believe the Highlanders in your way are already
in arms, to a greater number than you can possibly deal with,
prudence seems to require your acquainting the Genl. with your
case, and remaining where you are till further orders. I wish
you had given the Genl immediate notice of the accident, fcr his
further directions. Any express which you dispatch to him
will probably find or hear of him at Perth. Everything is quiet
in this neighbourhood.

I am &c.

On 17th August the President informed Cope of the report that the
Standard was to be set up on the 19th, and acknowledged the arrival of
the sloop with arms, hoping that more would be sent, "since without
them, Gentlemen, however zealous, can do no more than talk for the
Government, and not even that with confidence" ("Culloden Papers,"
CCCCII). The Duke of Argyll, with whom Cope was so anxious to
consult (Idem CCGXCIX), seems to have lost no time in setting out
for London, and the Duke oi Atholl intended to follow his example.
The position of the latter was much more difficult, in view of the fact
that his elder brother, known as Tullibardine, would but for the
attainder have succeeded to the Dukedom in 1724 ; and he was now in
Scotland with the Prince.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 21

From the Duke of Atholl to the President, dated from Blair Castle,
17th August, "Saturday seven at night "

My Lord

I had the pleasure of your Lop's of the 12th by the Express
you sent to Sir John Cope & just now I received yours of the
15th, 9 at night from Culloden, forwarded by MacPherson the
Barrack Master at Ruthven, with one inclosed from Sir John
Cope, which I this moment sent to him by Express, with what
accounts are come to my knowledge. I send your Lop. a copy
of Lochgarry's Letter, which I received yesterday, and expect to
hear from him in a day or two.

Mr Robertson of Woodsheall came here today from Ranoch,
and informs me that some of the Camerons from Lochaber,
came to that Country on Thursday last, and were endeavouring
to carry away some of Strowan's Tenants of that name, and that
Keapoch had sent Emmisaries to Brodalben and Ranoch to bring
away those of his Clan, some of whom were already gone to
join him. I am now persuaded that the people in Lochaber
are actually gathering in a body : But what Mr. MacPherson,
the Barrack Master of Ruthven writes to me of ten thousand
French being with them, I can by no means give credit to.

Mclntosh it seems did not receive my Letter till Friday
the 13th in the evening, and had not heard from your Lop, as
he told Lord George that Night, betwixt ten and eleven at
night at the Newtoun of Glenalmond, where he had come so
far in his way to be with me at Dunkeld, where he believed
I was. But having positive orders to march next morning
being Wednesday with his Company to Stirling, he judged it
best to return to Creef that night, which he did and the Reither
that Sir Patrick Murray (whose company was also commanded
to Stirling) was absent Since writing the above, I have got
from two of the name of McDonell, who live under me in Bon-
ranoch, a letter wrote to them by Keapoch, the original I have
sent to Sir John Cope, and inclosed is a Copy of it.

I am also positively informed that several of the Camerons
from Locheall came to the two sides of Loch Ranoch and have

22 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

carried off about a hundred men with them. The Inverness
post is just now come, from whom your Lop. will receive this

I ever am My Lord
Your Lops Most obedient Humble Servant

Atholl.

The enclosed from Lochgarry does not appear ; the following is the
second copy referred to. The fact of the original having been handed
to the Duke seems to infer some hesitation in obeying the order.

Directed to Alexr McDonell of Dalhoshnea Esq and Alexr
McDonell of Drumcastel.

Dr Gentlemen Keapouch 12th August 1745

As I have ane affair of the highest concequence on which yours
as well as my honor, credit and reputation depends to inform
you off, I most earnestly intreat you to be heare friday night
first punctually in the terms— (tore by the seall) shall acquaint
you of — (tore by the seall) — you, if ever you incline or expect
my friendship or countinance as well as that of a persone of the
hyghest consequence, fail not in your observation of what is
above. I am

Dr Gentlemen Yours while

Subscriv'd Alexr McDonell

The President's answer is " Culloden Papers," CGGGVIII.
"To the northward," he wrote, "Sir Alexr MacDonald & MacLeod
have prevented any junction from their dependants, Lords Fortrose and
Lovat declare that they are to support the Government, and the young
Laird of Grant (whose father is gone or going for London) speaks the
same language . . ."

Without waiting for a reply to his letter of 17th, the Duke on 19th
wrote from Blair as follows : —

My Lord.

I wrote to you Lop. Saturday that Locheal and Kepuch had
sent some of their people to Ranoch to raise the men of their
name in that Country. Yesterday I heard that Colonel Murray's
Regiment is marched to Stirling which I take as a sign that

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 23

the King's Troops are to make no stand against the Invaders,
this side of the Forth, by letters that I have from Edinburgh
dated the 17th I understand that the Duke of Argyll is returned
from Roseneath to Edinburgh without going to Inverary, as
thinking himself not safe even to stay at Roseneath. My Letter
says that he is to set out directly for London, that this Country
without arms or any Troops is quite exposed to the invaders,
and in that case, I can be of no manner of use here, therefore
I think I cannot do better than follow the Duke of Argyll's
example, for which reason I intended to set out from this today
with my Daughters, who I propose are to go to Tullibardine the
day after, and I intend to go to Edinburgh and stay some time,
till it be seen what turn this affair will take. Since 1 begun
to write this the Inverness Post, has brought me your Lops,
and I have forwarded Sir John Cope's Letter by him. It is
now eleven forenoon, and says he was so long detained by not
being able to cross the water of Findorn because of the rains.
There was some men of Ruthven that escorted him, but he says
he saw nobody on the Road, or heard anything extraordinary.
I send this by one of the men that escorted the Post, and have
wrote to Mr Macpherson to forward it to your Lop. I hope
your Lop will think I doe prudently to go to Edinburgh, as
nothing can be done here, and I do not know how soon some
of these people may come this length. I have expected Loch-
garry these two Days past, but has heard nothing of him. I
wish he may not be intercepted.

I am My Lord yours most faithfully

Atholl.

By 23rd August the Duke had reached Dunkeld, where for the
moment he intended to remain. —

Dunkeld 23d August 1745

My Lord

The moment I received your Lordship's of the 20th I sent yours
to Sir John Cope who is to be this night with the King's troops
at Tay Bridge ; I wrote to your Lordship in my last of my
intention and reasons for leaving Blair; the troops now march-

24 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

ing northward, I shall not go further south as I then intended;
Glengary came here Tewsday the 20th, I went next morning
to Crieff and caryed him alongest where Sir John Cope with
the King's troops had come the night before. Glengary is to
continue with me, but I do not know how far that will hinder
his men joining the other side; he sayes Lochgary was either
to come here or go to Inverness, but not one word of him yet,
which makes me aprehend the worst of him, I am My Lord
Yours most faithfully

Atholl.

On 19th August the Standard was to be set up, of which MacLeod
had knowledge when he wrote to the President on the 17th (" Culloden
Papers," CGLIL),

My Dear Lord,

I got yours here, which is 18 miles from my House in the Road
to Glenelg, where I go armless and alone to prevent any
Mischief there from their close neighbourhood with Knoydart ;
I mean, any of my people's being tempted with plenty of
Money to go a volunteering. As to their being pillaged, it's
what I take for granted. My dear Lord, I have all along wrote
without reserve, which Sir Alexander's last letter (which you
ought to Rave got the same day as yours was wrote) will evince ;
and all I have to add is, that what we wrote is true, and no
more. He had but one Ship, a Privateer of 18 Guns, with
about 1,600 bad Guns, and as many worse swords ; about 25
Officers, mostly Irish, or of Irish Parents ; and there is but
one of them that ever was so high a rank as Lieut Colonel. I
hear of no more that has as yet joined him. He sets up his
standard Monday ; and as I am pretty sure of information
from thence you shall know it. The Place, Glenfinnon,
which is the outlet from Moydart and Arisack to Lochaber.
Except the D. of P[ert]h get at them, I really do not see where
they will find another man ; for I know from Lovat his for-
wardness to serve the Government ; and as to the M'Intoshes,
M'Phersons, &c. &c. sure they are all quiet at least, if not well
affected. In my weak opinion, it would be a very wrong step
to draw many of the troops to Scotland, as there can be little

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS B5

Danger here; and that they give out there is a strong landing
to come, either from Cadiz or Ferrol, to the south west of
England, with 30,000 stand of arms for the discontented there,
who are ready to take them. This may be only meant to put
spirit in his adherents here ; but if it is true, it's worth Notice,
which the insurrection here hardly is yet Sir Alexr Mac-
donald and I can easily raise from 1,500 to 2,000 men for the
King's Service if they are wanted ; and I am sure we are
willing ; but then some of our ships would require to land
that number of arms here ; else 1,800 Staves, with about 200
Guns and Swords, would make but a foolish Figure. The
Privateer is sailed away to the Northward ; and it's true, she
took 3 meal barks and ransomed them, and sent some of her
Grew with the Ships where the young Chevalier was ; they
took as much of the meal as they thought proper, and paid for
it and dismissed them. I can think of nothing else just now ;
the place & paper agree. You will soon hear from me.
I am, with the outmost friendship and attachment,
My dearest Lord, ever yours,

Normand Mac Leod.
Sconsar, Augt 17, 1745, past 2 a' clock

There is surely no Scotsman of any note come over with
him, but the Duke's brother [Tullibardine, titular Duke of
Atholl], who is turned an old woman, if I can credit what I
hear of my Cousin.

With regard to Lovat, see " Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inver-
ness," Vol. XIV., p. 2, where is a letter from MacLeod to him, dated
18th August., in which occurs the following : — " I cannot find out what
neighbour of yours to the West agreed in conjunction with you in my
neighbour's Sentiments and mine. Lochiel I thought had, but I fear
you was mistaken, as I am sure I was." Many mistakes were made in
the Forty-five, as witness the President's correspondence with Cluny
(See " Culloden Papers," CGCCIII., CCCCIV., CCCCV., CCCLIX.,
CCGGXIIL, and the very interesting letter (GCCCLII.) which lays the
blame for Gluny's final defection on Sir John Cope).
E

28 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

So far as the Duke of Gordon was concerned, the following to the
President is from Brodie of Brodie, and is dated Tuesday [20 August],
11 o'clock : —

My Lord

I really dont know what to make of the Duke of Gordon. You
see by the inclosed he is come home, but does not chose to
answer your Letter or mine, so that he has either people
about him who advise him not to meddle because it is a going
game, or else he is turned whimsical. For I never heard
anybody express more zeal and readiness, to serve the Govern-
ment than his Grace has done, since he came last home. I
am glad to find the Yachts are gone for the King but surprised
to find they have appointed no Lord Lieutenants. We hear
that some of the Mackenzies, Ghishalms, nay even some of the
MacLeods will take arms against their Chiefs and Masters,
but Grant seems positive, that whenever Strathspey is assem-
bled and march that way, that Glenmoriston will join him,
we ajso hear that their General Rendezvous was yasterday.
Sir James Grant has gone south but not Findlater.

I am, yours &c

Alexr. Brodie.

The President's answer, dated from Gulloden, Tuesday, "the 20th
August ten at night," is on the back of the above. His information
came from MacLeod (see his letter of 17th August), whose identity he
advised Cope might be revealed to the Duke of Argyll. (See postcript
to " Culloden Papers," CCCCXII., which in fact belongs to CCCCVIL,
the date of CCCCXII. being 20th August.)

My Lord Lyon

Yours dated this morning at eleven was just delivered me and
I am glad to hear that the D. of Gordon's occasions, have not
carried him to Edinburgh. You was I believe truly informed,
that the general Rendezvous was yesterday at Glenmoriston,
between Moydart and Lochaber in order to what they call
setting up the Standard. I am satisfied, for I heard by express
this day from the neighbourhood, that no Mackenzie, Chisholm,
or Macleod (notwithstanding your intelligence) was there nor

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 87

any one depending on Sir Alexander Macdonald, and I am
further satisfied that no ship has arrived, since the first which
did not land above 25 persons, neither do they there speak
of expecting any further landing in this country, tho they
talk much of an invasion to be made on the south coast of
England from Ferrol or Cadiz, and give out that several con-
siderable Gentlemen in the Highlands are to join them, who I
verily believe if necessary will oppose them. Who they have
with them, other than the family of Clanranald the Camerons
and some of Glengarry's people with Keppoch I have not heard
neither do I know what course they will take. But they must
do somewhat soon. Printed Declarations by the Young Ad-
venturer, who is declared Regent by his Father are handed
about, and I have seen one of them. I would have wrote by
express to the Duchess of Gordon had anything worth while
occurred. If you judge this to be of that sort, you may send
it to her Grace but with an apology for my not writing to her,
by your servant, whom I dispatch this night. If you would
say truths, say my eyes are almost out and that it is not possible
for me to write one line more with candle light.

My service to the Lyoness
I am &c

An entry in family accounts dated 11 December 1745 is for 6d paid
to the Post "for carrying herbs for his Lordship eyes from Edinburgh."

From John Hossack to the Lord President, dated from Inverness,
23 August:—

My Lord

From the East I am informed that the Duke of Pearth has been
in Buchan, and has with a single Gentleman in Company past
through Strathbogie, and Glenlivet to join in the insurrection.
The Duke of Gordon, who was said to have taken journey South,
went only the length of Fyvie, where he met with the Countess
of Aberdeen, and returned last Saturday, Earl of Findlater is at
his House of Cullen, Sir James Grant is gone south by Aberdeen

I am My Lord
Your Lops most faith full Servant,

John Hossack.

28 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

In the absence of Sir James Grant of Grant, the command of the
Clan devolved on his son, Ludovick. The following from him appears
to have been forwarded by Brodie : —

Castle Grant August 21st 1745.

Dear Lyon

By all the accounts I can hear, Sir John Cope has not as yet
left Stirling, and most of the Highlanders of the new Regiment
are deserting. I wish Glunie's men stand by him in the event
the old Gentleman go to the other side. I am informed this
countrie is to be attacked ; they threaten us greatly from
different quarters. I am preparing for giving them some dis-
turbance, this house I think as I am furnishing of it will hold
out except they attack us with Cannon, and if we had Troups
in the north you would see the people of this Countrie botn will-
ing and readie. We are much better provided in arms than
I expected. I am afraid the two additional companies were
surprised and taken by the Highlanders. I saw a man who
met some hundreds in pursuit of them, he was informed they
came up with them, and that the companies made little or no
resistance.

I have sent people to different corners of the Highlands for
intelligence, when they return I shall write you, but I see -he
King's friends who are willing to exert themselves for the
defence of the Government and Protection of the Country are
even like to be in danger of being Plundered.

I should wish to hear that Sir John Cope with the Troups
you mentioned in yours, were marching this side of Dalna-
cardich. I dont see that the Troups we have at present in
the North, can do more than remain in their Garrisons until
more troups are sent. I am quite impatient to hear that the
Government have sent some arms and ammunition to Inver-
ness. I am provided of both much better than you could ex-
pect, but not so well as I wish. I will conveen the people of
this Countrie although it is what I have no power to do, when-
ever I find the Highlanders are marching but I wish to God
I knew who is to act in concert with us, and that would join

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 89

in the defence of everything that is valuable to us, for except
we that mett together at Lethen gett some other assistance we
will soon be in a dismal situation and hardly able to protect
ourselves. I hear a great deal which I dont incline to write
about. Lord Deskford has come north and no accounts of
Lord Findlater's going south. I had a letter from both yester-
day. Deskford writes that Sir John Cope is to be north, and
he thinks him at Fort-Augustus before this time. All this
familie join in kindest Compliments to you & yours

I ever am Dear Lyon Yours etc

Lud. Grant

I hope the Duke of Gordon will soon be north.

From the Provost of Aberdeen to the Lord President, dated from
Aberdeen, 21 August 1745 : —

My Lord

Our town is much alarmed this afternoon by the accounts of
ane invasion and insurrection in the West Highlands, which
we had given us by some Inverness gentlemen passing throw
the Town, two of them being your Lordship's relatives and
having had the honour to wait on your Lordship friday last,
where they had such information as the thing was not to be
doubted of.

As this is ane afair of so great importance, our inhabitants
insisted that I should take the liberty to write your Lordship
about it and to beg you wou,ld let us know what truth is in
the matter and any particular circumstance your Lordship may
think proper to mention, as we have no intelligence from the
Highlands where these commotions have begun.

I hope your Lordship will have the goodness to forgive
this trouble which is of so general concern, and if any thing
can be suggested that's proper or necessary to be done by our
Town for our own safety and the publick good, it will be
mighty obliging to give us a hint, as our Town is most

30 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

sensible of your Lordship's good will and favour on all occa-
sions. I heartily wish a happy peace and a speedy end to
all disorders and commotions and have the honour to be with
great truth and sincerity

My Lord

Your lordship's most faithfull and
most obedient humble servant

James Morison Provost

The President's answer, dated 24 August, is "Culloden Papers,"
GGGGXVII. Correspondence between him and Sir John Cope will be
found in "Culloden Papers" passim. The following (to which
CGCCXVI. is the answer) is dated from Edinburgh, 18 August :--

My Lord

I dont in the least doubt but your Lordship will blame me in
your mind for not having heard from me all this time, first
Occasioned by Expresses day and night Reed, and to be
answered, next the Intelligence varying in Circumstances tho'
in substance the same, that upon the whole I could say no
more than what I knew your Lordship had from Bernera,
Fort-Augustus and your part of the Country.

Bread will be ready by Tuesday next [20th] and tho' I
have been baking at Perth, Sterling, Leith and here, yet
sooner than that it was impossible to get it ready, nor could
our Troops March Northwards without it. They are
encamped, I shall join them at Sterling tomorrow, and hcpe
to March forward on Tuesday.

I have had letters from London with an Account of Arms,
Stores &c being embarked & hope for a Reinforcement of
Troops soon, I must act agreeable to the instructions I have
from thence as near as the Nature of the Service will admit of.
I am in hopes the heads of Clans in our Interest will not
at such a Juncture as this sit still for tho' I do allow that
their Argument is strong, that it is difficult for them to Act
since they were disarmed, yet undoubtedly several of them
have Arms to defend themselves against Robberies in their
Neighbourhood, which surely cannot be made better use of

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 31

than in defence of the Country and their own Property by an
Invader upon both. I have writ to Lord Glenorchy upon this
head and likewise to the Duke of Athol & have proposed to
the Duke of Athol to have some of his men enlisted for 3
months, with assurances of not going out of the Country, that
such men may be Incorporated in our Corps upon the Dresent
occasion, I mean such as have Arms of their own, to bring
along with them. I have writ to Lord Glenorchy to the same
purpose. This my Lord I do as the only Expedient I can
think of at present, but if the Duke of Athol or my Lord Glen-
orchy chuse to be Serviceable in any other Shape, I submit it to
them.

I am with great Respect My Lord,
Your Lordships Most obedt humble Servt.

Jno. Cope.

Cope's suggestion of auxiliaries from the Clans joining him was
backed by the President in letters for the Mackenzie, Grant, and Fraser
Clans ("Culloden Papers," CCLVIIL, CCLIX., CCCCXXL, etc.), but
without much success, more especially in the case of Lovat, whose
answer to the President's letter of 20th August ("Gulloden Papers,"
CCLXI.) is to be found in " Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inver-
ness," Vol. XXVI., article by Rev. C. D. Bentinck, D.D. The follow-
ing, dated from Culloden, 27th August, is addressed to the Magistrates
of Elgin :—

Gentlemen

This morning I received your's of yesterdays date, desiring to
be informed what foundation there may be for the Reports
you have of ane Insurrection in the Highlands, & to be advised
touching your Conduct on this occasion, With respect to the
reports they are so far true, that the Eldest Son of the Pre-
tender, having landed on the West Coast, above 3 weeks ago,
surprised the 2 additional Companies of the Royall, between
Fort Augustus and Fort William, that they have not been joined
by any other of the Clans, who are determined to give all the
assistance they can to the Government, and that Sir John Cope
at the head of a considerable body of Troops was Saturday

32 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

last at night advanced as far as Trinifure in his way to quell
them. This is surely the state of the case at present, which
will naturally lead you to see that your object ought to be by
all means in your power to preserve the Peace and to prevent
your unwary Townsmen & neighbours from playing the fool
and plunging themselves into certain Ruin. I am sensible
you are in no condition to take Arms, but I hope there will be
no occasion for it, only if there be any Quantity of Ammunition
in the hands of individuals in your Burgh, I think you will act
prudently in laying hold of it, and sequestrating it in the securest
place you can to hinder its coming at this juncture into the
hands of fools who may make a bad use of it. I am etc

It is not proposed to reprint Lo vat's correspondence with the President
—space would not permit — but the two following letters (" Culloden
Papers," GCLX. and CGLXII.) suggest that Lovat was at this date
prepared to forget his engagements to the exiled house, were a suffi-
cient reward offered him, and (because Fraser of Gortuleg was reliable)
that he really had difficulty in restraining some of his clan. A supply
of arms would be useful in any event : the times were uncertain, and
the battle of Prestonpans had yet to be fought.

My Dear Lord,

I was so very bad all day yesterday and last night, that I did
not expect to see the light of this day ; so that it was this morn-
ing before I had the honour of your letter put into my hand ;
and I am glad to find, that tho' I be tormented to death with
boils on my body, which makes me feverish and most uneasy,
yet that your Lop is in perfect health, which I wish the Con-
tinuance of ; as should all those that love their Country do,
being more useful and valuable to the Commonwealth than a
thousand like mine.

Since Sir John Cope has such a powerful Army, I hope our
desperate Countrymen will avoid to see him ; but if they are
so mad as to fight, that unfortunate Prince must fall with the
bravest of his adherents most foolishly. I own, I must regrate
my dear Cousin Locheil, who, contrary to his promise to me,
engaged in this mad enterprize ; but if Sir John Cope is beat
(which I think next to impossible), this desperate Prince will

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

be the Occasion of much bloodshed, which I pray God may
avert ; for to have bloodshed in our bowels is a horrible thing
to any man that loves Scotland, or has a good stake in it, as
your Lop and I have. Therefore, I pray God that we may not
have a Civil War in Scotland : this has been my constant wish
since ever I had the use of my reason ; and it shall be the same
while there is breath in me ; so that they must be damnably
ignorant of the principle of my heart and soul, who can
imagine that I would endeavour to promote a Civil War in my
Country.

I do assure you, my dear Lord, that if the King had taken
away my house and a part of my estate without any just ground,
as he did my Company, that I would go and live, tho' most
miserable, in any Country on earth, rather than make a Civil
War in my own Country. I hope this will convince your Lop
that I have always been a declared enemy against this mad
project. Now, my dear Lord, as to what you desire me, of
acquainting all my people to be in readiness, I do assure you
that I did so immediately after coming from Inverness ; but,
to obey your commands, I have sent my Officers this Day with
orders to them to be ready when I shall call for them ; and
I ordered them to make short Coats and hose, and to put aside
their long coats, and to get as many swords and dirks as they
could find out. As to the article of arms, it's needless to talk
of it ; for my men have no arms, and I will never present them
to King or Genl without arms. And your Lop may remember,
that when you spoke to me of that article at Inverness, you
said at last, that I could not shew my men without arms, and
without sufficient orders from the Government ; to which
opinion I told your Lop I would adhere.

And as to my zeal for the Government, I can assure your
Lordship that I have as much as any Lord or laird in Scotland
except your Lop, whose constant, uncommon, and fiery zeal for
this Government, to my certain knowledge, is, and always has
been, without example. But I hope, my Lord, since you have
this day the same power over your old Corporal that you had
in the year 1715, you will make my Court to Sir John Cope

34 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

If I be able to step into my Chariot, I will pay my duty to him
at Inverness or Gulloden, and will beg of your Lop to intro-
duce me to him.

After writing the above, I had an Express from Gortuleg,
and I send your Lordship a copy of his letter enclosed
[CGGGXX.] I think Tarn More seems to be a little frighted.
I will write a strong letter to him tomorrow, to be shewn to
my Strathherick and Abertarf people. But, my dear Lord,
I am in a very terrible situation ; my Country threatened to be
destroyed ; and they have neither Support nor Arms to defend
themselves : and they see all the Clans about them save them-
selves by sending some men to the Highland Camp, and they
only left a sacrifice ; but as it is you that has engaged me to
make an appearance for the Government at this time
(to which I had not an immediate Call, having neither
Post nor Employment from the Government, and not
having been well used, as your Lop knows), I trust
entirely to your true friendship and generosity, that you
will, in the first place, obtain arms for my people
to defend themselves ; and in the second place, that you will
obtain for myself what encouragement your Lop thinks I
deserve, or may deserve, from the Government. I can say
without vanity, that if I was so mad as to be on the other side,
the highlanders would have a much greater number than they
have by this time ; and might, with such a desperate bold
Prince as they have at their head, become more troublesome to
the Government than in the year 1715.

I refer all this to your Lop's generous Consideration ; and I
beg that you may forgive any Blunders that I may have writ
in this letter ; for the pain in my body, and the troublesome
situation of my Country, have almost turned my head ; but what-
ever situation I am in, I shall always remain

Your Lop's most faithful Slave and affectionate Cousin,

Lovat.
Beaufort, 27th Augt 1745.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 35

Gortuleg, 29th Augt 1745.

My Lord,

I wrote to Lord Lovat yesterday Morning from this place ;
wherein I told his Lordship, that I had occasion to see Lochiel,
and some others of that Army, Tuesday, when they lay near
Fort-Augustus ; and gave a true Account of their Number, which
still is not above 2,000 ; and I recommended to Lord Lovat to
let your Lordship know this, and what I then judged was their
resolution.

This morning I am informed, that yesterday they set out
early from Aberchalder, and came, before Seven in the Morn-
ing, to a place called Lagganvane, four Miles from Fort-
Augustus, and at the foot of Gorriyarack ; that then they were
assured of Sir John Cope's marching by Ruthven to Inverness.
That immediately they called a Council of war ; and the resolu-
tion taken was, to pursue General Cope with all Expedition ;
that their whole Army was at Garviemore about 12 oClock ;
& that they were solved to march by Night & by Day until they
came up with their Enemy. I am assured, that their young
forward Leader called for his Highland Gloaths ; and that, at
tying the lachets of his shoes, he solemnly declared, that he
would be up with Mr. Cope before they were unloosed. If
this information holds true, they must certainly have a brush
this day. The people are in top Spirits, and make sure of
Victory in case they meet. Should that happen, I can assure
your Lordship, that they will be troublesome Neighbours for
some time ; for they know their Situation, and they are
Desperate. I am plagued & fatigued by keeping some idle
lightheaded people here in Order ; and I do assure your Lord-
ship, that if the Highland Army remained any time in our
Neighbourhood, that even the Lord Lovat could not get some
of them commanded.

I have the honour to be, with all regard,

My Lord,,
Your Lordship1 s most faithful and obedt Servant,

Tho : Fraser.

P.S. The Bearer is a very honest pretty fellow in whom I
have intire confidence.

36 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Strength of Rebell Army.

A True Account of the Numbers of the Highland Army
Tuesday, 27th Augst 1745.

Lochiel "700

Clanranald, having Men of his Islanders 250

The Stewarts of Appin, commanded by Ardsheal 220

Keappoch . . . 260
Glengarry's Men, including Knoidart, Glenco,

and Glenmoriston 600

2,030

(4) SIR JOHN COPE COMES TO INVERNESS.

" I have lugged along with me about 200 arms, not thinking it
possible to come thro' so many friends country without meeting some
hands to put them into; but not one as yet. I am in great hopes from
Grant and M'Intosh. Cluny has been with me; his men I ordered to
meet me at Garvimore, and first bent my march that way this morning.
I have sent Cluny home this morning to bring his men to me as soon
as possible." So wrote Cope 27th August from Ruthven ("Culloden
Papers," CCCCXXIII.) Mackintosh of Mackintosh, who held a cap-
tain's commission in the Black Watch, had hitherto been employed
further south. He was now with Cope, who informed the President
in the same letter that he was to go off "tomorrow at break of day to his
people." In the matter of assistance from the friends of the Govern-
ment, the situation is summed up by Lord Tweeddale in his letter to the
President of 17th August (" Culloden Papers," CCLIII.)

I am sensible of the want of a legal authority in the Highlands
to call forth the King's friends to action, in case there should be
occasion for them ; but your Lordship will remember the diffi-
culties that occurred about naming Lord Lieutenants of certain
Counties at the Time of the last Invasion, which were the
reasons that prevented any Nomination being made at that
Time.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 37

The President replied to Cope, 28th August. (Idem GCCGXXV.) :—

In my last I acquainted you that I had a letter from MacLeod
of the 22nd from Sky ... in that letter he is extremely
pressing to have arms sent to him and Sir Alexr. MacDonald
by sea ... and if that may not be, he proposes, if he may
have but 200 stand of arms att Inverness for his immediate
protection he will send down so many men to fetch them.
I could not take upon me to dispose of so many of the small
store that is here, not knowing but you might have more
immediate use for them; but I detain'd his messenger untill
I have your orders; & if you think it proper that I should
promise him those arms, I shall direct him to send the men
for them : in the mean time you will think, how far it is
proper or possible, to supply these two Gentlemen, who have
been of vast service to the cause, by sea with arms; and you
will give immediate directions with respect to this last pro-
posall of delivering 200 at Inverness.

In view of the two following letters it is almost inconceivable to
imagine that MacLeod intended to turn such arms as were received by
him against the Government. The second letter is that to which
reference was made by the President in writing to Cope.

My dear Lord

Since my last from Sconsar, I've had a good deal of fatigue,
I hope to some purpose, as to my own people it was easy to
govern them, but I found the Frenzy had seized old Maokinnon
(not our Voter he is in the He of Mull) and has gone to wait
of the Young Adventurer, and swears he will destroy anie of
his people, wont raise and take arms with him. He is not
yett returned, but I think I've putt ane effectual stop to his
getting anie considerable number of his own people to join
him. It is really hard that we are still so destitute of arms,
for were it not that, I could easily take the old man Prisoner,
and keep his People quiet. As to the Poor Glenelg People
they are not only daily robbed but insulted by their Neigh-
bours, who threaten to come and carry them all Prisoners to
their Gamp which surely they may do very easily if they please.
If its possible to get a sudden remedy to this I beg you think

38 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

of it and aply it. The Attacking and taking of the two Com-
panies you will have a more particular account of than I, you
may write by the Post he will take proper care of your Letter.

I am most unalterablie Yours

Normand Macleod.

Scalpay on Mackinnon's Estate Augt 20th 1745

I have mist the Post, Please keep the Bearer, till you gett
your Letter Monday and then dispatch him. Talisker 12 att
night Tuesday [20th August].

Dunvegan Augt 22nd 11 att night
1745.

My dear Lord

Yours of the 19th Willy Muir brought me this afternoon, and
I am glad to hear you are pretty well notwithstanding the
astonished Crowd that are eternallie bussing in your ear, have
you not Gartered Knights &c Prittle Prattle. Sir Alexander
is in Sleat on much the same Errand with mine to Glenelg,
and will return this way when he shall have our common
letters for I opened his directlie.

I have little to add to my last, but that if there's a speedy
way of getting arms here, theirs great use for it (as we are
threatened with an invasion for being quiet) and that Glenelg
in particular is in the way I discribed, and if a 100 or 200
stand can be given me, I would send men for them; though
having them by sea would be the proper and only way, if the
Government were to use our whole Possy; when the message
about the Invading us was delivered me, I said it was easy
to hurt us as we were defenceless, but I did not think it the
road to gett att the Crown of Brittain. I this day had a letter
from old Clanranald, wherein he assures me he will be ruled
by Sir Alexander and me, as to his conduct in this matter,
and in reality not one of his Uist men are stirred, nor now
wont, if he follow our advice or example, and I am prittie sure
he will, as he is under direction of a Brother of his, a very
sensible man whose prudence and direction I can rely on.

May the righteousness of the Father atone for the folly of
the son, who proposed to be my son in law. The only cause

39

for the express is my anxiety about the arms and to be att my
wits end about them I am Intyrlie yours

Normand Macleod.

As people must ride the foord as they find it my letter to
Clanranald is tolerablie quire (sic). Was John Maules house
searched for arms, I've caught at the fancy a good deal. My
Son nor none of his Subalterns are returned from Harris, so
he cant move to Inverness, but how soon ever he getts here,
he goes, which be so good as report, if you chance to see his
Major, we've had some days of very bad and boisterous
weather.

The next letter from MacLeod is dated from Dunvegan, 27th
August :—

My dear Lord

I have little to add to my last except that Sir Alexr is here
returned from Sleat, the Standard was sett up Monday seven-
night & a Declaration published which as its in Print you've
no doubt seen or know. They were about 1500 strong and
marched out of Glenfinnon into Lochiel & propose to pene-
trate as far as Perthshire where they expect a strong possy
to join them, after which they go in quest of Sir John Cope.

Glengarry's people are all in Arms, but had not joined them
the end of last week, and he himself was gone to wait of the
D. of Atholl. I hope for advise; as they are now gott out of
our neighbourhood, you will have earlier and more exact intelli-
gence than we can gett here, so you can expect little instruc-
tion from us, but I hope you will continue the correspondence
for our benefit. They propose for the future to stop or att
least search the Posts from Edinburgh to you and from you
here &c. and are resolved to endeavour to intercept my Son
and his Recruits att anie rate in their way to Inverness, which
a very small number may do as we cannot harm them. He
is not returned from Harris, as the wind has been very high
and quite contrary. The Knight salutes you.

I ever am Yours

Normand Macleod.

40

Cope reached Inverness 29th August, sending the following to the
President early that morning :—

On the march towards Inverness

August 29th : 1745 5 minutes after 9 a clock

My Lord,

I shall halt the men for an hour over against McKintosh's
house and hope to reach Inverness to night till when I can-
not answer any particulars of your Lordship's letter; shall be
glad to consult with your Lordship on my arrival there. I
was just sending off the enclosed as your letter came which
I reed half an hour since. I am, My Lord,

Your Lordships most obedt humble Servant

Jno. Cope.

P.S. — I desire your Lordship will immediately direct the
proper officers to provide either straw or hether for the men's
tents, and firing for the men, we propose to encamp where
Genii Wade encamped 4 regts.

The next letter is from the President, dated from Culloden, 31st
August, 9 in the morning, and finally clears MacLeod from the charge
of coming to Inverness with a view to getting arms out of Cope for
the sinister purpose attributed to him. He was not only invited by
the President to come, but there and then the 200 arms asked for
were reserved, and this after consultation with Cope.—

My Dear Laird

I keepd your messenger from last Monday [26th August] till
now in hopes of having dayly somewhat more certain to tell
you. What I have now to say is that Sir J. Cope with the
troops under his command came to Ins Thursday evening and
ly encamped on the Barnhills opposite to the Castle where
they must remain till bread, which is bakeing, is got ready.
I hear the Highlanders upon his takeing the road by Ruthven
marched up the Coryarig where they resolved to waylay him
& marched to Garvamore intending as they said to follow him
down throw Badenoch and so back to Inverness, but we have
hitherto heard no certain news of them, other than that some

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 41

loose people of them hover in the hills about Strathern, but
whether the main body of them be yet marchd to southward
I do not know. It is reported that Glume has been seized by
them in his house & all the Badenoch men threatend with
fire and sword if they do not join. In a little we shall know
the truth & the effects of these things. Their force when they
passed the Corryarig did not exceed 2000, which I am well
satisfyed is oweing chiefly to you and Sir Alexr. What they
may pick up in Badenoch and [on] their way southward I
cannot tell. I find my neighbours desireous to be quiet, but
I do not perceive that many of them are desireous to take arms
to join the King's troops and thereby to prevent the spread-
ing of this contagion which must end in the ruin of as many
familys as dip in it. What influence my arguments might
have with them if I had you to second them I cannot tell
neither can I certainly say how expedient it may be for you to
leave your Island for a few days, but if no inconvenience is
to result from that, I should be heartyly glad to see you here
for a moment, because things can be settled infinitely better
upon a little conversation than after writing quires of paper.
The ship expected every day with more arms is not yet come
up, but as you propose 200 shall be reserved for you out of
the parcell that is if you will send men to take them and make
use of them for the King's service : if you send them you will
not fail to send proper persons to take the direction of them.
Herewith inclosed you have a couple of letters from Ld.
Loudoun, who expects your son soon. I leave it with your-
self whether you might not come down for a start as governor
to the young gentleman to present him to his post and carry
the infantry I spoke of as your Guard de corps. My affec-
tionate compliments to the Kt. I am dr Laird true,ly Yours
etc.

The following miscellaneous documents belong to this period : —
Fort Augustus, Augt. 28th 1745. 12 oclock at noan.

Dear Nanie

I got safe here last night by five oClock, more afraid than
hurt, for none so much as asked a question on the Road.

42 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

Our news here, is as uncertain as with you, ten lys for
one matter of fact, I give you what I got, and credite it as
you please. The Highlanders to the number of twenty two
hundred as near as we can learn left their old Camp near
Fort William, Monday afternoon upon receiving an Express
from the South of Sir John Cope's motion, they came that night
to Laggan, within 6 miles of this, Yesterday they came for-
ward and were last night at Aberchalder within four miles
of us, and this morning by five oClock they marched aver the
Correarick, in order to meet Sir John. I saw them in two
great bodies Mount the hill this forenoon, by nine oClock.
They have accounts of all Sir John's motions, proceeding last
night, but I am glade to acquaint you that before now we have
accounts of them and I have reason to believe he does not come
this way. They are determined to cut the hills, the short
way and intercept him going to Inverness. Hade they met
him in the Correarick their design was, after they had pre-
vailed, which they assured themselves of, to return here with
what pieces of ordinance they had, wh. are but four field
pieces and two Cohorrels, to attack this place, but if they
missed him, some people say they were to march directly
South, tho others affirm that they are to follow him even as
far as Inverness, before they go South. Last night three
deserters from Sir John, while he lay at Dalwhiny passed
here to the Highland Camp, they give account of his Force
and artillery, and say he has no dragoons. I had a man in
their Camp this morning and the same man and a woman was
there this morning when they marched. They did not come
to the King's Road near the Barracks here, but breasted the
Hill at Aberchalder four miles West, and came to the King's
Road two miles above this, by a Glen they call Glenbuck.
Clanranald has only two hundred joined them, his men in
Uist are not come up or any of the MacLeans but it is thought
they will join them this day as well as a good many from
Ranach and Badenoch. They also expect McDougal of Lorn,
they have McDougal of Morar. The night before last Baris-
dale brought in Sixty very well armed men, every man had a

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 43

target. Locheal mounted guard on his Prince the night
before last at Laggan, as did the Steuarts of Appin last night
at Aberchalder. This day only they enter into pay, all they
had before was victuals.

They Slaughtered twenty cowes last night, and have
carried with them eighty. It is currently reported but I hope
it is false that Lochgarry is with them. They are in great
spirits and all have sworn to conquer or dye. There is a
iimn gone over the Corriarick after them, whatever news he
brings shall send you, or bring it if I find Sir John does not
come this way. What we are most at a loss about to know
is whether they really intend to march South or to follow Sir
John wherever he goes, only the last is the generall received
opinion here.

If you think the reading of this worth My Lord President's
while, pray sent it the moment you receive it, and give our
Governr also a reading of it. The Deserters say Sir John is
but sixteen hundred strong.

I am

Yrs Dun. Grant.

P.S. — At reckoning their men this morning when they
marched, they were no more than two thousand and eighteen
men strong, officers included.

The next is endorsed, "Delnys with list of men," the list being
missing. Alexander Campbell of Delnies was factor to John Campbell
of Cawdor.

My Lord,

Inclosed is the List, your Lordship spoke to me of when
I had the pleasure to see you Wednesday last. There are
several Tenements possesst by people unfit for service, which
I have not mentioned, nor the morgaged Lands\ except four
men out of Budzet in the right of Dr Campbell's son. So far
as I can judge of the people (according to their small assist-
ance) they are well effected to the present constitution of
Government besides the duty they owe their Master whose
intentions I will not pretend to mention to one that's so well
acquainted with them as your Lop. No doubt the army under

44 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Sir John Cope's command, now as I hear encamped near In-
verness, if their stay there is any time, may occasion a
scarcity of Meal, as our harvest was not yet approach 'd so far
as to provide oatmeal. There's a remainder of oatmeal in
my hands, which was contracted for, which the Ship that was
sent by the Mert, would not contain. Its about 150 Bolls, a
8 Stone Amesterdam weight to the Boll. Its no loss to me if
it should lie on hand. John Falconer in Nairn has the dis-
posal of it on the Merts Accot. & I believe would willingly
dispose of it in the Country. I am to be at Nairn this day,
I shall speak to him about it. If I thought at present, I
would take the meal off his hands myself, that it would do a
service to Sir John Cope's army, and tho. I'm not obliged to
carry the Meal further than the Port of Nairn, yet to Sir
John's Service I'll most frankly carry it to Inverness, with-
out costing him a farthing on that account, for I would not
inclyne to take any unjust advantage on account of scarcity. I
am with Respect

My Lord

Your Lops most obedt & most humble Servant

Alexr Campbell.
Calder 30th Augt 1745.

The accounts of the then Treasurer of Inverness show the purchase
from Alexander Campbell of Delnies of 200 bolls of meal on account of
the scarcity threatened from the apprehended rebellion.

The next is the enclosure referred to by Lord Findlater and Sea-
field in his letter to the President of 2nd September ("Culloden
Papers," CCCCXXIX), and serves as a good example of the reports
spread broadcast.

My Lord

Least Your Lop. has not heard it, We thought it our duty to
acquaint by the Bearer, that this morning one Capt. Rogers
Express sent by Generall Cope in an open boat came here, not
thinking it safe to travaile by Land, how soon he arrived
here he sett forward with three horses on his journey. The
Officer said he left Genl. Cope yesterday morning, who the

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 45

Master of the boat sayes lay encamped under the Gannon of
Inverness, 2000 Strong, and that the Highland Army were
5500, had taken the Road thro' Lovats Country, and were
within six miles of Inverness. As times are quite jumbled,
we judge it our duty to assure Your Lopp. that we shall most
readily obey in Person Any Commands You are pleased to
give us. That all happiness may attend Your Lopp. Lord
Deskford and My Lady Countess is our earnest desire.
We are with greatest respect

My Lord
Your Lopps Most Obedt & Most faithful Servants

John Ogilvie, Willm Ogilvie.
Banff Sept 2nd
1745.

In "Culloden Papers" (CCCCXIX.) will be found a letter from
Sergeant Terence Mulloy. It was probably addressed to the same
person as the following, which describes what happened at Ruthven
on Cope's departure for Inverness.

To the Honourable Col. Martin Bladen at the Plantation
Office, near Whitehall, London.

Ruthven Redoubt

Sept. 7th 1745.
Dear Cousin Griffin,

I send you the enclosed letter unsealed which will inform you
all the news I have to send, after you peruse it send it away
under cover forthwith without delay, make my complements
to your fireside from your

Affte Cousin and most Humble

Servant Ter : Mulloy.

P.S. — If you have any letters for me keep them by you
until you hear from me.

To the Rev. Archdeacon Michael Davise at Youghall,
Ireland.

Sir.

As the Posts are interrupted by the Enemy, had no oppor-
tunity to send you the former part of this Letter, but have as
you'll find more to say now. Upon the 28th August, Oenerall

46 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Cope encamped here in a Cornfield, with only 23 Comp. of
Foot and some Artillery, so that my account in the former is
not right, as to the Forces. The General lodged in this Re-
doubt all night, in the morning drew off the Company, that
lay here, except your humble servant, one corpl and 12 men,
which was for a guard left here, the enemy which was upon
their march to meet the General, at a place very advantageous
to them, he thought proper to take another Road, northward
to Inverness, where I shall leave him in Camp, and so avoided
giving them Battle. The Enemy being encouraged by the
General declining engaging them, marched dowitily southward,
and on the 29th encamped within 8 miles of me, at which
time there were sent thither 400 Highlanders, under the com-
mand of a Lieut Colonel, Brother to Logheal. They con-
continued in the village about 500 ,yards distance from my
Redoubt, for about 4 hours until they refreshed, and took all
the view they could take at that distance. They lodged in a
cornfield all the while unperceivable by me. About 6 o'clock
at evening they made a faint march from the village about 2
miles distance, towards their own Camp. I forgot to mention
in the proper place that they had sent me proposal, to surrender
to them, on condition to march off bag and baggage, and be
escorted to the precincts of the English Camp. I made answer,
that I was too old a soldier to surrender a Garrison, without
first seeing some bloody noses, the Grandee went off with a
vast deal of threats. About 12 o'clock they returned and
attacked me, front and rear, with about 200 men (by my infor-
mation) and the remainder lay by for reserve, in short they
kept me, and my smaU number of men in action for about 4
hours. About 4 in the morning they thought proper to draw
off shamefully, with the loss of 6 men killed and three mortally
wounded, and by my information many more slightly wounded,
and had they shewed themselves I would have killed most of
them, but they were favoured by the Garden Wall which
belongs to the redoubt (which I levelled low since) and a
stable which is within 25 yards of my walls, wherein they
crowded fast enough and which favoured their retreat. About

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 47

8 o'Glock their Lieut. Colonel sent to me, that he wanted to
parley with me, accordingly I gave my honour, that he may
come and any one other gentleman within 10 yards of my walls
unarmed, and I would hear what they had to say, they proposed
conditions I refused, they begged leave to carry off their dead
to bury them, which I granted, after I had got their arms.
They marched off at 10 o Clock to their Camp, and am well in-
formed their Prince, would not look upon them, but blamed
them for their conduct, thus I opened the campaigne, and I drew
the first blood. [Letter here torn and stained.] I
am still here with plenty of everything that is neces-
sary, the Lord only knows how I shall get out of this
place or when. I cannot correspond with none, nor have no
communication with or from the Army. The throng of the
enemy, is about 50 miles from me, the people are friendly yet,
until they find how the scale will turn. The Enemy is at
Peerth. Sir John Cope decamped from Inverness last Wednes-
day in order to pursue the enemy. So that we will soon have
an action. He ordered the several Adjutants, to publish my
small conduct here, at the head of each regiment, that I am
to be rewarded with a commission. Our own army is at least
50 miles distant from me, on their march to meet the enemy.
Adieu. I hope to have the pleasure to see you once more.

(5) SIR JOHN COPE GOES SOUTH.

On 4th September the Commander-in-Chief left Inverness, marching
towards Aberdeen. That he ever came so far north was a strategic
error for which he cannot be entirely blamed (See "Culloden Papers,"
CCLXIV., CCCCXVIII., CCCCXXX.). The consequences, too, might
have been far less serious if an immediate effort had been made to
secure the South of Scotland and North of England, as the President
advised the Government at this time (State Papers, Scotland, P.R.O.)

From the President to MacLeod, dated from Culloden, Thursday, 5th
September 1745.

My dear Laird

My last of Saturday's date [31st] I presume you received, your
post has waited till now for the last Mundays [2nd] Inverness

48 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

post, who came in this morning, stript of his bag & of every
paper. He was detained at Blair till tuesday afternoon [3rd]
nor did the Highland Army leave that place till tuesday morn-
ing, which is but indifferent evidence of the accession of
strength they met with on their march. I am assured so as
to believe it that, instead of incressing, their numbers when
they left Blair did not exceed 1800, they talk of being to be
joined by thousands from Athol, Renoch and Bramar etc but
put off the term till the end of this week or beginning of the
next; but P. Macglashan, Com. Bisset etc from Blair send me
word they will be mistaken. The D. of Atholl left his house
open at Blair where his brother and the young adventurer were
entertained [30 August]. I presume the like will happen at
Dunkeld, all the passes by which intelligence could come are
stopt by the industry as I'me told of Glenbucket, who is gone
down to the head of Banfshire & Aberdeenshire to try vrhat
forces he can muster. Our latest advices from London say they
are in no apprehension of ane invasion having caused look in
to the French & Spanish posts. Sir John Cope left this yester-
day morning [4th] with the Troops under his command in his
way south by the low road, as it was in the Highlanders power
to retard his march by marring roads, breaking bridges etc.
He has carried some of the Highland Gompys with about 200
Monroes alongst with him to scour the ground of either side
of his march. Macintosh and his Compy remain with us as
do likewise some incompleat Gompys of Loudouns. I have
some faint hopes that I shall see you soon in consequence of
the advice I gave you in my last. If not you shall hear from
me by your post that is comeing on. My love to the Knight.
I am afftly Yours etc.

Glunie is a prisoner. I have heard from himself.

Gluny's letter has unfortunately not been found. On 6th Septem-
ber Cope was at Elgin, whence the following is dated.

My Lord

The inclosed was writ as soon as I got of my horse yesterday,
but the bearer was not to be found till this morning. I send
your Lordship a letter to me from Lord Reay which I beg your

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 49

Lordship to answer for me. I had last night a very civil
message from the Dutchess of Gordon, desiring my dining and
lying at Gordon Castle this night. The Dutchess writes word
the Duke is gone to make visits in the neighbourhood of Aber-
deen etc. The Glasgow packet contained but one letter to
Gaulfield to desire he would send news to Glasgow. I paid
the person who brought them 4 guineas as by agreement. I
send the Inverness post with a small note to Sterling, as he
is willing to undertake it.

I am in haste
You'r Lordship's most obedient

Jno Cope.
Elgin 6th Sept. 1745

From Lord Reay to Sir John Cope, dated from Tongue, 2nd September.

Sir

I got just now your message, by Major Mackay, was I as near
you as some of the King's Friends, for as old and goutish as I
am, I had been with you e'er now, at the head of my men.
This Country is of a considerable extent, and the places of the
peoples Residence, at great distance from the other. Besides
its about Sixty miles from Inverness, and three arms of the
sea to cross, which will excuse my not sending you some assist-
ance, so soon as I would wish. Meantime I shall with all
possible diligence see to conveen Two companys of good men
from about sixty to seventy each, to be sent you with one of
my Sons at their head, along with what men the Earl of
Sutherland is to send you, and for your acquainting me in
return to this, when you'll want them, He march them immedi-
ately and acquaint you, what day they be at Dornoch, with
their precise numbers, so as you may have arms and cartridge
boxes with ammunition to meet them ; with what provisions
will bring them from thence to Inverness, for none can be
got for money by the way. I must send sheep and cowes
with them, to maintain them till they arrive at Dornoch. The
long disuse of wearing arms, has been the occasion, that we
have few is North [sic.]. I'le need about 200 stand of Arms,

H

50 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

over and above what the two companies will require, in order
to defend my property, for I'm not free of suspicion of some of
my neighbours, and I have been warned by some who wish me
well to be on my guard in that respect, which please keep to
yourself. This with the great scarcity of bread, our Harvest
being just at hand, with what men I have given to my Son
Sandie, occasions my intending so small a number to be sent
you, at present, but if there should be a straite as God forbid,
He risk my all to support his Majesty and Government.

Sir

Your most obedient

Most humble Servant

Reay.

From the President to Lord Reay, dated from Inverness, 7th September.

My Lord

As Sir John Cope marcht from hence Wednesday morning, and
had in his march a thousand things to direct and take care of,
he transmitted to me your Lops letter of the 2d with a request
that I would make the best excuse I could for his not writing
and let your Lop know as well as I could how our affaires
stand. The first I have already done ["Culloden Papers,"
GGGGXXXI.] and as to the other, all I can tell your Lop is
that Sir John past the Spey yesterday [6th] on his way to Aber-
deen and so on southward, that the rebells did not leave Blair
sooner than Tuesday morning last [3rd], that their numbers
instead of increasing have been rather diminishing, nobody of
any consequence haveing joyned them be for they left Blair,
tho they talkt of multitudes that were to dip in their crimes
the end of this or the beginning of the next week. As the
scene of action is thus at present removed from us, tho none
can tell how long, it gives some time to breathe and to waite for
the arms, which the Marques of Twedale in a letter to me
of the 17 of August ["Gulloden Papers," GGLIII.] gave us
reason to expect. So soon as these come and as ther is the best
prospect of doing good with them, your Lop may expect to
hear from me for tho I am no more than a volunteer, as your

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 51

Lop is, yet I am in my heart as your Lop is the same man that
I was 30 years agoe. In the mean time I am hopeful! your
Lop will keep your people disposed that they may get together
on the shortest warning when arms come and when occasion
shall require, Major Mackay will tell you more.

I am very faithfully, My Ld, Yours

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Dunvegan, 3rd September
1745.

My dear Lord

Yours of the 26th ulto I gott Friday [30th August], & lookt or
now to have had an account either from you or Knoydart (where
I still have some Friends wise enough to be quiet) of an action
twixt the two armies. As Sir John Cope was a good way
into Badenoch Tuesday [27th] & the Highlanders (not above 3000
strong and not very well armed) that day at Aberchalder, so
that they could easily meet either Wednesday afternoon or
Thursday morning, as the Highlanders gave out, they intended
to go in quest of him, & I believe from the Notion I have of
that part of the Country, it was in their power either to meet
him or shun him, Certain it is, the Highlanders must either
penetrate further or disperse, because they can't subsist anie
time, where they then were, & I do not know how much they
may be incensed with Lovat, he takes no notice of it to me,
but I've pritty certain intelligence, they threaten distruction
to this part of the World whether they succeed or not, so that
it will be absolutely necessary to arm us tolerably (to enable
us to Preserve ourselves), tho. the Government should have no
occasion for our service, which I hope and think may be the
case. Sir Alexander has had a second tour of fatigue amongst
a few fools, but his dilegence was made all right. The others
I formerlie mentioned are still quiet.

Old Scotus [Angus MacDonald] has kept at home, with
the People on his fell in Knodart, though threatened with fire
and destruction by very near relations of his own; were it not
proper he had some kind of protection to distinguish him from
the herd in case anie distress is to be brought by our Ships or

52 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

otherwise on these parts, and a pass for the old Gentleman
to go about his lawfull affairs; if it is, be so good as procure
it, & send it me, as all my intelligence has been throu that
Ghannell. Be sure I long to hear from you, and that I am
with unalterable Friendship, Intyrlie Yours

Normand Macleod.

The following is addressed to "His Grace The Duke of Argyll,"
and is dated from Dunvegan, 3rd September 1745.

My Lord

I had the honour of your letter of the 19th ult, a few days
ago, I hope this will find your Grace in Perfect health
safely arrived att London. As Sir John Cope was within a
few days March of the Highlanders Tuesday last, Its more than
probable he has corrected them for their rashness & folly, tho
no account has yet got here of any action, they were not then
above 3000 strong. No wonder they have an odd opinion of
us in England, but its lucky Your Grace is there to represent
what is true, that the far greatest and most powerful part of
the Highlanders, not only behave as good subjects, but are
ready to assist the Government to the outmost of their power.

If they inclined to employ them I shall be Proud to receive
and obey your Graces Commands, as I am with the greatest
attachment & regard

Your Graces
Much obliged & humble Servant

Normand Macleod.

The letter, to which tho above is the answer, is at Dunvegan, and is dated
19th August 1745. The Duke regretted the commotions, and believed
the English army in Flanders ready to come over, adding, " I need not
pretend to give you any advice at such a distance. Your own good sense
will suggest better than I can offer you."

From the President to Sir John Cope, dated from Culloden, 8th
September, 10 at night.

Dear Sir

I have received 2 letters from you since I had the honour of
seeing you, the one from Brodie house, the other from Elgin

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 53

of the 6th, and I have had the satisfaction to hear that you
crossed the Spey with safety, the afternoon of the date of the
last. As I heard nothing worth troubling you with I deferred
writing to you till this time, and I should not even now send
you this despatch, were it not to let you know that every thing
is hitherto quiet, amongst us, and that Captn Mackays Com-
pany, which came to Inverness late Saturday's evening, have
this day received their arms, and having looked out for a few
necessarys are to march towards you tomorrow's morning.
The Gaptn proposes in 4 days to reach Aberdeen with his
company, if no superior force (which so far as we know there
is no reason to apprehend) meet him by the way. I imagine
he will overtake you there, but should you find things so ready
at that port as to enable you to follow your intentions before
he arrive, I doubt not that you will return to him the proper
directions, which is one of the chief ends of letting you know
this by express, that he is to be tomorrow in march, and when
you may expect him. Neither Sutherland's nor Macleod's
Gompys are yet come up. If they do not come soon, I shall
hardly advise them to follow you, unless I shall hear from you
what shall determine to give such advice. I have executed your
commands in answering Lord Reay's letter and have told him
that when arms come and when there shall be occasion, I shall
give him notice, commending his zeall as he deserves. It has
been reported here with circumstances, that render it credible,
that John Roy Stewart, a person you have heard of, has been
in this country solliciting succoure; he is said to have come to
it last Thursday [5th] and to have gone away again, but I can-
not with certainty say whether it is so or not. The courier that
carried your dispatches left Friday morning was 7 night is not
yet returned, so that I cannot tell whether he got forward to
Edr or not. Supposing him to be seized if that has hapned
only in his return, it is of no great consequence. A ship that
arrived yesterday morning in our road from London brings no
news, as her passage was slow, but she says she parted off
the mouth of the Forth with a Leith ship that had 5 or 6000
stand of arms on board from the Tower for Leith. After you

54 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

get thither I am in hopes we shall see some of them, tho with-
out money or credite I do not very well see what is to be done
with them. As this, if it comes at all to your hands will find
you at Aberdeen I hope you will have leisure to give me your
further commands and to let me hear what is fit to be known.
At present I can do no more than guess, Loudoun will write if
you order him. I am D.S.

Very faithfully Yours etc

The following detached postscript may possibly belong to the above
letter. Lord George Murray joined the Prince at Perth, which he
reached 4th September. More appears later concerning Mackenzie of
Fairburn.

P.S. — Since writing Mr Mackenzie of Fairburn, who de-
livered you a letter from me at Trinnifur is come to me hither;
he slept Edr last Wednesday, where the 5 companys of Lees
from Berwick were expected that night. He lay Thursdays
night at Grief where he saw Ld Perth at the head of men who
were said to be 800. He met on his way from thence to Trin-
nifur 300 Macgregors and as many of Strowans people. It
was given out that 1200 Atholl men were gathered and what
is of all things to me the most surprising that Lord George
Murray had put himself at their head, and had given to him
command of all the Highlanders, untill Earl MarishaU, who is
expected, arrives. The story of Lord George, how incredible
soever it may appear, the gentleman tells with such circum-
stances that I doubt it is true. He says that Lord Airly is said
to have gathered some hundred Highlanders and to have got
together 3 or 400 horse, that Glenorchie has left Taymouth and
that his men have got to [word undecipherable] under Camp-
bell of Glenlyon, and he says further that all the Passes are
guarded; he further says that at Edinburgh last Wednesday
they believed that 6000 Dutch were to be embarked, 4000 for Eng-
land and 2000 for Scotland. This is bad news but I thought
it necessary to attempt giving you notice of it. I wish it may
reach you. 11 at night.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 55

Captain Alexander Mackay's company of Loudoun's regiment marched
from Inverness to join Cope on Monday, 9th September. He was son
of Lord Reay, and was taken prisoner at Prestonpans. On the same day,
Captain John Sutherland of Forss arrived at Inverness with 54 men, and
Captain John Macleod, younger of Macleod, with his company complete,
on Tuesday, 10th September. (" Culloden Papers," CCCCXL.). Inver-
ness was then as incapable of defence as it had been on 20th August.
(Idem CCCCVII.).

From Sir John Cope to the President, dated from Cullen, 8th Sept.
1745, Morning.

My Lord

The Bearer of this can intorm your Lordship of more than I
can say, I had a Letter from General Guest the 3rd Inst, which
says very little more than wishing me with Dragoons. I have
received but that one single Letter from the South since I saw
your Lop. A merchant tells me his Correspondent at Edin-
burgh of the 2nd Inst. writes him that all the Boats and Vessels
in the firth, are brought over to the South side except two Ferry
Boats, but as General Guest does not mention it to me, I doubt
they do not yet think as your Lop and I do of this affair. I
have sent Colonel Whiteford to Aberdeen. I shall get on as
fast as I can but not without difflcultys. Your Lop. shall
hear from me when opportunity offers. Various are the
Reports on the Enemy, which the Bearer will inform you on.

I am with great Truth
Your Lops Most Obedt humble Servt

Jno. Cope

Lord Loudoun desires his Compliments to your Lordship.

(6) THE BLANK COMMISSIONS.

" The Earl of Stair has proposed that a number of blank commis-
sions be sent down to be distributed among the well-affected clans as
your Lordship shall think proper. This I heartily seconded, as I know
your Lordship will make a right use of this mark of his Majesty's con-
fidence." So wrote Lord Tweeddale, 4th September ("Culloden
Papers, CCLXV.) No higher compliment could have been paid by the
Government.

56 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

From Sir John Cope to the President, dated [10 September].

My Lord

On my march hither I reed, by express a letter from the Mar-
quis of Tweeddale of the 4th inst., with a large packet for your
Lordship. I must observe to your Lordship that the seals of
the Marquis of Tweeddale were all broke as your Lordship sees
them before they came to my hands, tho one remaining came
intire to me and I send it [to] your Lordship. The Marquis
tells me that he has sent your Lordship a number of blank
commissions to be dispos'd of to the well affected clans as you
shall think most proper for the publick service at this juncture,
that part of them may go & live at discretion in the country the
Rebels shall leave or if it shall be thought necessary the whole or
part may march with you wherever the service may require.
I am sure they could not be put into better hands.

I shall be very glad of keeping these Highlanders with me
or having a reinforcement with me as your Lordship shall judge
most conducive to the service. I likewise send your Lordship
two letiers which came to me by the same messenger that
brought the packet. I shall be able to reach Aberdeen to-
morrow and then must take my measures as circumstances arise.

As the Monroes are the first people who have taken arms
upon this occasion I submit it to your Lordship's consideration
whither or no it may not be for his Majestie's service to show
them a mark of your Lordship's favour.

I am with great Respect
Your Lordship's most obedient humble Servt

Jno. Cope

From Lord Loudoun to the President, dated from Old Meldrum, 10th
Sept. 1745.

My dear Lord

I had a letter from Lord Stair this morning, and another on
the march in last of which he makes complements to ;your
Lop. and in the last he says he has writ to you but I dont see

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 57

the letter in the Packet, I dont know by what means it has
been left out, I have no news to tell your Lop, but that all the
things ordered at Aberdeen will be ready for us tomorrow when
we arrive

What I principally give you this trouble for is to recommend
my friends the Monroes who are come along with us and have
behaved themselves very well for which purpose I send you a
list of their names, I really think you cannot get so many of
these Commissions in better parts, if you cannot give me the
whole I beg they may have part for which I shall think my-
self very much obliged to you. If you agree to this and dis-
patch a Messenger immediately we may take them along with
us, where they will be of great use. You know how much I
am employed, and will pardon this abrupt ending from me,
who is with great esteem and friendship

My Lord
Your Lordships Most obedient humble Servant

Loudoun.
To The Lord President.

The packet containing the blank commissions reached Culloden
13th September (" Culloden Papers," CCCCXLL), having been forwarded
from Edinburgh.

From the Lord Advocate to the Lord President, dated from Edinburgh
8th September 1745.

My Lord,

This serves Chiefly to accompany the enclosed which came to
my Hand this Morning by Express, dispatched from London
the 4th Current, and it was intended that Blank Commissions
for Raising Twenty Independent Companys in the Highlands,
to be disposed of and filled up as your Lop. should judge
proper, and to be employed for his Majesty's Service in the
Present juncture, as your Lordship and Sir John Cope should
think most expedient.

But Andrew Mitchell informs me, that it was so late ere
the Commissions were made out, that they could not pass at
the Stamp Office, but said they would be dispatched next day

58 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

and desired me to delay sending the express to you, till they
should arrive. And as I had prepared a vessel to carry the
express to Aberdeen I write you this even before they arrive,
that the Express may not be delayed one moment after they
come.

As his Majesty hath been pleased to leave this whole
measure to your Lop's direction, it would be very improper for
me to interpose. I have no friend to recommend and I have
no knowledge of the Highlands, but what I have from yourself.
Yet I hope you'll forgive, what you have formerly mentioned as
proper, on such an occasion least it may escape you. You'll
remember you once mentioned Culdares last Summer, and I
know he would then have accepted, and I dont know if he has
changed his sentiments, and he has a son a pritty young fellow
an Ensign in the Dutch Service, whom you may have in your
eye. I will also mention Lord MacLeod, it was taken amiss, he
was not provided in the Earl of Loudons Regiment, by some
friends of yours whom I need not name. I will only add Sir
Alexander Mackenzie of Coul.

The Election of the Emperor was fixed for Monday last
the 2nd, and it was thought it would fall on the Duke of
Tuscany. I have the honour to be with great truth and esteem

My Lord
Your Lop's most faithful Humble Servant

Rob. Craigie
Lord President.

Edinburgh, 9th September 1745.

P.S. The Commissions are just arrived and I herewith
send you them.

The Highlanders at Perth according to our best accounts
do not exceed 3000 — and many of those but badly armed. They
wait there till they are joined by the Atholl Men, Lord Ogilvie's
Men, and the Duke of Perth's, whom their Respective Masters
are raising with great Difficulty. Detachments are gone to
Dundee and Coupar on Saturday the 7th in quest of arms.

I am yours

Rob. Graigie

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 59

Some of the outer seals of your Pacquet were opened, before
they came to my hand, I have not had time to inquire by whom,
or by what accident.

Meanwhile MacLeod had arrived at Gulloden on Tuesday
evening, 10th September, with his son. "I have great assist-
ance at present from MacLeod, who at my desire came from the Isle of
Sky, alongst with his son, and is now my fellow-labourer; what we
aim at is, to league for our mutual! defence; & in case we are supply'd
with the arms and credit, or the money expected, to try what may be
done to put the most speedy end to the present commotion." (" Culloden
Papers," GGGGXL.).

With regard to arms and credit, Lord Tweeddale had written, 17th
August (" Gulloden Papers," CCLII.).

Arms are already ordered to Inverness, and a Credit is sent to
Sir John Cope. When I mentioned the expediency of supply-
ing your Lordship with money for procuring Intelligence, and
other Services to the Government, Mr Fein-am assured me, that
whatever Sums you advanced he would certainly repay ; I hope,
therefore, your Lordship will have no difficulty on this head.

The Lord President had very great difficulties on both these heads. The
following was written by him to Lord Tweeddale, 3rd October (" Gul-
loden Papers," GGGGLVIL).

It may, my Lord, unless you have got my former letters,
be surprising to you, that under the favour of the credite which
your Lop acquaints me I have upon Mr Pelham & the Pay-
master Genii, no money can be raised ; but that surprise will
cease when you are told, that bank notes are not, by reason of
the present commotion, current ; that the little coin that is, is
lock'd up ; so that the man of best credit in this country cannot
command a shilling ; that bills on Edr or London are of no
value ; partly, as no payments are made at Edr ; & partly, as
there is no secure method of correspondence with either of flie
places ; & this matter is now gone so far, that the bills which
the Major of Ld Loudoun's Regt has drawn on Edr for the sub-

60 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

sistence of some of the new compys of that regt now at Inver-
ness, have return'd protested ; so that these companys are in
imminent danger of being obliged to disband for want of pay,
which they have at present on the private credite of their
officers ; & how many days that resource may last I cannot say,
tho' I have offer'd to support the private credite of these officers
with the additional security of mine. And now, my Lord,
give me leave to express my very great concern, that so fine a
game as has been in our hands should be in danger of being
lost, for lack of the supply I have so often mention' d, which
might have been very easily sent, & which may still be of very
great service, if it come before it is too late. To me, it seem'd
to be of vast consequence, to keep out of the rebellion a greater
body of men than those who are hitherto engaged in it ; & that
I think would certainly have happened, had the supply expected
come in due time. It is at present doubtfull whether numbers
may not play the fool ; but I am still confident, that if this
arrives quickly to your Lop's hands, & the necessary orders are
without loss of time given upon it, we shall be able still to do
good, by preventing a great deal of the mischief that is to be
apprehended. It is almost unnecessary to mention to your Lop,
what will naturally occurr to yourself, that we can now have
no supply of arms from the castle of Edr, so long as the town
is in the possession of the Highlanders ; & that arms therefor,
if we have any quickly, must come from the Tower. The
necessity of sending us arms I have mentioned often, because
without them the well-affected, who have none, can make no
figure. I am hopefull they will be speedily sent us ; but the
vessel with money & credit, if any such is to be sent, ought not
to wait ane hour for that which may carry the arms, because if
we had the money we could bring our troops together to receive
arms, which might arrive some days later. Besides that, we
have seven or eight hundred stand of arms at Fort George,
which might be put in the hands of our companys as they might
successively arrive.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 61

It was at this time extremely difficult to obtain even a hearing from the
Government. Andrew Mitchell could write, 2nd October (" Gulloden
Papers," GCLXXIV.)

Every body here is sensible of what service your Lop's
presence has been in the North. Your influence has prevented
many from rising ; and if, notwithstanding the present unhappy
situation of Affairs, your Lop shall be able to raise the Inde-
pendent Companies, so as to act before the Arrival of the
Troops, you will have done the most essential service to the
Government that has in my memory been performed by any
subject.

I need not mention to your Lop the unfortunate situation
of this Country ; a divided and a diffident Ministry ; the rage of
Party still so strong, that they are more animated against each
other than against the common enemy.

Your Lop must be sensible that the late mark you have had
of his Majesty's confidence has already occasioned some reflec-
tions from a quarter, that I believe wou'd rejoice if you was
not able to raise one man ; but I hope your Lop's prudence,
interest, and address, will be superiour to all difficulties, & at
last confound the malicious schemes of those who wish well to
themselves only. .......

The President accepted the " burden of disposeing the commissions " un-
willingly but of necessity.

. . . it is my present purpose to distribute such of these
commissions as I shall give out among those clans who, on occa-
sion of the last rebellion, showed their adherence to the pro-
testarit interest; without neglecting such other clans, as, tho'
adversary at that time have on this occasion behav'd them-
selves well beyond the expectation of most people, and there^
by very much provok'd the rebells, from whom they withhold
two thirds of the force which they flatter'd themselves they
could carry from the North Highlands.

62 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Under these circumstances he ventured to suggest that the reserving
of three companies for the Munroes would be somewhat out of propor-
tion, in spite of their having actually been first in the field. ("Gulloden
Papers," GGCGXLI. and GGCGXLIL).

From the Magistrates of Elgin to the President, dated 16th September
1745.

My Lord

After sincerely acknowledging our obligations to your Lord-
ship for your favours of the 27th last, in return to our express,
and heartily wishing good success to your endeavours for the
Publick Safety, We are obliged of new, to give you this
trouble per Express, to show Your Lordship, that we and all
the well affected part of this Town, are in great Danger of
being surprised by Glenbucket and fiis men, who are said to
be about 200 dispersed all along the Country about Strathbogie,
pressing men and money for the Highland Army.

As we wrote your Lordship formerly this place is utterly
destitute of arms, and though we had them, the whole of the
place is not to be trusted with them . Therefore being informed
that Several Gompanys of the new levied Regiment lie at Inver-
ness, We earnestly entreat your Lordship may procure a Com-
pany or two, to come and lie at Elgin, for some time for our
Defence against the Insults and Depredations we have just
cause to fear from Glenbucket's men, who design to visit this
place. As a Company or so of armed men would very much
animate the inhabitants, who are under a great Damp at
present, it would likewise be a fresh instance of your affec-
tionate care for the Safety of this place and a lasting obligation
upon

My Lord

Your Lordships Most obedient and humble Servants
The Magistrates of Elgin

James Stephen
Rob. Duff
John Laing
Rob. Allan

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 63

The President's reply is "Culloden Papers," CCCGXLVL, intimat-
ing that in a few days there would be a sufficient force to protect those
loyal to the Government.

The actual disposal of the commissions was one of very great deli-
cacy, but little time was lost by the President in making arrangements
or endeavouring to do so. As MacLeod was then with him, the com-
panies being or to be raised by him and Sir Alexander MacDonald could
be personally discussed. A letter preserved at Dunvegan is, however, of
great interest in this respect. Highlanders no longer desired to fight each
other, and this difficulty was infinitely less with the recruiting agents of
the Jacobites than with those loyal to the Government. The letter is
from Sir Alexander MacDonald to MacLeod, dated from Mugstot, 23rd
September 1745. After stating that his gentlemen felt a delicacy in
coming out to hunt down friends and relations, he goes on to say —

No man need be surprised that they rumbled their relations in
their noddles for a time. However thinking they will not be
set to that work they have come forward now. MacDonald
Kirkibost is to be Captain, Allan, Kingsborrow's son, Lieutenant,
Donald Roy, Ensign. I need not tell you the difficulty of
recruiting 100 men. Scarcity of bread forced away several in
the Spring to the Dutch service and the men here are almost
as fond of the young gentleman as their wives and daughters
are. Money is urgently needed. A sloop from Glasgow says
the Highlanders are there levying contributions.

From Sir Alexander MacDonald to the President, dated from Mugstot,
24th September ("Culloden Papers," CCGCLIII.)-

My Lord,

By a vessel from Kintyre, I find the Highlanders were at Glas-
gow eight days ago ; they have demanded fifteen thousand
pounds of that town. No certainty of their numbers ; & no word
of the Dutch being actually landed, which the people who
retired to Kintyre from Glasgow sho'd have known, had they
landed any where, five days before their retreat. I have wrote
to the Laird, how the commissions are to be filled up : he knows
the Gentlemen. It will occur to your Lordship, that the pay
of the officers, I mean such of them as never served before, sho'd

64 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

be lotted for ; & I take it for granted it will be done. It is quite
impossible to raise the men without money, unless it was to
follow myself. It is not surpriseing that they are somewhat
agog about the adventure of their brother Highlanders ; but all
care is taken not to encourage their foolish actions. I look'd at
the men of this part of the island in parcells, told them, in
troublesome times, they ought to be in all readiness possible to
do for themselves ; & that I did not know how soon the King-
might demand a levy of men. I expect your Lordship will let
me know what levy money the Captains are to have. I refer to
the Laird's epistle ; being in the state your Lordship is, not very
well, but resolved to mend, as I hope you have already done.

I am, with the usual attachment,
My dr Lord, yours,

Alexr Macdonald.

To Lord Sutherland the President wrote, 17th September, offering one
company and asking him to name the officers (" Gulloden Papers,"
GGCCXLV.).

From the Earl of Sutherland to the President, dated from Dunrobin,
2ist September 1745.

My Lord

As my friends were at a distance from this place, I was to name
Officers of the independing (sic) Company of an hundred men,
that you have recommended to me, could not write to you
sooner till I commune with them. I have pitched on such
Gentlemen for whose honesty and faithfulness I can promise
namely Alexander Gun Esqre Captain, John Gordon Esqre
Lieutenant and Kenneth Sutherland Ensign, and how soon
orders for them appears I will recommend to them the outmost
Diligence. My Zeal for his Majesty's Service He still stand by,
I am My Lord

Yor Lop. most obedient humble Servant

Sutherland

I hope your Lop will excuse a borrowed hand being
troubled with a sore head.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 65

My Lord

After writing the enclosed, I had a letter from a Cousin an
Kinsman of mine at London, Patrick Sutherland, Kinminty's
Brother who is Captain Lieutenant in General Oglelthorpe's
Regiment in Georgia, and who has distinguished himself re-
markably in his Majesty's Service already He expects of me
and I would very much incline to get him promoted, at this
time to a Company on the British Establishment. My Lord
Stair to whom he has been very well recommended, told him
that I would have it [in] my power at this time to provide for
severals of my Friends, and this made him depend on im-
mediate advancement as his Service deserved, and if your Lop
has reserved any room, I would take it very kindly that Mr
Sutherland got one of the Independent Companys, now to be
raised, and tho' he cannot be in the Country, sooner than twenty
days, His Friends assure me and I will concur to have his
Company compleat as soon as is necessary. If your Lop has
any acquaintance of General Oglethorpe he will tell you how
deserving a man Mr Sutherland is. I am My Lord

Your Lop. most obedient humble servant

Sutherland

From the President to the Earl of Sutherland, dated 21st September
1745.

My Lord

I have just received the honour of your Lops letter of this day's
date, recommending Alexr. Gun, John Gordon and Keneth
Sutherland to be Captn, Lieut, and Ensign of ane Independant
Compy : their names shall be filled up accordingly & their com-
missions sent them as soon as arms which are dayly expected
arrive. I have no doubt that they are proper persons since
they are named by your Lop & I am confident their Company
by your Lops direction will be very soon made up. I have
had besides two other letters from your Lop one in favours of
Patrick Sutherland and ane other in favours of Mr Mackay of
Strathy, recommending them also to Independant Companys if

K

66 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

there is room. The case, My Lord, is shortly this : all the com-
missions which in conformity to the directions I have received
are proper at present to be disposed of are settled. It is very
possible I may be directed to give more & and when that shall
happen your Lop's recommendation will be reguarded, as no
man is abler to serve his Majestie than yourself & no one has
a stronger disposition to serve your Lop than My Lord your
most obt & most humble servt.

It will be observed that on this date the whole 20 companies were
in theory already placed.

Lord Reay was offered a company on 17th September (" Culloden
Papers," GCGGXLV.), to which he agreed, naming as officers "my son
George, providing he chooses to accept, after advising with your Lord-
ship and knowing the footing these companies are to be on. As for
the subalterns, I refer to George, who will deliver you this ; only I wish
with all my heart my grandchild, Bighouse's son, could be allowed of
the ensigncy, notwithstanding of his being only past thirteen years"
("Culloden Papers," GGGCL.)

The President, in a letter to Ross of Inverchasley suggested a com-
pany for the Master of Ross, reserving a captain's commission for him,
the other officers to be a son of Inverchasley and "David Ross, Shande-
wick's brother, if you approve of it. The Gentleman last named
. . . carrys you this ; and it is my wish ... if it may be, I
may see you here without loss of time" ("Culloden Papers,"
CCCCXLIV.). One company was offered to Ludovick Grant, younger
of Grant. (See "Origins," pp. 275, 276.)

From Ludovic Grant to the President, dated from Castle Grant, 22nd
September 1745.

My Lord

I regrated much tother day that I had soe little time to con-
verse with you and the more that when I came home I found
by the news papers that there was twintie Independant Com-
panies designed to be raised among the Highland Clans who
were well affected. I own I thought one Companie was not
the proportion fell to the share of my friends and I found some
difficulties would likelie happen in getting them all satisfied

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 67

as everie one of the Gentilmen of my name are well affected,
therfor I delayed nameing anie of them untill Lord Deskford
should explain my sentiments to your Lordship : he has now
communicate to me the conversation he had with you and I
take this opportunitie by my friend Rothemurchus to assure
your Lordship I have not the least doubt of your friendship to-
wards me and my friends and I hope you shall see the same
zeall for the support of the Government subsists at present in
this countrie which you was ane eye witnes of in the year
1715 and we now who are the King's friends must act with
the same spirite and confidence in one ane other.

I doubt not but your Lordship will from time to time give
the best advice you can and that you likeways will communi-
cate what you judge proper to my friend Rothemurchus, his
firmnes you have long known. I think him the properest
person for the Companie and Robert Grant son to Easter
Duthell the Lieutenancie and William Grant younger of Dille-
chapple to be Ensign ; if your Lordship pleases you may fill up
the Commissions and deliver them to Rothemurchus with your
directions. I send you inclosed two letters I had to day, one
giving ane account of Glenbucket, the last I had from a
McGrigor, a relation to some of my friends who has from time
to time let me know Glennies motions. All this familie joins
me in offering your Lordship our sincere complimints. I
continue my Dr Lord

Your most faithfull and obed. humble Servt.

Lud. Grant.

The first enclosure does not appear : the second is as follows : —
Honourable Sir

In obedience to yours of the 19th instant please know that Glen-
bucket went from this place upon Wednesday last [18th] about
2 oClock afternoon with 230 men or thereabouts, he came from
Banff to avoid meeting the Munros who were on their way
home, and were at Banff the night Glenbucket left that place.
It was proposed indeed by the friends of the C r in this place

68 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

that either men or Contributions shold be raised here, but the
Country people being resolute against both neither of them has
yet taken place. Meantime as Mr Tulloch has not gone, we
dont know what violences may not be committed before he and
his company march. Lemrie [sic] Leith and a young Gentle-
man or two in your Town, a Brother of Beldornies & a son of
Dunedeer are here and make some excursions in to the Country
in Search of arms, sadles &c. Yesterday some by Mr Tulloch's
orders went a little through the Garreoch & seized three horses
belonging to Westhall, and this day they are out on the same
errand, but nobody knows where. Mr Tulloch talks of march-
ing Tuesday next. Its uncertain as yet if Mr. Hamilton goes,
tho' its generally thought he will, and if he does he and Mr
Tulloch will carry with them near 200 men. Yet keen as they
are they acknowledge that without a landing they are undone,
and upon that I imagine does depend the Rising of a good many
Gentlemen in this Country. Whatever steps Mr Hamilton has
taken to join them I am yet to think it is more with a view to
save this Country from their Mischief than any real design he
has as yet heartily to embark in the affair.

They give out a great many stories to keep up the spirits
of their party, that the Castle of Stirling has been taken by sur-
prise, that a landing in England has actually taken place, headed

by the Duke of Ormand, that the young C r has been visited

on by some of the Nobility of England and invited thither with
the promise of some thousands to join him, as soon as he sets foot
on English ground, all which I am persuaded are without foun-
dation. Meantime such reports keep them in heart, and make
them eager to be gone, which I earnestly wish they would,
and allow the Country people time to cut down their corns and
to enjoy themselves in peace. This is all worth writing just
now.

Septr 2ist 1745.

Seaforth was offered two companies, concerning which he wrote
to the President from Brahan Castle, 20th September 1745.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 69

My Lord

I would have sent your Lordship yesterday the names of the
Gentlemen I recommended to you in the new Levies, but that
most of them were in the Highlands. Those I chuse and know
are capable to serve the Government are as follows, Alexander
Mackenzie of Ferburn, Captain, Alexander Mackenzie Yr of
Lentron Lieutenant, and William Mackenzie Brother to Dun-
donald to be Ensign. In the other Company Colin Mackenzie
Brother to Redcastle will make a very proper Lieutenant and
William Mackenzie Brother to Allangrange, will make as good
an Ensign, and as such I recommend them to your Lordship.

There's several of my Friends at my desire, ready to serve
the Government, when you think there's occasion. Your Lord-
ship will acquaint me, if you'll have these Gentlemen wait on
you, or if you send their Commissions here by the bearer. Pray
inform me if there's any news, and believe me to be with the
greatest sincerety and regard

My Dr Lord

Your Lordship's Most Affectionate Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie.

P.S. I still hear Mackinnon crossed the Kyle in his way
south with a 100 men on tuesday the 17th.

The second company for which Seaforth named the lieutenant and
ensign was offered to the Earl of Cromartie for his son, Lord MacLeod
("Culloden Papers," CCCCXLVIIL, CCGCLL, CCCCLIV.), but was in
effect refused, 26th September (Idem CCCCLV.).

Lord Lovat was offered a company the day after the arrival of the
blank commissions, and MacLeod went to Beaufort to discuss this
matter, probably on the 14th September; he was certainly there on the
15th. "The Laird of M'Leod who is here with me, my son, and Gorto-
leg join with me in assuring you and my Dr Lady Cluny and Sibbie
and my Dr Grandchildren of our most affectionate respects." So wrote
Lovat, 15th September, to Cluny ("Transactions of the Gaelic Society
of Inverness," Vol. XIV., p. 209), who had been released from the
Prince's army a few days previously. What passed on this occasion

70 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

between Lpvat and MacLeod cannot with certainty be known; something
may be gleaned from the President's letter to the former, dated 19th
September ("Gulloden Papers," CGLXVIII.). In brief, MacLeod had
not brought back Lovat's resolutions,

and being under a necessity of reporting soon what I have done,
or am doing, I am obliged to give your Lordship the trouble of
this, to beg to know how you like the proposall; and, if you do,
to have a list from you of the persons names to whom you would
have the commissions for Captain, Lieutenant and Ensign given.

The letter ends with a hint as to the rumours circulated concerning his
Lordship, which the President stated he did not believe. It is impos-
sible to suppose that he and MacLeod could do more at that time than
try to prevent what they already feared. Lovat's answer of 20th Sep-
tember seems to show that the President's letter must have been re-
dated and despatched that day. Lovat laid the blame on MacLeod for
not explaining his reasons for refusing, denied the rumours, and
accounted for the presence of Fraser of Inverallochy at Beaufort by the
suggestion of a settlement of his estates preparatory to going to France
(4< Gulloden Papers," GCGCXLIX.) At that date the President was able
to write to Lord Stair

As to the state of this country . . . the rebells have not had
so far as I know, 20 men dependent of Sir A. McDonald, Mac-
Leod, Ld Fortrose, Ld Cromarty, Ld Sutherland, Ld Reay,
Grant, Ld Lovat, Macintosh or Ghisholm to join them. I need
not mention the Munros, whose signal service Sir J. Cope has
doubtless acquainted the Administration with.

The battle of Prestonpans had yet to be fought — on the day following that
on which this letter was penned. (" Culloden Papers," CGCGXI.).

(7) MISCELLANEOUS, SEPTEMBER 1745.

From the Lord Advocate to the Lord President, dated from Edinburgh,
14th September 1745.

My Lord

This serves chiefly to cover the enclosed which arrived last
night from London by express.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 71

With respect to our Situation here the Rebels crossed the
Forth yesterday about midday, Six miles above Stirling.
Colonel Gairdner is in his way from thence to this Town with his
Regiment, to join General Hamilton's Regiment encamped in
this neighbourhood. We every moment expect the Dutch
Auxilliarys and Sir John Cope, but they are not as yet arrived

I am with great respect My Lord
Your Lops, most obedient humble Servant

Rob Craigie

From the Marquess of Tweeddale to the Lord President, dated from
Whitehall, 12th September 1745.

My Lord

My last to your Lordship was dated the 10th Instant, in which
I acquainted you that Mr Pelham would duly honour your Fills
upon him at this Critical Juncture, I am only now further to
acquaint you, that in order to prevent confusion, in case it
should happen that the Scheme of forming Independent Com-
panies of Highlanders, pursuant to the Blank Commissions sent
down, should succeed, the Money that will be necessary for the
subsistance and pay of such Companies must be drawn for on
the Paymaster General of His Majesty's Forces here. In my
Letter to your Lordship of the 17th August, I took notice of the
want of Lords Lieutenants in the Several Counties; and I should
have been glad if your Lordship, had suggested any way by
which that could have been supplied. The Scheme of send-
ing down the above mentioned blank Commissions, was thought
here to be the best and most expeditious for that purpose.

I shall expect to hear how matters go with you, since Sir
John Cope left you, His Majesty and all his Servants here are
very sensible of how great use your Presence there has been to
him, and have not the least doubt of your continuing to exert
yourself in support of his Government. I am My Lord

Your Lordships most obedient humble Servant

Tweeddale.
Lord President.

72 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

The President's reply is "Culloden Papers," CGGCXLVIL, dated
20th September, asking once more for a ship with arms, money or credit.
He also intimated that Gluny had probably joined the rebels. This was
an event which greatly influenced the Prince's cause, and it was thought
that it would secure the rising of some of the Mackintoshes, Erasers,
and Mackenzies. See "Culloden Papers," GCGCLII. On 26th Sep-
tember Gluny wrote to the titular Duke of Atholl that he must keep his
men so that all could march together, but that force was necessary to
bring all required ("Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family,"
XXV.). To this the Duke replied, urging him to come without delay,
and on 27th September Gluny answered that he would come as soon as
possible. (Idem XXVI., XXXI.). That force was being used appears
from the following copy among the Eraser-Mackintosh papers in the
Register House, endorsed "Young Gluny 1745."

William Robertson in Badenoch declares young Cluny came to
his house and ordered 20 cows and 6 horses to be taken from
him and otherwise threatened him & upon consenting to go
they were restored except one cow which was killed.

Wm. Robertson, his mark.

The President's opinion upon this subject appears in " Gulloden Papers,"
GCCXXVI.

It is to be doubted, whether affecting the Crowd of the common
people with the punishment legally and justly due to their
Grimes might not be construed an unnecessary severity, and
therefore do more harm than good, by raising Pity : the rather,
that it is most certainly true, that great numbers of them were
compelled to join the active Rebells, by threats which were justly
terrible to them.

On 17th September the Prince entered Edinburgh, and Cope landed at
Dunbar. The following is dated on the previous day (16th September
1745 at 12 o'clock), and appears to be from General Wightman to George
Drummond (See "Culloden Papers," CGLXXI.).

Dear George

I cannot go out of the Town till I have fully aprized you of
what occurs to me as absolutely needful be done, without which
I reckon it Phrensie to attempt the defence of the City, and if

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 73

it be done, I'm of opinion, it will not be attacked. The
Measures are, that Col. Gardners Dragoons alone, without any
of Hamiltons people, enter the Town, and undertake to defend
the Bastions and Patrole the Streets, in order to overawe the dis-
affected inhabitants. That all the well affected people who in-
habit Houses fronting the Streets, illuminate their houses
through the whole night that whoever appear on the street may
be known and the Dragoons may see how to act.

That all the Garden & Park Walls, fronting the City Wall
from the Pleasants to Lauristons yards be levelled to the ground,
That no body but soldiers be placed on the Bastions, provided
with Pattereros, Blunderbushes, and hand Granads only, and
with lamps, blind on all sides, but the one which points along
the Wall, that soldiers may see what is doing at the root of
the wall, without being seen themselves.

I only add the Rule of Conduct in defending the City, is the
same on all occasions. It must not be surprised nor taken by
assault; but delivered up upon articles when it can no longer
be defended. May God defend the good Town, for its Motto
is certainly true — Nisi Dominus Frustra — Dont trust yourself in
it if the Rebells enter it, take care of St Mary Wynd, Lieth
Wynd, and the Trinity Hospital, for if any attack is made, it
will be when it is dark, and these are by much the weakest
part of it, because of the Houses on the Town Wall and opposite
to it.

From Sir Alexander MacDonald to the President, dated from Mugstot,
17th September 1745.

My Lord

I had yours yesterday by Kingsborrow, one has pleasure of
hearing from their friends at any time, but at present it gives
joy, whether that is owing to the curiosity of hearing what one
did not know before, or the comfort that real friendship gives
in perilous times, is not difficult to determine by feeling, I give
it for the last. Our Neighbours who have gone Southward vow
destruction to this Island, if they destroy no more because we
are not with them, this is the Language of men in Passion and

L

74 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

does not affect me much, tho' we are very defenceless, it is how-
ever odd that the Government does not think of giving us the
means to defend our Goods and Chattels. We might have been
armed Gap a pie had we chose it. I should be glad to know
if anything of that kind is intended. Your Lordship cannot
expect any Novels from me as the Scene of Action is distant.
Fleets, Troops, Spaniards, French, Dutch, Russians &c. land in
numberless Places, if Nation rising against Nation & division in
a Kingdom are Couriers to the Day of Judgment, 'tis at hand.
I dont care how soon you remit the Laird, it is only fair to
demand him for the reason that your Lordship detains him, the
Love of his Presence. I am My Lord

Yours most faithfully

Alexr Macdonald.

Lady Margaret who is afraid in more Shapes than one sends
her complements.

The Battle of Prestonpans (21st September) had far-reaching results,
and infinitely prolonged the Rising. The President was fully aware
of the importance which was being and would be attached to this victory
("Gulloden Papers," GGCGLVII.), and it prompted the titular Duke of
Atholl to write to Lovat, Seaforth, Cromartie, Sir Alexander MacDonald,
MacLeod, and the Duke of Gordon ("Jacobite Correspondence of the
Atholl Family.") The news did not reach Aberdeen till the evening
of the 25th, as appears by the following to an unknown correspondent.

Sir,

I doubt not before this reaches you, you'll have got a particular
account of the Battle on Saturday the 21st inst, when the
Forces under Sir John Cope were defeated, As we had no
account of it until the 25 at night, I thought it would then be
needless to run you an express, especially as we had it only from
one side, who have now published it, in the Mercury, of which
the inclossed is a copy with some additions printed here by
order of Mr. John Hamilton, who came here on Tuesday with
Mr Tulloch, and 24 Horse and 80 Foot, and read their Manefesto
&c, then opened the Prison doors and let out the Prisoners, there-
after broke open the Kings warehouse, and took out the
Seizures, searched several Houses for Arms, Horses, Sadies &c.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 75

and carried off yesterday what they met with and marched to
Stonhive. We are told that Lord Pitsligo is to be here on Mon-
day with the Gentlemen of Buchan and some of Banffshire and
to be joined by several here, who already appear with white
cockades.

One Duncan a Sailor here, who left Rotterdam on the 19th
inst, says that he was assured that the last of the Dutch Trans-
ports were about to sail, and that he saw 15 sail of them bound
[letter torn].

A ship master who came to Dundee [letter torn] the streets
of Ed. and that the Highland Army were encamped in St Ann
Yards on Tuesday last and waiting some Reinforcements from
the North. That there is no distirbance in the Town, but a
great many of the Principal People have left it

I am Sir Your most obliged humble Servt

John Thomson.
Aberdeen 28 Sept 1745. 3 afternoon.

P.S. 5 oGlock the Post from Edinburgh now arrived but
put under a Guard till the Letters are perused, tho' already
opened by others of their Party. There is no News Paper, the
English being kept at Edr which looks as if they did not like
them.

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Brahan Castle, 29th
September 1745.

My Lord

I own the contents of your Lordships Letter surprised me,
for I never imagined that the unfortunate Gentlemen would have
presumed to go to Edinr which I thought had been secured
against a surprise, as in all probability the Dutch are landed,
their stay there cannot be long, yet I agree in opinion with your
Lordship, that some thoughtless People may be induced to
desert their King and Gountrys Cause. I had a Letter from the
Chisholm, who says that there are several of the Highlanders
come home, may be with a Design in their usual manner to
Plunder their Neighbours; but I hope this will be the last year
of our having a Disturbance of that kind. If Lord Macleod does
not accept, which I believe was no more than an air in the

76 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

Father, perhaps to discourage others from accepting, I will get
a Gentleman who will be proud to serve his Majesty faithfully.
I want to write to Loudon, I shall desire Ferburn to ask you
how I can send it. I am with greatest sincerity and regard
Your Lordships Most Faithfull Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie.

(8) A NOTE ON MACKINTOSH OF MACKINTOSH.

Lachlan Mackintosh, Chief of the Clan, who married Anne,
daughter of Alexander Duff of Drummuir, died in 1731, leaving no
issue. He was succeeded by his kinsman, William Mackintosh, of the
Daviot family, whose wife, Christian, was daughter to Sir Alexander
Menzies of Weem, second baronet. He died childless in 1740, and was
succeeded by his brother, Aeneas Mackintosh, married to Anne,
daughter of John Farquharson, of Invercauld, the famous " Colonel
Anne " of the Forty-five, and at the same time a great favourite of
President Forbes.

Aeneas Mackintosh of Mackintosh does not appear to have been a
strong character, and he found the activities of his wife extremely dis-
concerting ; indeed, it is difficult to suppose, had he been left to himself,
that he would have done anything at all to prevent his Clan being
raised for the Prince. It may be inferred from what follows that only
the influence of the President and of MacLeod prevented his being
drawn into the Rising against his own better judgment, and caused him
to take somewhat tardy steps to keep the Mackintoshes at home. One
such step has cast a shadow over his reputation, but if the position at
that time of Scotsmen loyal to the Government be realised, a real excuse
will be found. Time meant everything — arms, cash, credit, and a
few weeks, even days, might make all the difference : so that there was
justification for those attempting to prevent by any means in their power
men being enlisted against their will in a Rising which, apart from
its merits, appeared to them hazardous at all times, hopelees in its future.

In Sir Walter Scott's "Tales of a Grandfather" (Notes to Chapter
LXXXII) this letter appears.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 77

From Mackintosh of Mackintosh to Evan MacPherson, younger of
Gluny, Esq., dated from Inverness, 1st October 1745.

Dr Sir

As I am now fully determined to command my own people
and run the same fate with them, having yesterday received a
letter from the Prince, and another from the Duke of Atholl, I
hope, notwithstanding of the order obtained from the Prince,
you will not offer to meddle with any of my men, as we are
both designed on the same errand. I am resolved to maintain
the rank due to my family, & if you think proper to accept
the nixt rank to me, you'll be very wellcome. If you judge
otherwise, act as you have a mind. But do not put me to
the necessity of requiring my men of you in a more publick
manner, the consequence of which may be disagreeable to both.
My kind compliments to Lady Gluny and Miss Eraser, and I
am, Ur Sir, Your most humble servt and affectionat cousine

Aeneas Mackintosh.

Standing alone, this letter conveys the impression that Mackintosh was
not only a party to the efforts already made by his lady, but that he
was himself, as Chief of Clan Ghattan, about to raise his men for the
Prince. The explanation, however, has been most kindly given to the
Editor by Mr A. M. Mackintosh, author of " The Mackintoshes and
Clan Ghattan," in the following documents, copied by him from the
originals. The correspondence of which they form part has no other
connection with the Forty-Five, and is of purely private interest.

From MacLeod of MacLeod to John Mackenzie of Delvine, dated from
Whitehouse, 9th December 1761.

Sir,

Since you mentioned a letter of Macintoshes wrote in the end
of the 1745 to MacPherson of Gluny I have endeavoured to re-
collect myself as well as I can as to that matter, and its first
necessary for me to acquaint you that when President Mr
Forbes sent for me to Sky the end of August 1745 it was with
the view to do all in our power to prevent the different clanns
in that part of the country from joining the Rebellion. If we
failed in that design our next view was to use every art we

78 MORE CHLLODEN PAPERS

could to make that junction as slow as possible, as we looked on
gaining a little time then to be gaining the whole cause. It
was with this view that Macintosh wrote that letter, which was
done not only with the President's consent but was his diction,
and both he & I were greatlie misinformed att that time if it
did not retard a very considerable number of them from joining
for several weeks.

This is all I can recollect of this matter, and if you think it
proper you are extreamlie welcome to lay this letter before
my Lord Advocate. I am, Sir, Your most obedient humble
servant

Normand MacLeod.

From the Earl of Loudoun to the Lord Advocate, dated from Edinburgh,
16th November 1761 [copy made by John Mackenzie of Delvine.]

My Lord,

As your Lordship desires to be informed what I know in re-
lation to a letter wrote by Gapt. Aeneas M'Intosh of M'Intosh
to the Macphersons about the end of the year 1745 or the
beginning of the year 1746 at which time I had the honour to
command in that part of the country it is as follows. ~* The first
^formation I had of that letter came to me by a spy from
Badenoch. On receiving it I went immediately to my Lord
President Forbes to consult what steps were proper for us to
*%ke upon it, when his Lordship informed me that the letter
had not only been wrote by M'Intogh at his desire, but that he
had dictated the letter himself in order to try to put a stop to
the violence the gentlemen in Badenoch were using to raise
not only the Macphersons in their own lands, but even some of
M'Intosh's tenants in that neighbourhood. The letter had
not the effect the President expected from it for the Macpher-
sons continued to raise their men and M'Intosh remained with

me.

I have the honour etc

[signed] Loudoun.

It certainly, however, if it was so intended, deceived the titular Duke of
Atholl, who must have known of it when he wrote to Mackintosh,
7th October.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 79

It was with the utmost joy I heard you had abandoned the
usurper to join in restoring the King at the head of your
numerous clan that has ever been loyally inclined.

At the same time he urged him to march, as he also urged Cluny
in a letter of even date (" Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family,"
LXVI. and LXVIL).

If the President was responsible for this famous letter, Mackin-
tosh is absolved of that at least. But the known facts seem to point
to an extraordinary vacillation on the part of one who had not renounced
his military commission. It would indeed appear that if MacLeod and
Sir Alexander MacDonald had joined the Rising he would have acted
differently. It may be that he, too, was present at the meeting at
Beaufort mentioned hereafter. See MacLeod's (letters to the Presi-
dent of 7th and 15th October, which follow, and " Culloden Papers,"
CCCCLXXI., where MacLeod writes (23rd October),

I would gladly hope my letters and messages to Lovat and Mac-
intosh were not too late : for the first, I am sure they were
not, if they can have any effect and that he was not absolutely
determined beforehand ; as to the latter, I always doubted, from
his own weakness & the disposition of my cousin and John
Shaw.

See also " Culloden Papers," CCCCLXXIII., the President to MacLeod,
24th October.

The effect of your message to L. Lt. I do not know, as the
messenger says he appear'd sullen and reserved to him ; it is
possible he may be more communicative to the young men as

he returns. M sh seems to me rather to be pleased & has

despatched expresses to some of his tribes that are gather'd & on
wing not to stir for some days at least. How he will succeed
I know not ; he certainly would but for one person whom I
love much. [The Lady of Mackintosh],

The " rather to be pleased " phrase seems to corroborate the theory
that, while Mackintosh wished to remain loyal, he felt keenly the posi-
tion in which his wife's endeavours had placed him, especially as it
was she, it seems, who conveyed the impression that he was " the loyal
successor of his ancestors" ("Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl

80 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

Family," CXXX.). On 29th October the President told MacLeod that he
was really under great concern for "our friend Macintosh," the zeal of
"some people" having caused the march of about 200 of the clan,
" much against the Laird's inclinations " (" Culloden Papers,"
GGGGLXXXVI.). Though he had now been finally steadied by the
efforts of the President and of MacLeod, tlie Lady of Mackintosh con-
tinued to raise the clan, being not averse to the use of force, when neces-
sary (" Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family," Gill.).

(9) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD AND SIMON, LORD LOVAT.

There is abundant evidence to show that Lovat, greatly influenced by
the battle of Prestonpans and the capture of Edinburgh, had already
begun to set his clan in motion, making good use of James Fraser of
Foyers. (See " Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family,"
XXXVII. , XLIIL). He was, however, still in a position to shield him-
self, even if others were to suffer. The President and MacLeod, apart
from their own political views, had an intense desire to keep the old
Lord out of mischief, if they rould. Though his shuffling had deceived
neither of them, in spite of what has often been alleged to the contrary,
appearances were still kept up, and he actually seems to have dined at
Culloden on 25th September (" Sutherland Book," II. 256). A final
effort was now made to keep the Frasers at home, and the actual
measures concerted are perhaps to be summed up once more in the word
" time," time for the oft-asked arms, money, and credit to arrive. What
happened seems to have resulted from the situation in which MacLeod
found himself when he went for the second time to Beaufort early in
October.

According to a letter, dated 9th October, from Fraser of Foyers to the
titular Duke of Atholl, all gentlemen of the name of Fraser had a call
from Lovat to repair to Beaufort, and as a result MacLeod was seen
there by Foyers on Saturday, the 5th (Home, " History of the Rebellion,"
Appendix XXIX.).

We met at Beaufort when it was concerted that I should not
move till Tuesday next [15th] when the Macdonalds of Skye,
MacLeods, Mackenzies, Macintoshes and Frasers are to join and
march that day. All the certainty I have of this is, that I have
been present when the Laird of MacLeod was despatched Satur-

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 81

day last [5th] by express to Skye and is engaged in honour to
be Tuesday next [15th] in Corryarrak with his name where
the Erasers will join him.

If Home's transcription of this letter be correct, Foyers was vastly
mistaken in supposing that MacLeod left Beaufort on the 5th, nor does
the answer of the Duke to a communication from Lovat convey the
impression that the matter was a certainty.

This morning [9th October] I had the honour to receive a
message by Mr Eraser with your Lordships most agreeable
resolution of quickly sending up your following and the Master
of Lovat to join His Royal Highness who will be extreamly
satisfied to hear of the care you are taking to get all your neigh-
bours to follow without farther loss of time (" Jacobite Corre-
spondence of the Atholl Family," LXXL).

On [Monday] the 7th, Lovat wrote as follows to the President (" Cul-
loden Papers," GGLXXV.).

My dear Lord.

I was very glad to hear, by my Cousin Macleod, that your Lop
was in your ordinary good Health, notwithstanding of the
fatigue that you must undergo in these confused & troublesome
times.

I send your Lordship a letter from my dear Cousin, and
your real friend, the Laird of Macleod. And if it will be
agreeable to your Lop, as it is truly to me, I shall be mighty
glad of it ; and I shall steadfastly observe & stand by the
Terms of that letter ; and whatever turn the Affairs of State
may take, I shall always live with your Lop as a Neighbour,
Relation, and real Friend ought to do, & will never forget the
obligations I owe to your Lop and your family.

There has been several villainous, malicious, and ridiculous
reports, that vex'd me very much ; but as there was nothing
ever out of Hell more false, I despise them and the Scoundrels
that invented them ; and since the whole business, trade, and
conversation, of many in Inverness is, to invent and tell lies,
I hope your Lop will believe no ill or mean thing of me, till
you have a real and infallible proof of it ; as I am resolved
that this shall be my conduct towards your Lop. And if your

M

82

Lop pleases, let us live together as we did since you came
North, communicating to one another what news we hear, &
inquiring for one another's health.

If it was not for the excessive pains that I have in my knees
and limbs, I would certainly have paid my respects to your Lop
at Gulloden before now, notwithstanding of all the villainous
lying stories & reports that have been going, much to my dis-
advantage, & a little to your Lop's ; and I am very sure that it
is the advantage of my family and person to be in friendship
with your Lop, and I am resolved to observe that friendship
inviolably, if your Lordship does not reject it, which I by no
means apprehend. I shall long for an answer of this letter ;
and I ever am, with a very great Esteem & Respect,

Your Lop's affectionat Cousin, & most faithful Slave,

Lovat.

P.S. I salute my unkind relation Duncan Fraser of Ach-
nergairn.

The letter which MacLeod was obliged to write, and by the terms of
which Lovat said he would stand, has been preserved, and is as fol-
lows, being dated from Beaufort, 7th October 1745.

My Lord,

I have the pleasure to write you from this with the Land-
lords sincere compliments and acquaint you that he is resolved
to continue in the strictest and closest Friendship with you,
Sir Alexander Macdonald, Macintosh, and your humble Servant
and lett what will fall out in this odd conjuncture, he is for
doing whatever is in his power to support our Familys as
Friends and Neighbours ought, which I am sure is very agree-
able to me, and I hope will be so to you, as I know your strong
attachment to us all, and to this Family in particular. As
this is a season full of strange reports, he has heard some which
gives some uneasiness, tho' I told him he ought to slight them,
as I was sure you would do, if you heard them. Nothing but
the Coldness of the weather and the pains in his knee, prevent
his going again to Culloden, which indeed I have endeavoured
to prevent, as it might do him hurt. I go early for Sky and am
with the strictest Friendship.

Yours Normand MacLeod.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 83

These letters were received by the President on the afternoon of the
7th, and at 5 o'clock he replied (" Culloden Papers," GCLXXVI.).

My Lord,

I have yours incloseing Mac Leod's. Both Letters breathe
what I should expect to meet with from both, stark love &
kindness. I have spent my time ill for many years past, if
your Lop is not convinced that I wish in a very uncommon way
well to your family ; & the drumly times in which we now live
may perhaps show it, more than perhaps would be imagined.
If Mac Leod has told you all he knows, he has given you a
strong instance of this ; & I do once for all assure you, that no
accident that can hapen will divert me from pursueing the
resolutions which I was possess'd of, as you well know, with
respect to your Lop, 30 years ago. I mightily approve of your
purpose of conforming yourself to the resolutions of the friends
you speak of ; as you know for them I have the greatest respect.
The tales you have been told ought not to make any impres-
sion on your Lop, as they have made none upon me, further
than to induce me to take that sort of care of myself, without
which I should have been laugh'd at. I was very sorry to
hear that the cold weather had affected your Lop. Upon the
sudden change you ought to have been more carefull ; but the
cold bath, & abstaining from cold air, will certainly remove
your complaints. If you have any occasion for the lazy Dr,
tho' I have some occasion for him, he shall attend you. If you
hear anything that is new, which I do not look for for some days,
as the communication is intercepted, you shall hear from me.
My Compliments to my Pupill the Master. I am, with wishes
that have remain' d almost from my Cradle,

Yours, etc.

In Murray's Memorials (p. 229) occurs the following :

There being nothing to be had but evasive answers from L.
L-t. . . . nor from Mcleod but oaths and curses that so
soon as he went to Skye he would raise his men and march
south, att the same time that he had no sooner made his solemn
promises and consulted of how he was to march and where to
meet the other clans than he went directly to Mr Forbes of
Culloden, the President, and told what had passed.

84 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

MacLeod did not tell the Lord President what had passed ; most fortu-
nately he wrote it.

The Right Honble My Lord President.
My dearest Lord,

I never knew what vexation and anxiety is till now and nothing
but thinking and knowing I've such a Friend to rely on as
you, could give a moment's ease, arid yett I could not bring
myself to tell you, that I did after the Scufle I had with the
Landlord and the Intimation upon it, seemingly comply to So
as he inclined, which be the Hazard ever so great was so mean
that I believe I will never forgive myself, what ever you may
do, however I find not only he but Tarn [Praser of Gortuleg]
&c all begin to boggle greatly and that absolutely wont move,
without Sr Alexr & me, nor will Mclntosh, if not driven by
my Cousin and that can hardly happen, so I hope and am sure
of a very happy issue. This will make it absolutely improper
the copy I left with you be ever heard of and as I will write
in conjuncture with Sr Alexr from Sky here, you shall see it
and know directly, in the mean time if you can find ane excuse
for me with yourself, I daresay you will be apt so to do, and
whether or not, neither fear of Death or anie other motive
shall ever seaver the Friendship I have for you or make me
break throw my Ingadgements to you, as I will while I breath
remain yours

Normand MacLeod.

Beaufort October 7th [1745] 7 att night.

All Plotts and ass — g schemes I am pritty sure is over, and a
strict Friendship wished for and to support other in every
situation, however I insist on the same precautions as usual, Tor
the rest I refer to the Bearer, with whom I can trust my Life.

It is evident from the above that MacLeod found Lovat a much more
difficult problem than even he had anticipated, and, whatever view may
be taken of the deception, it is equally evident that Lovat was not
expected finally to commit himself before Sir Alexander MacDonald
had been consulted. A joint letter was to be sent immediately from

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 85

Skye, repudiating the seeming compliance, whereby MacLeod was
sure of a happy issue. Though Lovat may have had cause thereafter
to blame MacLeod, the latter still hoped that he was not " absolutely
determined beforehand."

On his arrival in Skye, MacLeod went straight to Sir Alexander
MacDonald at Mugstot, which he reached on Saturday, 12th October.
He probably wished himself in London, whither he seems to have had
thoughts of going, as appears by a letter dated 3rd October from George
Ross (" Gulloden Papers," CGGGLIX.).

Dear Sir,

The last letter I had from you was of the 3rd September from
Dunvegan. The progress the rebels have since made accounts
for the interruption of our correspondence. This goes by a sloop,
which carrys a quantity of arms, &ca., for the troops which
I hope in God you and the other wise and well-affected chief-
tains have enabled our worthy friend Lord President to bring
together. By the last intelligence from Berwick, the rebells were
about marching southwards, when they must meet with a force
of the King's troops that must conquer and destroy them. And
the discredit this affair has brought on our unhappy and much
deluded country can only be retrieved by the appearance your
Highlanders shall make in support of the Government. It is not,
I do assure you, to be expressed, the encomiums made on Lord
President and all of you for your conduct on this occasion; nor
can I help telling you, people make no scruple to reflect on such
of our countrymen as have come to this place. Here, it's said,
they can be of no use; in their own country they might be of
some, were it only to countenance such as show their attachment
to the present establishment by remaining quiet.
I am satisfied such measures have of late been taken, that must
in a little time quiet these disturbers of the peace nor will their
taking Edinburgh, and their defeat of Cope, have any other
end, than that of deluding such as are so blind as not to see that
in the end they and their familys will be ruined, and an eternal
infamy attend the country.

Tho' the parliamnt be to meet the 17th of this month, I should,
with great submission, think that it would give more satisfaction

86 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

to the friends of the Government if you stayed with Lord Presi-
dent, and h'elpt the completing of the 20 companies, and even
marching with them southwards, perhaps to the relief of Edinr.,
than coming up here. Besides, a few weeks must in all human
probability make an end of this affair; and then indeed there will
be no occasion for you in parliament; where there will be a very
strict inquiry into the whole of this unhappy affair. I suppose
you know that all our troops are ordered home.
Advice is arrived from Admiral Martin, that he had look'd into
Brest, but found no force there and all the coast is so well
guarded, that there can be no danger from a foreign landing.
I am, dear Sir, yours,

Geo. Ross.
Normand Macleod Esq.

Meanwhile, Lord Loudoun had arrived at Inverness on 10th October
(" Culloden Papers," CGCGLXII.)

to take upon him the command of the troops and garrisons from
Inverlochy to Inverness, of the twenty independant companies
to be raised, and of all such bodies of men as are or shall be
raised for his Majesty's service ; and his lordship is desired to
act in everything with your advice and consent (Lord Tweed-
dale to the President, " Culloden Papers," GGGGLVL).

His actual command on arrival consisted of 150 Highlanders of his own
regiment, so defenceless up till then was Inverness ("Culloden Papers,"
CCXCIIL).

As, however, he had brought some cash with him, it was possible
for the Independent Companies to be brought together (Idem
CCCCLXII.), and on llth October the President wrote to Lovat what
was certainly a strong hint of what he knew, while still endeavouring
to save him and to keep the Frasers from marching (Idem CCLXXVII.).
Lovat, then believing that MacLeod and Sir Alexander were to join the
Rising, and in ignorance of the President's real knowledge of the situa-
tion, replied at once that he was sorry his faith was different, but that
he hoped " our friendship for one another will always be the same ;
that is full of sincerity and affection." (Idem CCLXXVIII.). This was
written within a week of the attempt on Culloden House.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 87

What the President may have written to MacLeod as a result of
his secret letter from Beaufort is unknown, but it produced the follow-
ing.

Address : — For the President.

My dearest Lord. Yours which I received this morning has
given a Philip to my Spirits, that I am so much the better for,
& I think I shall now continue so. I cannot say I intyrlie
approve of my own conduct, tho. of my intentions I do as I
am sure they were meant for the best & I hope will now turn
out to gain our main point, keeping the Erasers and Mclntoshes
at least at home, for I had a positive promise from both not to
stir, till they knew Sir Alexr's ultimate resolutions & mine, &
that then theirs would quadrate, or agree with them & I now
send Mr Macleod & a Friend of mine to both to declare our
Positive & first resolution not to stir & to follow such direc-
tions as will be given us to enable us properly to exert our
Strength in support of the Government. After he has learnt
their answer he has orders to be with you, & let you know it,
that you may take the Steps you think proper, which I hope
will be to fix both in resolutions, to do what is right or att
least to do no harm.

I was very nigh Drownded, & drove [driven] to Aplecross, I
think he [Mackenzie] has no intention to play the fool, and I
hope he will comply with his Chief's Request. I did my en-
deavour to sett him right & I fancy with some kind of success. I
have sent amongst the Macleans and to South Uist. If dividing a
Company amongst them and my namesake's of Rasay, will keep
them all right it will be well bestowed, but tho I have your
leave already, I will give no positive promises, till I am well
assured it will answer the Service & that you approve of my so
doing.

I did not shew Alexander your small Letter, but for the
future he will see everything you write me. He has wrote
himself anie thing else I can think of worth writing you. I shall
be mostly here with him, as L. Margaret's situation confines
him to home. Have you fallen on a way to write to London.
I am with all my heart and soul yours

Mugstot, Octr 15th 1745. Normand MacLeod.

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As we get no Scots Newspapers, I wish you would order one
sett of yours for us after the Perusal of the Doctor. &c.

The " Mr Macleod " sent to Lovat was evidently Alexander MacLeod,
younger of Balmeanach (see " Gulloden Papers," CCGCLXXXVI.), who
afterwards held a commission as lieutenant in one of MacLeod's Inde-
pendent Companies. Lovat calls him a " little sneaking gentleman "
(Mackenzie, " History of the Frasers," p. 407).

From Sir Alexander MacUonald to the President, dated from Mugstot
[16] October 1745.

My Lord,

This acknowledges the Receipt of the Laird on Saturday last
[12th October] after Perils by Sea, with him came the Gentle-
man mentioned in your last, who left this yesterday, with a
definite answer from us both, not all to his satisfaction. I
know not but Mr. Grant of Caledonian Mercury may be in the
right in crossing my men to the Main Land and marching them
cliverly but then I am sure there is Necromancy in the case for
they are all in this Island in Efflgie. I have the Parchments
and shall look for Directions to the Gentlemen they belong to
when your Lordship sees proper. My Rib is still on foot. I
am as ever

My Lord Yours

Alexr Macdonald.

On the day the above was penned, Lovat wrote to Cluny congratu-
lating him on marching, and excusing the Frasers, because his son was
waiting every day for MacLeod and Sir Alexander MacDonald :

. . . and if M'Leod and Sir Alexander does not do right
things God knows it is not my fault, for I have used my
endeavours with them as much as if it was to save my life.
(" Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness," XIX., 211).

Three days later, 19th October, Seaforth wrote —

Sanders Campbell my factor mett an express of Lovat' s going
to Macleod ; who told Campbell's servant his business was to
put Macleod in mind of his engagements with his master.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 89

However, I do not believe one man will stir from Sky ; tho' I
am convinced that some people that are quiet were concerned
and authors of these troubles (" Cuitoden Papers,"
CGGGLXVIII.).

On 29th October the President wrote as follows to MacLeod (" Gulloden
Papers," CCCCLXXXVI.):—

My dear Laird,

I have both your larger & your lesser epistle of the 23rd. The
effect of the declaration by Balmanach, on Lovat, I doubt the
lad did not tell me as it really was, by some things which I have
learnt since & in his return he stay'd two full days at Castle-
downie, where were Barisdale, Kinlochmoidart, who came
north from the P. as he said, for Lovat & you, &c, Gol. Mac-
Donald that is, Glengary's second son, & severall others; & doubt-
less, he can & will tell you all he knows, tho' he was reserved to
me; wherefor to him I must refer you for all intelligence from
that quarter, & particularly for the history of Pitcalny's son, my
grand nephew, for whom I lately procured a commission in Ld.
Loudoun's regt, but whom they seem to have debauch'd into the
Young Gentlemen's service, in hopes that, being the male heir
of the Balnagowan family, he will be follow'd by the Rosses, &
so recover the estate; as Ld Lovat did formerly, by espouseing
the cause of the Royal family now reigning. He most certainly
knows what they said about this operation, & will doubtless
open it to you, from whom I expect to hear of it. In Lovat' s
correspondence & mine, which began after the attack made upon
me, he blames, as I told you in my last, his son's obstinacy; & I
have heartily given him a great deal of good advice. I in par-
ticular, after he had received your message, wrote him a strong
letter, which he took three days to answer. He still says his
son is inflexible, but is to make further tryalls to divert him
from his madness. He tells me, he has prevail'd upon him to
deny assistance of men to Barisdale, to revenge himself of some
affronts he met with in Assint, of which Balmanach can give
you a more perfect account ; & he presses me still earnestly to
give him further advice ; saying, that his son will not move
for this week. I have return'd him the best advice I possibly

N

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could, still in the supposall that the fault is in his son ; but
suggesting the consequence to himself, which I really dread, if
his son shall be permitted to play the fool. What answer I
shall have I know not, neither do I know what he has said to
Kinlochmoidart, &c. of which you will be undoubtedly satisfy'd
in the way I have already suggested ; but it is my opinion, that
he will not be hasty to declare finally either way, which in
certain events may be attended with consequences for which I

shall be sorry.

"H

MacLeod's subterfuge was not a subject of discussion among his friends.
Even Lord Loudoun may not have known the actual facts. See the post-
script to his letter to Lord Lovat (" Gulloden Papers," GCXCIX.), where
" My Lord's" (line 6) should read " Macleod's."

P.S. I am sensible of the confidence with which your Lop
treats me, when you open to me some of the incidents that have
lately happen'd in your private life ; and am very sorry for such
of them as have proved cross. Prom the great concern which
the President expresses for you and your family at this very
time, I should have imagined you never gave him any offence ;
and I -am sure, if you did, none of it sticks with him ; from
MacLeod's behaviour, I collect the same disposition towards
your Lop ; and as I am well inform'd your Lop and he were
in perfect friendship some weeks ago, and as you have not sug-
gested what it is he has done of late to give your Lordship
offence, I cannot imagine what he has to answer for ; but should
be glad to know it, that I may contribute to remove what I am
confident can be no more than a pure mistake.

(10) THE INDEPENDENT COMPANIES (i.).

" I have not projected at present to dispose of more than 10 or 11 of the
Independent Companies, according to exigencies ; and, as experience
shall direct, I shall dispose of the remainder, or some of them." So
wrote the President to Lord Tweeddale, 10th October (" Culloden
Papers," GCGCLXIL).

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 91

Prom Lord Reay to the Lord President, dated from Tongue, 5th October
1745 :—

My Lord,

I beg pardon for not making a return sooner, to the letter you
did me the honour to write to me, of the 26th Septr. which
I could not help, as I have been ever since in a bad state of
health, and it took time with the bad weather we had of late
to conveen the principall men of my name, to concert among
us the properest Persons for Subalterns to George's Company,
as my view was, to name such as were most popular, to make
all go on the more easily, which is requisite in such cases.
These we pitched on, are Hugh Mackay, younger of Bighouse
as Lieutenant, and Aeneas Mackay who served four years in
Flanders, in the late War for Ensign. The former as I wrote
your Lop. already, is too young for present service. But I
found he was more agreeable to the people, than any other, and
his being named would contribute very much to several going
along more cheerfully, which is what I had principally in view.
The method I have taken to supply this defect, is that I have
got a gentleman James Mackay of Strath [?] Skerray, to act in his
place, whose capacity, and doing his duty he answers for.
This I know is not the Military way. But the Boy will soon
be fit for duty, and in the present exigence there was a neces-
sity to name him, as we must please the people as best we can.
Your Lop. may depend this is the case. Your Lop. will give
me full time, when you call for the Company, as this Country
is wide and scattered, for I'm determined, as it would be easier
for me to get my whole clan to than 100 of them, for obvious
reasons, to conveen the whole in my presence, as tho. they were
all to March and pitch on the number wanted. This your Lop.
will see, will take some time, so that I should be timeously
acquainted before hand. As my Son George did acquaint your
Lop. we have too few broadswords, for our own defence at
home, so such as go out will need to be provided with broad
swords by the Government, for several of them would rather
want Firelocks than swords. Since writing the above I'm
assured by a Letter from Assint, that some Gentlemen of the

92 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

name of Mackenzie, who I thought would not stir, are raising
men for the Pretender, and that one in Coigheach, was doing
the same there, yet I hope the later is a mistake, and that these
Men are designed for Lord McLeod's Company. If this stir
is real and universal among that people, your Lop. will know
it better than I, tho. I assure you it is begun in Assint. If the
Mackenzies all rise, as I hope not, the Marching of George's
Company to Inverness, may be a little retarded, and if we had
some help of arms here, in some events I dont care to name,
it might do the Government good Service, but I submit this to
your Lop's better judgment.

I had a letter by express from my son Sandie, acquainting
me with the unlucky action at Cockenzie, that he and his Lad
were safe, and very civily used, the rest your Lop. knows long
e're now. I shall only add that I shall exert myself in all my
power for the present happy constitution and that I am with
sincere esteem, my Lord, Your Lordships most obedient most

faithful humble Servant

Reay.

Alexander MacKay, who commanded a company of Lord Loudoun's
regiment, was taken prisoner at Preslonpans.

From the President to Lord Reay, dated IHh October 1745.

My Lord

I have the honour of your Lops of the 5th. I dare say the reason
for your Lops choise of the Subs for my friend George's Compy
are good and they shall be apprenticed accordingly. The E of
Loudoun arrived here last Wednesday to take upon him the
command of the Troops of all kinds in this country & as he is
in condition to subsist them it will be necessary forthwith to
bring the independent Compys together. Your Lop will there-
for without loss of time direct Georges Company to be made up
of the cleverest of the young fellows who I hope know that
they are no longer to be tyed unless they like it, than the present
exigence and that when it is over the Compy is to be made up
of listed and attested men in the usual manner, So soon as the
Compy is put together your Lop. will give directions to march
them towards Tain, where they will receive orders where to

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 93

come for their arms, & the expense of subsisting them shall
be made good as they will be put upon the Regular Establish-
ment when they receive their arms & commissions. They must
provide themselves in broadswords for the present service as
well as they can, since tho we have muskets and bayonets to
put in their hands we cannot at this juncture expect broad-
swords. A ship with arms is expected from the Tower and
then your Lop may have some arms for the rest of your people.
L. Loudoun brings certain word that besides the auxiliary
Dutch & the 10 British Battns already landed 8 more British
Battns & 9 squad were embarked for the North of England
where they are probably landed befor this time, that 2000 are
landed at Chester from Ireland & that a great force is march-
ing northwards against the Highlanders under the command of
Mar. Wade. Lord Loudoun I believe will drop you a note by
the bearer. My service to George I am yours without ceremony
etc.

This letter was not answered till 19th October, his lordship being ill.
He had ordered his men to be at Tongue on Friday [25th] (" Culloden
Papers," GCCGLXIX.).

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Brahan Castle, 10th
October 1745.

My Lord

I am very glad to understand of Lord Loudoun's arrivall at
Inverness, I hope he has brought alongst with him arms and
money for the new independent companies, as some of the
gentlemen I have promised commissions to seem impatient to
gett them, tho I should be glad to see your Lordship before you
fill them up. I have sent my factor Colin Mackenzie with this
letter, a man I intirely trust in, to acquaint you of what is doing
here, and to have your Lordship's advice, which I shall always
follow, and am with great sincerity and regard

My Lord

Your Lordships most affectionate
Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie

94 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

This seems to have anticipated the Lord President's letter to Seaforth
of llth October (" Gulloden Papers," GGCGLXIII), which was answered
on the 13th (Idem, CGGCLXVL). Lord MacLeod's refusal would occa-
sion a change in some of the officers, but he hoped to have one company
ready 24 hours after the commission was filled.

From the President to the Earl of Sutherland, dated llth October 1745.

My Lord

As the E of Loudoun is now arrived in this country to take
upon him the command of all the forces in it, the Independent
Gompys ought immediately to be brought together. I therefor
send this dispatch to your Lop to entreat that without loss of
time you will give the necessary directions for bringing together
the Gompy whereof your Lop has named the officers. Your
Lop's zeall for the good of your country & for his Majesties ser-
vice will undoubtedly dispose you to take care that clever
fellows be chosen & when the men, whose regard for your Lop's
honour is so strong, know that they are not to be bound longer
than for the present service, & that when that is over the Gompy
is to be made up by listing and attesting men in the common
form, I flatter myself there can be no difficulty of forming the
Compy in a moment. Your Lop will be so good therefor as to
order them to be immediately brought together at Dornoch &
when you give notice that they are there, directions shall be
given where they are to come to receive their arms & the officers
shall have their commissions according to your Lops recom-
mendation. The expense of subsisting them in the meantime
shall be made good, & when they receive their arms they shall
be put on the regular establishment. What we know certainly
by E. Loudoun is that besides the 6000 Dutch & the 10 Battns
Brittish already landed, 8 batt. more Brittish & 9 squadrons
were actually embarked at Williamstat for the North of Eng-
land, where he believes they are at this time landed, that 2000
from Ireland are landed at Chester & that Mar. Wade with great
part of the foot and cavallry formerly in England is marching
northwards to take upon himself the command. I offer my
duty to my Lady and am with great respect My Lord your Lops
most ob. and most hum. servt.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 95

From the Earl of Sutherland to the President, dated from Dunrobin,
14th October 1745.

My Lord

The 12th at Night I had the pleasure of your Lops. Letter of the
llth instant desiring that the Company whereof I recommended
the Officers, should be assembled at Dornach without loss of
time. I have ordered the Officers to bring their Men to the
Place of Rendezvous with all possible haste, and they tell me
they will have them at Dornach by Saturday the 19th, where
they will wait Your Lop's or the Earl of Loudoun's further
orders. Your Lop will observe that the stop the present
troubles have put to the Sale of all Country Commoditys, must
have made coin scarce, Therefore will advert to order subsistance
for the Officers and men against the time of their meeting at
Dornach. My Compliments to the Earl of Loudoun and I have
the honour to be

My dear Lord

Your Lops, most obligd

Humble Servant

Sutherland.

From the President to Ross of Inverchasley, dated llth October 1745.

Dr Sir

As the E of Loudoun is come to this country in order to com-
mand the troops in it, it is now necessary that the Independant
Compys projected be forthwith assembled. I therefore dis-
patch this to entreat that without loss of time the men necessary
for the Master of Ross's compy be brought together to Tain &
when we have notice that they are there, they shall have direc-
tions to come where the men shall receive their arms & the
officers their commissions, when they shall be payd regularly
& any expence laid out in subsisting them in the mean time
repayd. I need not repeat what I told you befor that the men
who serve at this juncture are not to be bound further than the
immediate service is over, when the Compy may be at leisure
filled up in the ordinary way &. therefor I should hope there
will be little difficulty in compleating the Company at present.
I know ways and means have been used to poison the people,

96 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

but I trust to your dilligence & zeal & to Will. Baillie's. I have
entreated the favour of Culcairn to advise & assist you. The
enclosed is only a note to Mr Baillie referring to yours. I am
Dr Sir Your most obt. & most humble servt etc.

The enclosure to Baillie of Ardmore is " Gulloden Papers," CCCGLXIV.
He had written to the President as follows :—

Ardmore 10 Octr 1745.
My Lord

I know your Lordship gets a great deal of trouble at this time,
and I am ashamed to add to it when I have nothing very
material to say. And yet I would not act up to the honour and
regard I have for you, my Lord, if I did not let you know what
ever may come to the knowledge of, with respect to the great
affair, in which your Lop takes so much part att this time, and
in which you have already done more Service to your Country,
as well as to his Majesty, than was in the power of any other
man alive to expect in the North of Scotland. But without any
further introduction I am to let your Lop know, that Mr
McDonell of Barisdale, called here early Monday last [7th], he
came lately from the South, and the day before from my Lord
Seafort's, Culcairn's and my Lo. Cromarty's. And he told me
he was so far on his way to Assint, to look after his private
affairs (for he has some possessions there) and was only to stay
two nights in that Country, after which he was to return by
Coigach and Lochbroom. I suspected he had something
further in view by this round, and asked him if he
did not propose also to get some men in Assint. He said
that he had no power to force men, but would not refuse Volun-
teers if they offerred themselves, and made only a short stay and
proceeded. However I dispatched a man who was in Assint
alike with him, that is tuesday morning and stayed there till
this day, 10 oClock. And as I have a management in that
Country so far as it is under Sequestration, I sent a message to
the people to avoid Barisdale, & on no account to go with him,
and my Express who is immediately returned informed me that
some of the people were looking for Barisdale and has been

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 97

convened at his comeing but not near so many as he expected,
and that he dispatched Couriers to all Corners to bring them to-
gether, but that no more than fourscore had come, when this
man departed from that Country. He says that about forty of
these agreed to go, but that Barisdale was resolved to get 200,
otherwise to do mischief among them. All the men in that
Country are no more than 200 McKenzies, McLeods & Kers, and
since Whitsunday last, which was Barisdale's Commencement
severalls have changed their names and turned McDonells. So
that at this time half the people are Mackenzies and McDonells,
and these I suspect will mostly go with this man. But the
Kers and McLeods will not, for they have been long keep'd in
a sort of bondage in that Country, and have no turn for Arms.
I am informed Barisdale goes tomorrow to Coigach, where he
may get about four score men, and these not good ones. But
if the Lochbroom men rise as he expects, they may be about
100, and with all these, or as many as he gets, he proposes once
next week to join a more general Rendezvous of Highlanders,
that will surely let off for the South, if not intimidated by the
actual landing of the Dutch & his Majesty's Troops. I cannot
imagine Barisdale had any instructions to lessen the Opinion of
People about the strength of the Highland Army, nor would
it be his own choice to do it going on such ane errand.
And yet from his account of them, they do not at all seem so
formidable as indeed I apprehended, for he does not call them at
the time he came off, that is Friday was s'Night [more than]
about 7000 Highlanders and others. And they were deserting
fast, for Keppoch McDonell had not of 250, above 100, and many
more had gone off but officers were sent to bring them back.
I enquired Barisdale if they had any English Gentlemen with
them, or expected assistance from England, particularly if they
had any intelligence abt. Sir Wat. Wins. He told me they
had no English men in their camp, nor did he think Sr. Wat.
Wins was in concert with their People. But that some Scots-
men now in England assure them, that persons of great Dis-
tinction in England, are preparing very fast to assist them with
men and money. But their names are so Lofty I dare not on so

98 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

slender an authority mention them. I would have given your
Lop. the trouble of this Letter how soon Barisdale went off,
but thought it more proper to delay, until I could say something
particular about his business to Assint. etc. One of his horses
set up here, and he carried one of mine with him, but promised
to return him Monday next, and desired me send his horse that
day to a place near Dingwall.

The Meeting which I mentioned to your Lop. intended near
Kessock did not hold literally, but other measures were devised
to bring about the same purpose, and it will be lucky for them-
selves if that is not past all doubt in a few days, so am informed
by no bad authority. I hear my Lord Loudon is at Gulloden
and brought arms &c on board a man of War, now att Cro-
marty. I shall be glad to receive your Lordship's commands
about the Co. intended for the Mr of Rosse, for I assure myself
he will refuse nothing that you my Lord thinks reasonable, and
proper for him to accept of, and whatever you will be pleased
to say will come very acceptably from Doctor Eraser, or any
other about you, for indeed I think the reading of this is too
much trouble to give your Lordship at a time when you have so
much to do, and so universal a Correspondence with people of
Distinction. I have the honour of being with the greatest regard
and attachment

My Lord
Yr Lordships most obedt and Most faithful Servant

Will. Baillie.

Barisdale does not say that the Imbarkation at Brest is designed
for Brittain.

From the President to George Munro of Gulcairn, dated llth October
1745.

Dear George

When we were last together I told you of my resolution of let-
ting your Brother's people have one of the Independant Compys,
with my reasons for resolveing on no more, unless Sir J. Cope
took the burthen ot ordering it. Lord Loudoun is now come
hither to take upon him the command of the Forces in this
country but without any signification from Sir John relateing

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 99

to the Gompys & as his arrival makes it necessary for us to be-
gin to act, You will let me know immediately how you would
have the commissions of Capt, Lieut, and Ensign disposed of.
You shewed men so lately that we may depend on one hundred
of them I should hope on demand, as when this immediate
service is over they will be at liberty and the Gompys may be
made up afterwards by attesting in the common form. You
will therefore order them to be brought together as soon as pos-
sible as you have arms & when you give notice that they are so
L. Loudoun shall send you orders & the commissions shall be
delivered. I told you formerly that a commission was intended
for the Master of Ross and I acquainted Inverchasly & Wm
Baillie who promised to provide the men. I have by this
bearer wrote to them & as you are better acquainted with those
matters than they are, I beg you may give them your advice &
assistance. Ld Loudoun will drop you a note by this bearer I
ever am Dr George yours etc.

From Munro of Culcairn to the President, dated from Newtoun, 17th
October 1745.

My Lord

Having seriously thought on what your Lop wrote in yours to
me of the llth instant, and what you said to me at Gulloden
on the 12th instant, I resolved to name the Officers of the
Independent Company, proposed for me thus, Myself for Cap--
tain, Adam Gordon, Yr of Ardoch, for Lieutenant and Hugh
Munro, Yr of Achanny, for Ensigne, and as I have arms for
them, I'le have them ready armed here (I mean the hundred
men desired) on Tuesday next the 22nd instant, and will be
ready to March with them the next day, wherever I'll be
ordered, but would wish to be left in this Country, as long as
possible, not only for our own preparation from theft, &c, but
also to discipline the Men to charge and fire by word of Com-
mand, but that as your Lop and Earle Loudon will direct, and
I am really

My Lord
Your Lops, most faithful and most obedt

Humble Servant Geo. Munro.

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On the 12th October the President wrote to Ludovick Grant, younger
of Grant, in a similar manner, the delay in writing being due to Lord
Deskford's visit (" Culloden Papers," CCGCLXV.). In any mention of
Grant the article, " A Short Narrative of the Conduct of Ludovick Grant
of Grant during the Rebellion, given in "Origins" (W. B. Blaikie),
should be consulted.

The following is headed, " Gopie of a paragraph of a letter to the
Laird of Grant, 17th Oct. 1745."

Dr Sir

This evening I had the honour of yours of the 16th. I am glad
to hear the Independant Gompy is in such forwardness. Your
proposition of giving that Compy to Rothie's son I confess for my
own part I like, as it is agreeable to my old friend Rothie at his
time of life &. as it would be a fine step for the young lad of
whom I have a very good oppinion. But how far the getting
young Rothie's commission disposed of in the way you propose
is at this juncture & as we are situated practicable is more than
I can tell, & whether Ld. Loudoun, whom I have not seen for
some days can resolve it, is more than I know. But if there
should be any difficulty in that negotiation at present I hope
Rothie will not deliberate because we shall have immediate
occasion for the Compy & a matter such as is now proposed,
may hereafter be accomplished at leisure, tho the situation at
this nick of time may not admitt of the transaction. However
if Ld Loudon is of oppinion the thing may with certainty be
done, the Captns commission shall be filled up as you desire.

Patrick Grant, younger of Rothiemurchus, held at this time a lieutenant's
commission in Lord Loudoun' s regiment.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Mugstot, 16th October.

My dear Lord,

Yours of the 10th with the agreeable accounts of London's
arrival and his news we got this morning here. The Officers
of the Companys will be set to work forthwith to assemble their
men, and have all the assistance we can give them, but it will
be some drawback on their speed that we have no money here

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 101

to sett them a working, and it is not easy or very safe to remitt
anie. We can send them but very indifferentlie armed unless
we should intyrlie strip those that remain in the Country, which
in some events would not att all be expedient, unless we were
sure of an immediate supply. Their being but now in the
throng of their Harvest is also a sort of impediment which we
must obviate the best we can. As both of us have made a sort
of muster of our men, we can easily draw the numbers you
mention armless to such places as that they would be able to
join other in a very short space, a day and a half or so will do
and tho' we want money we can find beef &c. to feed them.

As to more Commissions if you find it necessary to issue
them, we shall be thinking of proper people hereabouts. I
have already sent amongst the MacLeans as we did to Boustil.
Tho I can have no doubt of Fairburn, yett I wish he were fairly
at home. It would be very urgent necessity that would draw
Sir Alexander from home, now as Lady Margaret is very near
her time and nobody near that she has much confidence in but
himself, for me I cannot say I will be fond of Travelling in
heast, as I had a very sufficient Toss lately however if its thought
of absolute necessity and real use, am under authority and will
comply. We know here by a visitation of Ardshells who was
in the Battle that the Desertion after it was very great, and that
severall of their Officers are come home to Brag them out again.
You have the sincere good wishes of us here and we salute
Loudon.

I ever am yours

N. M. L :

Its odd [no] more of the Ships stationed here abouts have
called in att anie Part of this Island, as. Sir Alexr or I could
give them hints of what was expedient for them to do, on
several emergencies which they cannot possibly know other-
wise, and they can never fail to gett plenty of Pilots for Dun-
vegan Loch. If this appears proper to you I can convey a
letter to them either to Barra or Sound of Mull, whichever place
they are in.

102 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Mugstot, 16th October.

My dear Lord

This is wrote about 8 hours later than my last to inform you,
there is a considerable number of Broad Swords at Glascow,
that is a sort of arms much more useful to Highlanders then
Guns. Of Consequence it would be of use to have them con-
veyed here as soon as possible, as a Highlander does not think
himself properly armed without his Broad Sword.
The method to convey them I must leave with yourself, tho' I
think one of the Sloops of War might easily do the thing, but
of this you are best judge.

I am yours N. M. L.

From the President to George Munro of Culcairn, dated 18th October
1745.

My dear George

This afternoon I had yours of yesterday's date with the names
of the officers you propose for the Independant Compy : it is
enough to tell you that the commissions shall be filled up accord-
ingly but I will do more, I will assure you that the nomination
is exceedingly to my mind. Your ready ness as every other
step of your conduct is very remarkable & gives Ld Loudoun to
whom your letter was delivered at this place much satisfaction.
With respect to the march of your Gompy when you know that,
threatened as the Town of Inverness at present is with a visite,
Loudoun has made a disposition with the few men he has to
defend it, you will readily perceive that the sooner you come
it will be so much the better, as his men, tho they were more
willing than they seem to be, could not subsist many days with
the hard duty that is necessary to be done ; wherefor I am confi-
dent if you can, you will come rather befor than after Wedens-
day [23rd] but this direction or rather expectation is to be regu-
lated by the appearances that may offer, if the coast is clear,
for you have little more than half a day's march, you can fling
yourself into Inverness early, if there should be any obstruction
by the way, which I hope will not be the case, you must act
with discretion & Ardersier will fetch you to Inverness without
loseing much time. I wish to know from you what Inver-

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 103

chasly & Mr Baillie are doing with respect to the Master of
Ross's Gompy & that without loss of time. Doubtless you have
heard of the foolish attempt that was made in the night be-
tween Tuesday & Wedensday last [15th-16th] on this house. I
wish those attempts may not be followed by further follies. I
hope they will not, as the news from the south Ime told are
discouraging to those gentlemen. I am, my dear George, sin-
cerely yours etc.

(11) THE ATTEMPT ON CULLODEN HOUSE.

On 23rd September 1745, a warrant was issued to James Fraser of
Foyers, as follows : —

Charles, Prince of Wales, and Regent of Scotland, England
France and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belonging,

To James Fraser of Foyers

Whereas we gave a warrant some time ago to the Lord Lovat
to apprehend and secure the person of Duncan Forbes of Cul-
loden, which warrant, for sufficient reason, he could not put in
execution : We now judge it necessary hereby to empower
you to seize upon the person of the above-named Duncan Forbes,
and when you have so seized and apprehended him, to carry
him prisoner to us at Edinburgh, or where we shall happen to
be for the time, for the doing of which this shall be your warrant.
Given at His Majesty's Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Twenty-
third day of September, 1745.

By His Highness' Command

(Signed) Jo. Murray.

An attempt was made to execute the commission on the night of the 15th
October, or rather early in the morning of the 16th. On the 19th, the
President's sister, Mrs Fraser of Achnagairn, wrote an account of it to
the Rev. David Ross, Minister of Tarbat. (" Transactions of the Gaelic
Society of Inverness," Vol. XXVI.).

Ther is a pece of news that I think youl wonder at which is
that Wadsenday morning last ther was ane attack made by
three in the morning on the house of Coloden by no les than 2
hunder Stratherick men who in the silence of the night slipt in

104 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

through the Bushes clos to the get, and hade two leders planted.
When observ'd by the centrys emideatly as they were discovered
they shot six shot at the Gentries who gave them a warm return.
A small canon was fired which made them fly. The darknes
of the night hinderd fireing more but the vilans plundered the
Gernar and Hooks the weaver they took all his cloaths and cut
webs out of looms. There was one man found very sore
wounded nixt day who I am told has told all that wer there.
They took 60 waders of my Broths and 29 head of catel from his
tenants.

The President, whatever he may have thought, wrote to Lovat on the
18th, holding him innocent of the affair (" Gulloden Papers,"
GGLXXIX.). Possibly he was influenced in his opinion by MacLeod,
whose postscript to his second letter of 7th October (see ante) may refer

to an attempt on the President's life or liberty—" All plotts and ass g

schemes I am pretty sure is over "

Lovat had meantime written to the President on the 17th, as appears
by " Culloden Papers," CCLXXX., but this letter (which unfortunately
is missing) was not delivered at Culloden till the 19th. It was enclosed
in one to Bailie James Fraser, dated 18th, in which Lovat wrote—

and I beg you do me the honour to deliver it out of your own
hand to his Lop. after you peruse it, and put a drop of wax
under the seal, and I hope my dear Cousin you will do me the
honour to come here and see me and let me know what passes
betwixt the Lord President and you which will singularly
oblidge me.
(" Transactions of the Gaelic Societv of Inverness," Vol. XXVI.).

It is plain from " Culloden Papers," CCLXXX., that what was re-
quired of the bailie was to ascertain, not so much what the President
thought of the attack, but his views on the supposed disobedience of the
Master of Lovat. These views the President wrote clearly enough to
Lovat on the 19th (Idem), making only minor reference to the othei
matter.

I am sorry the idle attempt upon my house has given your Lop
so much pain. By a letter which I wrote your Lop last night
befor I received yours, you will see my sense of it. The people

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 105

loiter'd at Essich for some hours to taste my Mutton in day-
light, & by these means were all known ; but let them do no
more harm, & I freely forgive them ; only I wish they would
send back the poor Gardener & Weaver their things. And if
they do not send the Tennant back his Cattle, I must pay for
them. The poor fellow that was wounded in the foot show'd
so much resolution, that, without asking him any questions,
I caused dress his wounds, & sent him to the place he chose to
be at, with a protection for himself & his Landlord.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Dunvegan, 23rd October
1745.

My Lord

As the accounts of the attempt on your House gave me much
pain, so the knowledge of your being safe gave me real pleasure.
Lord Lovat my Friend seems to be in vast anxiety about it, and
with great reason as he is aprehensive his Stratherick men were
the Actors, if that is so I persuade myself he will do all in his
power to bring them to justice, his Letter to me on that head
is very strong, and had I not sent it with the other pieces of
news I gott last night to Sir Alexander I would in justice to
him have sent a copy of it. Our Independent Officers are busy
but by reason of bad weather go on but slowly. No doubt or
now you've heard of the arrival of a large sum of money and
quantitie of Arms from France att Montrose for the use of the
young Adventurer. Other News have I none, but that Sir Alex-
ander and Lady Margaret are well, and she still holds out, and
that you seem to be a favourite with all Ranks of people here,
at least they shew a strong abhorence to the attempt made
against you. I ever am as usual

Yours Normand Macleod.

Compare this letter with " Gulkfden Papers," CCGCLXXL,
MacLeod's real letter (of even date) on the subject, from which the last
paragraph has been omitted.

My dear Lord,

It is easier for you to imagine (by supposing your dearest friend
in your situation) than for me to express the different agitations
of my mind on hearing of the villainous attempt on your life ;

106 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

I hope God will still preserve it from the treachery of pretended
friends, or the open attacks of known enemies. I have a long
letter from Lovat about it, protesting his innocence and vast
concern, as Stratherick men were the actors. As the post assures
me one of the villains was taken, I hope a proper and full dis-
covery will be made. The attempt, since it misgave, will have
no bad effect on the minds of all ranks here, as they have an
utter destation to all such practices. I would gladly hope my
letters and messages to Lovat and Mac Intosh were not too late :
for the first I am sure they were not, if they can have any effect,
and that he was not absolutely determined aforehand ; as to
the latter, I always doubted, from his own weakness, & the dis-
position of my cousin and John Shaw.

There never was such dismal weather seen as we have had
constantly here ; hardly a day that it's possible to stir in any sort
of business. However, by the end of next week, Talisker, who
has just got a son, will be ready to move, & I will by that time
have a body of 300 men so disposed here, that they can move on
a day's notice. Sir Alexr has sent to Uist for his captain ; and
I am very hopeful he will be ready as soon as Talisker, or very
quickly after. The behaviour of my son's men vexes me to
the soul ; they were entertained in an outhouse of Lovat's, &
sent to the master's rendevous. Sandy McLeod [younger of
Muiravonside] is still here, waiting to see his uncle from Harris ;
he has made some attempts to raise rebellion against the knight
and me here, but with very bad success. The post was stopped
and searched by two of Barrisdale's men, but they found
nothing, so he passed safe.

There should allways be some cant letter from the doctor or
some one with ane apologie for your not writeing & telling all
the news, that signifies nothing. I have some hopes of seeing
Sir Alexr tomorrow, if not I'll go their Friday or Saturday &
probablie dispatch a runner to you, if theirs anie thing new
to say.

I am, with unvariable friendship,
Yours,

Normand MacLeod.
Dunvegan, Octr 23d, 12 o'clock.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 107

The two letters from MacLeod would have been carried by the same
messenger, the one securely hidden, the other to be found easily, if he
were searched.

MacLeod's letter to Lovat, also written on the 23rd, is printed in
"The Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness" (XIV., p. 9).
Murray of Broughton, so far as he may be accepted, has the following
passage in connection with Lovat's complicity in the endeavour to seize
the President (" Memorials," p. 277).

In conversation his Lordship [Lovat] . . . complained that
the order he had required to impower him to seize upon the
person of Mr Forbes of Gulloden had not been granted in the
terms he demanded, viz., dead or alive. From which he
endeavoured to show how easy it would have been to accom-
plish his death, and thereby have prevented the Junction of

McL d with the other Northern Clans ; who had done so

much to hurt the Princes affair : and that provided the order
had been in these terms, the attempt upon his house would not
have proved abortive • but as they had not sufficient power,
they were obliged to make a shameful retreat inconsistant with
the honour of his Clan.

These statements are very doubtful. In point of fact, Culloden House
was well secured. From a letter, dated 30th September, and quoted
in the " Sutherland Book " (II., 258), it appears that " The President
keeps 100 men in his house & some pateraroes mounted."

On 24th October the President wrote very candidly to MacLeod
(" Culloden Papers," CCCCLXXIII.).

My dear Laird,

I need hardly tell you, that the receipt of your letters & of the
knight's were very comfortable to me ; partly as they satisfy'd
my mind about your health, for which I was under great appre-
hensions ; & partly as the messenger, who came alongst with
them, gave evidence to some of my neighbours, that the knight
& you had not run stark mad, & that my guess was better than
theirs, which, if they had not lost all discretion, may in some
degree restore them to their senses. The effect of your message
to L. Lt I do not know, as the messr says he appear'd sullen

108 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

and reserved to him ; it is possible he may be more communica-
tive to the young man as he returns. M sh seems to me

rather to be pleased, & has dispatched expresses to some of his
tribes that are gather'cl & on wing, not to stir, for some days at
least. How he will succeed I know not ; he certainly would but
for one person, whom I love much.

Since the foolish attempt on this place, I have had two letters
from my friend Lovat, on two different subjects ; the one, that
simple story which he disclaims in the strongest & most con-
vincing manner, expressing the highest detestation; & in that I
have agreed with him, & declared my opinion that it has given
his Lop much more concern than it has me ; the other, the
present situation of his family, which gives him the greatest
agony ; & that is, the mad resolution of his eldest son, who, in
spite of all that he has been able to say to him, & in spite of all
the good advice which you & Gortuleg have zealously bestow1 d
upon him, has put himself at the head of the Clan, who are
passionately fond of following him, & cannot possibly be
restrained by my Lord's authority from following the fortunes
of the adventureing Prince ; which not only may destroy the
master and the family, but bring his own gray hairs with
sorrow to the grave. When my Lord wrote this letter, the
master had made a sort of muster of the men of the Aird ; he
had by detachments from them bully'd the Urquhart men, who
were on their way marching by the Laird's orders to Strathspey,
& forced them to return home. He had pass'd over to Strath -
errick, where he was reviewing the posse, & he has since cross'd
the Loch to Urquhart, where, in conjunction wt Colonel Angus
M'Donell & Barisdale, he is said to have persuaded the
Urqt men to do what [Grant of] Sheugly & some other of these
Gentlemen wish'd. On this subject, I wrote to my Lord a very
serious & at the same time a very friendly letter ; laying open
the unavoidable consequences of the suspition which the
Master's inconsiderate conduct might create, not only to my
Lord's family, but to his person, & hopeing that if what I sug-
gested were properly represented to the young man, natural!
affection to so indulgent a parent, & filiall reverence, would get
the better of his politicall zeal. My Lord has return'd me many

MORE nULLODEN PAPERS 109

thanks for my good advice ; says, he sent my letter to his
son to Stratherrick, to be inform'd by Gortuleg ; but doubts it
will not answer his & my wish : &, indeed, after the master
should have received it, he made his trip across the Loch to
Urqt ; but then this happened, in point of time, before my Lord
received your message, & when his common answer to the diffi-
culty suggested, from the danger of his person if the clan
march'd, was, that he would be carried to Dunvegan, & be
shelter'd where his father dy'd. Whether your message may
make any alteration in the Master's measures, I cannot take
upon me to say. Barisdale was the day before yesterday with
him, & I believe may not be far from him still. He made but
ane unprosperous recruiteing in Assint & Lochbroom, tho1 they
say some men have followed him from Cogach.

I had last Saturday a letter from the E. of Gromerty, con-
tradicting the many lies made of him, & assureing me that all
the steps taken by him were only to provide men for the service
of the Govt, pursuant tc his declaration made to me at Culloden
severall weeks ago ; which, I told him, I was very glad to hear ;
& yet I am assured, the Ld Mac Leod was the day before yester-
day at Castledownie. Fairburn came straight to Gulloden from
Carlile Tuesday at noon, without touching at Ins, in the same
disposition in which he parted with us. I sent him that night
to Brahan, w'out stoping by the way, & hinted to him what I
had the day before heard from Sky. Caber [Seaforth] stood in
great need of him; his Rintail men will soon be down. The Sal-
tash sloop with some arms [arrived] three days ago in Cromertie;
but for lack of wind has not as yet reach'd our road. We have
not yet so many as we shall have occasion for, but I shall write
for more. Upon Martin's shewing me a note from you, I have
advanced Santy 20 guineas, to be apply'd as you hinted. If
the carriage to Sky were safe, which it is not, you might have
what you want. The independant compys must immediately
be put in march, as the rest are assembling & drawing to Ins.
Gulcairne's is already there ; one of you two must necessarily
come with them, and manage them, whilest the other remains to
take care of the island : but of that more in my note of the same
size to the Knight, for whom this is intended, as that is for you.
I am heartyly the Kt's & yours, &c.

110 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

In regard to the attempt on Culloden House, Andrew Mitchell, who had
heard the rumour, was under no delusion as to where the blame should
be placed (" Culloden Papers," CCXCVIL).

Soon after I had the pleasure of your letter, a report was spread
here, that you had been attacked in the night between the 16th
and 17th October by about two hundred of the Frasers, and that
your Lop was actually a Prisoner in their hands. I need not
tell you what concern this gave me in particular, because, in
general, everybody that wished well to the present establishment
appeared affected with the news, and the loss of you was con-
sidered as the loss of the Northern part of Scotland. We were
in a few days relieved from this anxiety, by the accounts of the
defence you made from your house, & of the Rebels failing in
their attempt. I will not pretend to guess who was at the
bottom of this nefarious scheme, because I am morally certain,
that without the consent, & perhaps contrivance, of a certain
person, whom no tyes can bind, nor no favours oblige, that
Clan had never dared to endeavour to seize your person.

Lovat's further correspondence with the President at this time may be
read in " Culloden Papers," passim. It may be remarked that the
letter of 29th October (CCCCLXXXV.), dated from Inverness, is not now
to be found, and is most probably from Lord Loudoun, and not from the
President, whose own letter of 29th October is CCLXXXVI. Number
CCCCLXXXV. in addition does not appear to be correctly dated, and
was perhaps penned at a later period of the negotiations.

(12) THE INDEPENDENT COMPANIES (ii.).

From William Baillie to the President, dated from Ardmore, 17th
October 1745.

My Lord

I am just now returned from the Highlands where I have been
concerting about the men who are to go from this Country and
have pitched upon 100 very good men, all Tenants of the Estate
of Balnagown, that are now in readiness to move as your Lord-
ship shall direct. It is intirely in the way of Militia I agreed
with them for. Some people among ourselves industriously
spread false reports in the Country that had almost turned the

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 111

men wild and they would on no account enter ane Independent
Co., so as to be alwise bound, but they are clear for present
Service and will act as faithfully as any Troops for his
Majesty's Service and as your Lordship shall order, so I shall
be glad to receive the honour of your Commands, and as the
men have resolved not to proceed unless I go alongst, I am very
willing to do so or anything els that may be in the least obliging
to your Lordship.

I shall give subsistance to the men while they are in this Coun-
try, and as long thereafter as necessary. But where are they
to get arms.

Barisdale contrare to my expectation and far contrare to what
he proposed has been 8 days in Assint greatly troubled and
distressed wt. the people in that Country. For at his arrival
they flocked to him very throng, and while some aquavitae wh.
they had tasted, they engaged not only to follow, but to fly
after him, and fight like Dragons, and he had as he supposed
near 100 of them engaged. But he would not go with those
while there were a few more in the Country, for he must have
all. But when the whiskie was done, and the people sleepd
and coold they began to repent, and by the means of one Ross
who lives there, a great band of them deserted, and several
others followed and were joined by some who had not engaged
at all, and to the hills they go, and tho' close pursued by some
others they have made good their escape and came in mostly
to Balnagown Highlands where they were received and pro-
tected. But in order to bring them back, their Cattle is seized
and driven off their possessions, by a party detailed for that
purpose, but which party is defeat and the Cattle retaken and
sent entirely out of their way. There was also some unlucky
devision betwixt Barisdale and the leading people, about the
Command of the men, and tho' that was adjusted after 24 hours
contest it had such effect that several more deserted and
the Commanders united could not reclaim! the fellows since
they had no aquavitae. And in short, My Lord, I believe
Barisdale will not bring from that Country 30 men. There
is also a great Sessession in Coigach and Lochbroom, my Lord
Seaforth having signified his displeasure att the intentions to

112 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

move and I believe that out of all the three Countries scarce
a hundred (if so many) will go. And there is now very little
appearance that any in West Ross will stir. Meantime there
is a Report about a Vessel Landed at Montrose with Arms,
money and several officers, which rises peoples Spirits, who
are in a fluctuating way. [The remainder of the Letter is
missing.]

From the President to William Baillie of Ardmore, dated 19th October
1745.

Sir

Last night I received yours of the 17th & this morning one from
Inverchasly of the 18th. I am glad to hear that the Gompy
is in such forwardness. Inverchasly says they will be together
at Tain this day ; what is much wanted is their being as soon
as possible at Inverness whither Gulcairn is marching as soon
as possible & in the safest manner. His Compy have arms & if
yours could come up with them would be a protection to them.
How far this may be done I cannot tell, but without loss of
time you will acquaint him with your readyness & advise with
him what is fittest to be done. Arms will be delivered to
them when they come to Inverness as we cannot at present
think of any safe way to convey arms to them. I hope they
in the mean time will provide themselves with swords & pistols
as well as they can. I am glad you think of comeing alongst
with them. What you lay out on their subsistance befor they
arrive shall be at sight repayd. I am mightily diverted at
the acct. you gave of Barysdale's recruiting in Assint. Your
care on this occasion has been of great service. If he do not
recruit better elsewhere, the Gentlemen at Edr must be dis-
couraged, as a considerable army is now marching against
them & by this time not far from the Border. The second
embarkation of British troops from Flanders is as I am advised
landed at Newcastle. You must before this time have heard
of ane idle attempt made on this house 3 nights ago. It is
their beginning with this kind of horse play that makes me
talk of your useing caution in your march. I am glad you
think the young man, whom both of us mean, will play the

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 113

fool no further. You will show this to Inverchasly as he will
show you what I write to him, as it prevents me trouble &
avoids repetition. I am Dr Will treuly yours

Note at end of letter : — " Writ to Inverchasly referring to the above &
mentioning Pitcalny's son."

On 20th October, he wrote to Lord Sutherland, asking that his Com-
pany should be at Inverness as soon as possible. (" Culloden Papers,"
CGGCLXX.).

From the Earl of Sutherland to the President, dated from Dornoch, 21st
October 1745, 12 o'clock.

My Lord.

I received yours just now and have reviewed some of the men
here, and ordered them to march to Dunrobin, where they shall
be sent in Boats to Inverness, for as no arms is sent me, I value
my men so much that I wil not alow them to March throw
disafected Gountrys without arms as I know they are good
men. Being fatigued for some days past in his Majestys Ser-
vice I am

Your Lops most obliged Humble Servant

[Sutherland].

P.S. I have given some arms to the People which I hope your
Lop will order to be returned.

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Brahan Castle, 23rd
October 1745.

My Lord

I was very glad to understand from Fairburn Your Lordship
has been taking the air on Horseback, which exercise I much
prefer to fatigues on foot.

The two Companies will be compleat the beginning of the
Week, As I have not settled all their Officers, I shall not write
about them till Your Lordship sees them at the Head of their
Men either at Inverness or Culloden, as you direct. In the
meantime I think their pay might go towards the maintenance
of two or three Hundred men, I have about this House. I
Q

114 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

believe [Roderick Mackenzie of] Redcastle must be a Captain,
as [Alexander Mackenzie of] Davochmiluach has no men, unless
I give him some wh. I dont chuse.

The Chisholm was here yesterday and says he can't at this
Juncture see you, but, whatever his way of thinking is, to my
certain knowledge he will doe nothing to disoblige your Lord-
ship ; and is your humble Servant. I beg you wont give yrself
the trouble to answer this, as you will hear from me when the
Companies goe over. I continue

My dear Lord
Your Lordships Most affectionate Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie.

P.S. The Coigach Men came to Castleleod two days ago, to the
amount of forty five men, the rest, being about twenty, deserted
on the Road. Their Arms consists of four Guns and five
swords. Ardoch [Mackenzie of Ardloch] is I believe come from
Assint but without any men. Barisdale got but five.

The Ghisholm was very much in the interest of the Lord President.

Writing from Beaufort, llth May 1745, Lovat, referring to a process for

murder at Inverness, says : —

The Ghisholm triumphs and so he may for he has got the
better of me, for he has spoke to the Lords and to the Advocate
Depute and to his known great patron, the President. . .
(Hist. MSS. Com., Laing MSS., II. 310).

See also " Culloden Papers," CCGCXIV. William Ghisholm, who car-
ried that letter, was a son of the Ghisholm. " His father is a good friend
of mine," the President told Cope. Something will be said of him later.
On 24th October (Idem GGCCLXXIV.), the President wrote to Sir
Alexander Macdonald that his and MacLeod's companies should march
forthwith, intimating that the presence of one of them was necessary.
The condition of Lady Margaret Macdonald made it extremely difficult
for Sir Alexander to come, and MacLeod was not anxious to do so.
(See his letter of 16th October). The President was now " almost
resolved to have 2 other companies from Sky," one from Sir Alexander
and one from MacLeod ; and in consultation with Lord Loudbun the
matter was definitely settled. These two additional companies were
to come to Inverness, the men to be armed there, and the officers to
receive their commissions (Idem).

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 115

On 29th October he wrote to MacLeod (Idem CCCCLXXXVI.).

In my last brewes to you and the knight, which I am confident
came safe to your hands, I desired the immediate march of the
two compys for which you carried the commissions, and of two
more for which I shall issue the commissions ; & I press'd that
one or other of you should come alongst. I in my conscience
think, that measure will determine severall of our neighbours
to save themselves ; & that the appearance which we may make
is the only means left to prevent the harsh measures that may
be push'd against our country ; & what determines me more
than ever to think the presence of one of you here necessary,
is, the industry I see stirring amongst the weak politicians of
this neighbourhood, to debauch both officers & private men ;
and the disposition of some of those you trust (if the suspition
I have already insinuated be just) to favour the cause which we
are engaged to oppose. For those considerations, both officers
& private men must be strongly indoctrinated before they leave
home ; & some one, who has authority over them, must neces-
sarily come alongst with them. What the burden may be of
the express which Lovat sent you ten days ago, I cannot tell ;
but he gives it out he has still some hopes from your answer.
If he inform'd you that great quantitys of arms, or large sums
of money, came by the ship that landed at Montrose, he has
been misled ; for I have been assured, the arms did not exceed
1,500, nor the money half as many thousands. Another vessel
got in to Stonehive with some arms, but without money ; & one
from Spain, with arms & money, is by a privateer carry'd into
Bristol. There is a supplement directed to ye Kt. Farewell.

Ludovick Grant of Grant, instead of at once bringing the one com-
pany he had agreed to furnish, now proposed without warning to bring a
large number of men to Inverness, but apparently it was not his intention
that these should be inrolled in one or more independent companies (Idem
GCGCLXXVI. and GGGGLXXVII.). This was according to Lord Desk-
ford, but by Grant's own letter of 26th October (Idem CCCCLXXVIII.),
it appears that his one independent company was to be complete that
day, and would arrive at Inverness on 29th or 30th at latest. On 28th
October he wrote again to the President in answer to his of the 27th (Idem
GGGGLXXXI.).

116 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Castle Grant October 28th 1745.
My dear Lord,

When I desired Deskford write your Lop. the other day, I was
fullie determined to have marched five hundred men from
Inverlaidnen to Urquhart and to have been with them at In-
verness as Saturday Night. But as I writt you in my last that
James Grant of Dell had come from Urquhart and informed
me, that the Erasers and McDonells had left that Country and
gone far astir and when I reflected that it might not be con-
venient to march so large a Bodie to Inverness without having
Lord Loudoun's approbation and Your Lordship's I thought it
best to wait a return. I am so ashamed that Rothemurchus
Company should have been so long of being at Inverness that
I dont know what to write or what to think. When I pro-
posed draughting of the men tother day, though all were will-
ing to go in a Bodie and to serve their King, and Countrie, yet
some difficulty was like to arise which gave me Infinite Pain.
I called the Gentlemen aside and told them that as my honour,
inclination and interest and all that was valuable to me was
engaged to serve the Government, that I depended upon their
honour and spirit upon this occasion, to help me to put the
Company together within two days. All of them have engaged
to exert themselves and I hope tomorrow we shall be ready,
but in all events I shall march with at least a Company who
may be depended upon, and I can answer that there is not a
man I had together last day, but will follow me to serve his
Majesty, which I will do to the utmost of my power. I beg
Your Lordship will' make the best apology you can for me to
My Friend Lord Loudoun. The unaccountable method of Re-
cruiting for some time past occasions me all this trouble, At
present all here join in offering Your Lordship our sincere Com-
pliments which we hope you will make acceptable to the Earl
of Loudoun and

Believe me to be My Dear Lord
Your most faithfull and Obed. humble Servant

Lud : Grant.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 117

The Earl of Sutherland, who was still applying for a " certain com-
mission," presumably that of lord lieutenant of the Northern Shires,
dispatched his company in excellent time. It arrived at Inverness on
25th October, " earlyer than any of those that have been call'd for ex-
cept Culcairn's which was just at hand." The officers, however, had
still to be named. (" Gulloden Papers," GGCGLXXIX., GGGCLXXX.)-

Seaforth's companies were still incomplete when he wrote on 28th
October, sending a list of officers, which has been omitted from " Gul-
loden Papers," CCCCLXXXII.

My Lord,

I have obey'd your directions about the Sky post ; he will be
safely conveyed to the sea side. If I had heard anything worth
notice, your Lordship would have heard from [me] sooner. I
return thanks for what you wrot to Farrintosh ; however, as the
men I have just now here are arm'd, I fancy none will offer to
attack my house, tho' prudence requires one to be on the guard.
Lord Cromertie, his son, Macculloch of Glestulich, and Ard-
loch's Br, came here Fryday. It was as unexpected a visit as
I have receiv'd for some time. As I did not like to turn him out
of my house, he stay'd here, but seem'd very pensive and dull.
However, if I had known then what I doe now, I would have
been uncivill to some of the company by makeing them
prisoners ; for Ld Macleod went yesterday to Lochbroom to
endeavour to get men, and I suppose will go to Assint. Inclos'd
your Lordship has a list of the officers' names belonging to the
two companies. I offered them to Goul and Redcastle, but
neither of them could be prevailed on to accept ; so I gave it to
one I will answer for. It was from Goul's house Lord Mac-
leod went to Lochbroom, which vexed me. However, I shall
remember all these things when the troubles are over. If I had
been Sheriff of the county, I fancy it would have authorized me
to doe several things which I have not a pretence to doe at
present.

I am, with great regard, My Dr Lord,
Your Lordship's most affectionate humble Servant,

K. Mackenzie.

Braan Castle, Oct ye 28th, 1745,

118 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

P.S. My intelligence is very bad, as few come here.
A list of the officers of two Independent Companies.

Alexander Mackenzie of Fairburn, Gapt.

Alexander Mackenzie of Davochmiluach, Lieut.

William Mackenzie, Brother to Dundonald, Ensign.

Colin Mackenzie of Hilton, Captain.
Alexander Campbell, my Factor, Lieutenant.
William Mackenzie, Brother of Allangrange, Ensign.

On 30th October, Seaforth sent Mackenzie of Fairburn to Culloden.
(Idem CCCCLXXXVIII.).

My Lord,

As Ferburn is the bearer of this, he will inform your Lordship
of all I know, which is very little. I wish you wou'd give him
his commission (for a certain reason), and tell him you expect
his company will be compleat at Inverness this week, and that
I promised you to ha^e them both there before that time. In
my little sphere I have as great reason as most people to cry out
0 Tempora, 0 Mores ! Some want resolution, others honour,
and some free of both.

I am, with perfect esteem, My dr Lord,
Your Lordship's most affectionate humble servantt,

K. Mackenzie.
Braan Castle, Octr 30th 1745.

It is probable that Seaforth had in his mind Lord Cromartie, who now
threw off the mask which he had worn less attractively but far more
successfully than Lord Lovat. Up to 19th October he had protested his
innocence (" Culloden Papers," CCLXXI.), which on 21st October the
President said he believed (Idem CCLXXXIII.) On 6th November he
and his son, Lord MacLeod, were at Beaufort (Idem CCLXXXIX.),
whence on 9th November they marched south to join the Prince. The
following extracts are from the President's letter to Lord Tweeddale,
written 13th November (Idem CCXCIII.), and is his official opinion of
Lord Cromartie and of some others: —

This commotion among the Frasers I did not look for ; but what
surprised me more was, ane intrigue, carry'd on by means of
the E. of Cromerty, to debauch the Mac Kenzies from their

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 119

Chief the Lord Fortrose, who is extremely zealous for his
Majestie's Govt, & to draw them into Rebellion. This design
was so well masked, that tho' I had severall hints of it, I could
not give credite to them. The Earl visited me at this place full
of the strongest assurances of zeal for his Majestie, with offers
of all his Men to be employed in the Service ; & tho' he after-
wards declined accepting one of the Independant Compys,
which I offered to his Son, yet he wrote me a Letter, assuring
me, that his sole intention in bringing Men together was, to make
out his original Declaration to me ; but when it appeared that
he was acting in conjunction with Mac Donald of Barisdale,
already mentioned, who was employ'd in forcing the Men of
Assint and Lochbroom into the Rebellion, all means possible
were used to disappoint the design. Barisdale miscarry'd in his
project, & Lord Fortrose brought down some hundreds of his
Kintail & Loch Garron Men, who bridled the Mackenzies with
whom Lord Gromerty had been tampering ; so that he has not
been able to prevail with above 150 or 160 of them to march.
With those he & his Son march'd last Saturday to Urquhart, on
the North side of Lochness, with intent, as was said, to wait for
the Frasers, & with them to march Southwards. Haveing
thus given your Lop a sketch of the disagreeable, it is reason-
able, in the next place, to give your Lop some view of the agree-
able side of our situation. Lorcl Fortrose is as zealous as it is
possible to be ; &, but for the intrigue I have just mentioned,
would have had his clan intirely unanimous.

Sir Alexr Mac Donald and Mac Leod have been of vast use for
preventing the growth of the Rebellion : their example & in-
fluence has done much good ; & as the other Highlanders had
flattered themselves with the hopes of their assistance, the dis-
appointment exasperates them, & has made them vow revenge,
which by all means possible must be prevented.

The Duke of Gordon has not been in good health for some weeks
past & has for that reason not been able to do that service to

120 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

the Govt that might have been expected from him ; but the
Rebells have not had the least encouragement from him ; & to
that it is in a great measure oweing, that they make very small
progress in recruiting in places where, in former times, multi-
tudes would have joined them.

I should be to blame, if I did not inform your Lop, that
the E. of Sutherland has shewn a very becomeing Zeall on this
occasion. The Compys that were expected from him were
brought together, & join'd us without loss of time ; & nothing
in his power will, I am confident, be wanting to promote the
service. Ld Reay sent us his Son, with a very handsome Compy;
& the Munro's, whose situation is indeed the nearest, were, as
your Lop will observe from the 1st paragraph of this Letter, the
first that came in.

The case of Macpherson, of Glunie, is, that he had very
lately a Captns Commission in the E. of Loudoun's Regt ; he
attended Sir John Cope on his march to Ins. & was allowed to
go to his own house for a night, in order to bring his Compy
together, to join Sir John on his march. He was seiz'd by the
Rebells that Night in bis house, whether with or without his
consent did not then appear, nor does it now, otherwise than
as, after haveing been carry 'd about with the Highlanders as
a prisoner for some Weeks, he at last listed in their service,
return'd to Badenoch, &, partly by perswasion, partly by
violence, prevail1 d with the greatest part of his Kindred, to the
number of about 300, to go along with him to the Highland
Gamp, which they reach'd before the Rebells left Edr.

As to the President's own exertions, Lovat wrote, 6th November (Idem

CGLXXXIX.)—

For if it was not for your Lordships great zeal, extraordinary and
unheard of activity & fatigue the Venturer Prince would have
10,000 before he went south, instead of two ; and with that num-

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 121

ber would have marched straight to London without opposition.
So that the King owes more to your Lordship on this occasion
than to any subject in Britain; and I do assure your Lordship
that the King's enemies are very sensible of it; and that you
are more obnoxious to their hatred and revenge than any man
on earth.

(13) A NOTE ON MACKENZIE OF FAIRBURN.

Alexander Mackenzie of Fairburn found himself in much the same
situation as Mackintosh of Mackintosh, his wife being an ardent Jaco-
bite— "une fort jolie personne," who "a vendu ses diaments . . .
pour lever des hommes" ("Origins," p. 100 note). She was Barbara
Gordon, daughter of Bailie Gilbert Gordon, well known in his day in
Inverness and the neighbourhood. Her mother was Marjory Mackin-
tosh, daughter of William Mackintosh (brother of James Mackintosh of
Termit) by his wife, Barbara Cowie; another daughter, Margaret Mack-
intosh, was wife of Provost John Hossack. Barbara Gordon's first hus-
band, to whom she was married in 1735, was David Brodie of Pitgaveny.
He died in 1738, leaving an only son, Gilbert Brodie, whose sole curator
was his grandfather, Gilbert Gordon. In February 1741, Bailie Gordon
was congratulated on his daughter's marriage to Fairburn. The con-
tract is dated in January 1741, and an entail was made in 1749 on
Roderick Mackenzie as the only son of this marriage. In 1760,
Roderick's uncle, Cosmo Gordon, as son and heir of Gilbert Gordon, was
summoned to choose curators for the said Roderick, as eldest son and
heir of the deceased Alexander Mackenzie of Fairburn. These details
have been given, because accurate information on the Mackenzies of Fair-
burn is not easily obtainable, and the identity of his wife seems hitherto
to have puzzled genealogists.

On Fairburn's own side there was considerable Jacobite tradition,
his mother having been Winwood Mackintosh, daughter of the famous
Brigadier (A. M. Mackintosh, "Brigadier Mackintosh of Bor-
lum.") Moreover, his brother-in-law was Coll MacDonald of
Barisdale, in whose regiment his own brother, Kenneth Mac-
kenzie, was a captain during the Forty-five. Vainly had Fairburn
written to his father-in-law in the previous January. "My brother
Kenny, I think I'll board him with Mr Thomson, I'll have him to learn
book-keeping and arethmetick with Mr Barber."

122 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Having interviewed the President on 30th October, Fairburn wrote
to him two days later as follows.

My Lord

Doubtless this line, which is signifying my incapacity for serv-
ing the Government by accepting of one of the New Independent
Companys will surprise your Lop, the more as I had the honour
of being with your Lop two days ago. My not declaring it that
day was owing to a Concert [this] forenoon with My Chief for
whom notwithstanding I hurt my private interest by refusing
this merk of his and your Lops friendship, I will while I breath
endeavour to promote his Interest. Reasons weighty enough
for this part of my conduct, I dont pretend to give, but hopes by
[torn] kness & goodness to be excused. My Lord Seafort is
highly displeased, yett I'll convince his Lop I am sincerely his
man, as any Mackenzie alive— I was not brought up a Soldier—
A Grasier or Farmer is all I pretend to, both which I peacablie
incline to notice — I am with real! esteem and due regard

My Lord
Your Lops most obliged & obedient Servt.

Alexr Mackenzie.
Fairburn 1st Novr 1745.

Apparently the President sent an answer to this, as shown by "Culloden
Papers," GCCCXCIV., and the following fragment, which is in Fair-
burn's handwriting.

My Lord

Your Lordship's very kind letter came safe to hand ; ere I
woud write back, I went to Braan wt a view to speak my mind
fully & clearlie wt my Chief, whom I found not in good humour
to talk wt me, on this I beat my march & came to my little
home, where, I bless God, I've welcome, ease & the good will
of my neighbours.

The plain undisguised cause I refused the commission is that
I woud bring no tash or imputation on the little family I repre-
sent, by shewing that I woud oppose the lineall heir male of
the Stuart line, as this small mealling I possess was given my
predecessour by King James the Fifth in free gift. So your

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 123

Lordship may see the case is conscience with me. I confess
to my shame I did argue wt myself that I ought not to lett slip
an opportunity, so beniflciall to my worldlie interest as an
Independant Company : this was the cause I stickled at all.
Poor as I am, I woud give one hundred guineas I had refused
it, how soon it was proposed. Now, my Lord, I take God to
witness I bear you the greatest reguard & esteem & tho Ld.
Seafort be angry att me, I'll endeavour to support his Family
while blood circulates through my veins. That he has an evill
counsellour without head or hands (I mean Sanders Mackenzie
[Chamberlain] in Ferrintosh, his son Colin) by whom he is
solely directed & who makes his sole aim, to my conviction,
to give his Lo. bad impressions of his Clan except Colins [letter
torn] immediate relati [remainder missing]

Fairburn's apology is unusual, and could hardly have appealed to his
chief, but the President wisely did not make further mischief. Writing
to Seaforth, 6th November, he stated that he had had " no other satis=-
faction than to be convinced that his [Fairburn's] affection to your
Lordship continues the same as ever, & will be such to the end, tho' a
sort of nicety prevents his doing at present what your Lordship & I so
much wish ; and since that is the case, I presume your Lordship has
resolved how his place is to be supply'd " (" Culloden Papers,"
CCCCXCIV.).

(14) THE INDEPENDENT COMPANIES (iii.).

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Dun vegan, 30th October
1745.

Address : — For The President.
My dear Lord

Yours of the 27th I gott only this day, it found me rendevouzing
a part of my men. I shall be imployed in the same way to-
morrow and next day, after which they will move without delay
towards the number of 300. As I think it next to certain the
Highland Army will soon recoil back, it would be the greatest
hardship in earth if we were not properlie provided with arms,
to enable us to withstand any insult might be offerred to us, and
has been so much threatened. 240 of my best men are in Harris.

124 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

I am resolved to move 150 of them here at my own expense, in
case there should be occasion for them, and if I'm gone,
[?] Macdonald will take the command of them, as he writes
from Mogstot, I referr all the rest to him, of our movements
&c. and this with your Epistles travell there immediately. My
young Kinsman is not yet returned from Lovat, so I can echo
nothing from them. Tho I complained of a real want, money,
I did not mean anie should be risked to gett here, but the 20
guineas which is sent. Cows and Credit however borrowed
may do till meeting. I am intyrlie yours

Normand Macleod.

Order a letter directed for Mrs Macleod of Talisker with your
first Courier to Sir Harry [Innes] and from thence to Aberdeen.

Two letters from Sir Alexander Macdonald to the President, dated from
Mugstot, 31st October 1745, should be compared. The first is the osten-
sible letter to be shown if the runner were searched; the second is the
real letter, carefully concealed.

Address

The Right Honourable

Duncan Forbes of Culloden Esqre,
Lord President of the Session.
My Lord

I long to hear from you, of you I have, & of your safety from
the villanous attempt of your Neighbours. My Lord Lovat's
Letter to Macleod put his having any concern in that matter
beyond Dispute, as he swears the strongest Oaths that he knew
nothing of so mad & so foolish an attempt. The Laird I saw
lately at the making of Talisker's Son a Christian, he was in
better health than when he returned from you, I am to have him
here soon, & perhaps to witness a washing of the same kind.
Daily Landings from France are conveyed to us, but lyes are so
numerous one doubts of a Truth, I suppose the Difficulty of
consigning letters to this Place is the reason why I have not the
honour to hear from your Lordship.

I am, My Lord,
Your most obedient humbJe Servant

Alexr Macdonald.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 125

Address : — For The President.

My Lord

I shall make all the dispatch possible to have my quota in readi-
ness to travel with the Laird. Captain Macdonald I expect
hourly from Uist with men, but the men of this Country shall
travel with his Lieutenant, but there is a necessity, when the
men have got to you to send a proper Escort of them with arms
to this Island. As soon as the Laird departs I repair with his
men, and my own to the Part of this Island next the Mainland.
.Margaret is still afoot. I am ever

Yours very much

Alexr Macdonald.
Mugstot 31st Oct. [17451

The nomination of new Officers your Lordship will delay till
they appear with their men and one of them will have a Letter
from me to your Lordship.

Grant's company marched on 2nd November (" Culloden Papers,"
CGCCXCI.), and on 5th November the President asked him for a second
company (Idem CCCCXCIII.).

Fragment of a letter from the Earl of Sutherland.

Dunrobin 4th November 1745.
My Lord,

I was favoured with vours of the 26th Ulto by James Anderson
and am satisfied that he made all the dispatch possible, having
sett out from Inverness on Sunday by Boat and arrived here
early Monday Morning with the Arms I sent with the men.
As your Lop. directed me to raise another Company, I lost no
time in sending to the different corners of the Country, to have
them brought together, And has one half of them here just
now, but the other half which is to come from Strathnaver,
being at a considerable distance has not yet come down, but I
expect them hourly, and shall not then lose a minute in dis-
patching them. As [remainder missing].

By 6th November 4 companies had reached Inverness — the Munro's, the
Earl of Sutherland's, the Mackays, and the Grants. Seaforth's two
companies were expected, unless, as the President suggested to him,

126 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

he might think it expedient to keep them where they were, " to prevent
follies in your neighbourhood," to which suggestion Seaforth replied,
8th November, see " Gulloden Papers," CCCGXCIV. and CCCCXGIX.,
which follows.

My Lord,

I had the honour of yours of ye 6th, which I had been expecting
for a day or two before. Last Wednesday Ld Gromertie passed
the river at Gontin, with about a hundred men, in his way to
Beulie, without my knowledge (owing to th'e neglect of my spies,
as there's rogues of all professions). I have since seen severall
that numbered them. Ld Macleod came from the Highlands
the same day, and follow'd his father to the rendevous ; but after
traversing all Assint and Lochbroom, did not get one man,
tho' he expected to get the Macleods there. I have this satisfac-
tion, that not a man has stir'd from Ross-shire, except William
[Mackenzie] Kilcoy's brother with seven men, and a tenant of
Redcastle' with a few more ; and if [Mackenzie of] Len-
tron & [Mackenzie of] Torradon did goe off last night,
they did not carry between them a score of men. I
took a ride yesterday to the westward with two hun-
dred men, but find the bounds so rugged, that's impossible to
prevent a single man from going by, if he has a mind. How-
ever, I threatened to burn their corn-yards if any body was from
home this day ; and I turn'd one house into the river for not
finding its master at home. Its hard the Government gives no-
body in the north power to keep people in order. I don't chuse
to send a Company to Inverness till I hear what they are deter-
mined to doe at Lord Lovat's. I took care of the Sky post, and
shall doe the same of every thing else you recommend.

I am, my dear Lord,
Your Lordship's most affectionate humble servant,

K. Mackenzie.
Braan Castle, Nov. ye 8th, 1745.

P.S. [Mackenzie of] Coul has absented; where he is gone I
know not.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 127

Lord Reay wrote, 6th November, offering to raise a second com-
pany (Idem CGGCXGV.), on which date the President made a note that
he had written to MacLeod

of the motions of Lord Lovat's people, of the expectations from
some of his neighbours, of the message sent to him, of the march
of some of the Clanchattan, of the advice to Macintosh, of Fair-
burn, and pressing that he may be as assisting as possible to
him. The same date a letter to Sir Alexander giveing him the
common news & hinting to him that MacLeod should take all
proper precautions on his march to prevent any surprise.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Mugstot, 5th November.
This, from its size, must have been very carefully concealed.

Address : — For the President.

My dear Lord,

We received yours of the 29th yesterday, our people will be in
motion tomorrow, and if they meet with no interruption you
may expect them that day se'enight. As they will be but
indifferently armed, some of your Neighbours may take a fancy
to visit them which were they armed would not much alarm
them but if they think what the consequences must be if they
try that experiment, I fancy they will at least deliberate.
Fairburn by a few proper scouts Can know if they attempt to
move anie thing like a body of men, and he may send intelli-
gence to the westward, that they may putt themselves in a
posture to make the best defence they can, you will better than
I can suggest to you, know what is fit to be done on this occa-
sion, and so I leave it with you, and refer everything else till
I have a further opportunity of writing

I ever am yours

Normand MacLeod.

From the Earl of Sutherland to the President, dated from Dunrobin
6th November 1745

My Lord,

I wrot your Lop of the 4th Curt, to which reffers, and am
obliged to make a further apology, for a borrowed hand, my
cold continuing so violent that I am obliged to sign this in bed

128 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

By the directions I got from your Lop, in your Letter to
me of the 26th of October last, I have raised another Inde-
pendent Company for his Majesty's Service, and as I have the
naming of the officers, I recommend as Captain, Patrick Suther-
land, Brother to the late Kinminity, for Lieutenant, William
Mackay, younger of Pitfure, and for Ensign, John Mackay of
Mudale, whose names I have hereunto subjoined with my own
hand.

I believe your Lop, is already satisfied with the Captains
Character, and I assure you the Lieutenant and Ensign are
pretty fedlows of good character and stench to the good cause.
I own I have a particular regard for the Lieutenant and if his
Conduct answers my expectation, he'll deserve to be taken
notice of, and if he should merit better things, I make no doubt
your Lop will mind him, when he makes any application to you.

I would not choose to be too troublesome to your Lop, but
as the Bearer James Anderson has served me faithfully for a
good many years past, I both intended and promised him some
little place to better his future, and for this end recommended
him to the late Earl of Orford, who promised to mind him,
but his death prevented that design, so farr that he is still un-
provided for as yet, and tho' I am willing to continue him in
my Service providing a small Sinecure could be got for him
which would be more agreeable to him, yet if that cannot be
conveniently obtained I'll part with him on condition, it is made
up to him in another way. I have charged James Anderson
with severall things by word of mouth to avoid too tedious
Letters.

And have named as Officers Captain Patrick Sutherland
Lieutenant William Mackay and Ensign John Mackay I am My
dear Lord

Your Lops most obliged Humble Servant

Sutherland.

The last paragraph is in Lord Sutherland's own hand.

An opportunity for sending despatches to the south was given by the
return to Newcastle about 17th November of the "Saltash," which had
brought 1500 stand of arms and £4000 in cash (" Culloden Papers,"

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 129

DV.). By it the Lord President wrote to Lord Tweeddale (Idem
CCXGIIL), the letter being dated 13th November. It shows the arrival
of the companies at that date — the Munros, 23rd October ; the Earl of
Sutherland's, 25th October ; the Grants, 3rd November ; the Mackays,
4th November; and Lord Sutherland's 2nd company, 8th November.
MacLeod and his men arrived on 15th November (Idem DV.). The
company raised in Assint by Hugh MacLeod of Geanies is shown as com-
pleted, 28th November, that is the date of its arrival at Inverness.
(Idem CGGXVIII.).

The following notes (undated) on the Independent Companies are
in the Lord President's handwriting.
Q. If or how exercised.

Q. On service — whether by detachment or by kindreds.
Q. As to rank. Whether they may not for the present take the
roll of duty according to the date of their arrivall at In-
verness—their permanent rank to be afterwards settled
and

Q. Whether when that comes to be adjusted it may not be
proper to class them so that the first ordered companies
should take place of the 2nd and where there is no per-
sonall claim to rank, should fling the dice — thus Cul-
cairn's personall claim being admitted the first com-
panys ordered from Sutherland, Seafort, Reay, Grant,
Macdonald, Macleod, woud fling [the dice] and after-
wards the 2nd with Will. Macintosh.

Q. If duty is to be done by kindred, ought not those who have
the least connection with Lovat to be employed to keep
him in order & the same as to Murray, Banff & Aberdeen.
In view of the fact that Lachlan Mackintosh (of the Daviot family),
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Prince's Mackintosh regiment, was a resident
in Inverness, but not a Bailie (see note, pp. 124, 125, by the author of
" The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan," in Fraser-Mackintosh's " Anti-
quarian Notes." — Ed. K. Macdonald), it may not be amiss to say some--
thing of the William Mackintosh just mentioned, who certainly was a
Bailie of Inverness, and commanded one of the Independent Companies
formed of men raised locally by himself. This company was complete
on 18th November, the lieutenant being Kenneth Mathison, and the
s

i30 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

ensign, William Baillie (" Culloden Papers," CGCXVIIL). The House
of Culloden being less than four miles distant from Inverness, it may be
presumed that arrangements in connection with this company were
made verbally, at all events no trace of a correspondence survives
among the collections, and local historians scarcely seem to have been
aware of its existence. That William Mackintosh was one of the
Bailies of Inverness seems clear from a letter quoted in Dunbar's
" Social Life in Former Days " (p. 348). It is dated 16th December
1745, and narrates that " Culkern [George Munro of Culcairn] and Bailie
William M'Intosh are just now come in heir [Elgin] with two hundred
men more, and Lord Loudoun is expected with five hundred more to-
morrow." As it is known that William Mackintosh's company did
march eastward (see next article), the fact is established that the com-
mander was a Bailie of Inverness.

As there were then living two of the name, each of
whom had been or was a Bailie, it is necessary carefully to
distinguish the two. There was William Mackintosh, sometimes
called of Borlum (over which he had a bond), son of John
Mackintosh in Lynvuilg, grandson of Lachlan Mackintosh of Borlum, and
nephew of the famous Brigadier. The evidence, however, seems wholly
in favour of the William Mackintosh, son of another William Mackin-
tosh by his wife, Barbara Cowifi, and nephew of James Mackintosh of
Termit. The younger William's first wife, Marjory Mackintosh, died
in 1726, leaving no issue surviving, and soon after he married " Mistress
Isobel Forbes," whose connection with Culloden has not been proved,
but may not unreasonably be inferred. Moreover, one of his sisters,
Margaret, was married to ex-Provost John Hossack, so much in the
President's confidence, and the other, Mary, was the first wife of Bailie
Gilbert Gordon. In a letter (given later) from Hugh Inglis to Gordon
he mentions " Gapt. Mclntosh (I mean your brother in law)." Bailie
and Captain William Mackintosh (born in 1692), died 13th May 1751.
The Town of Inverness thus contributed its special quota for the service
of the Government — " a company of 100 Highlanders raised in the Town
of Inverness" ("Culloden Papers," DXIX.) — commanded by one of its
own magistrates.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 131

(15) YOUNG PITCALNIE AND THE ROSSES.

On the death in 1711 of David Ross of Balnagowan, the last of the
direct line, the Rosses of Pitcalnie were generally recognised as repre-
senting that family, though they did not succeed to the estates. Alex-
ander Ross of Pitcalnie married Jane, daughter of George Munro of
Newmore (by Margaret, daughter of Duncan Forbes, third of Culloden),
and had a son, Malcolm Ross, who, in spite of his relatives, joined the
Prince's army in 1745. The President (who was also connected with
the Rosses by the marriage of his sister, Grizel, to David Ross of Kin-
deace) feJt keenly the conduct of his great-nephew, the more so that
young Pitcalnie had been appointed in the previous June to an ensigncy
in Lord Loudoun's regiment. A very strong letter to Pitcalnie was
written, 25th October, by the President (" Gulloden Papers,"
CGCGLXXV.), in which he says

I never was more astonished, & but seldom more afflicted in
my life than I was when I heard of the madness of your son.
I cannot conceive by what magick he has been prevail'd on to
forfeit utterly his own honour ; in a signall manner to affront
& dishonour me, whom you made answerable for him ; to risk
a halter, which, if he do not succeed, must be his doom, with-
out any other tryaU than that of a court martial ... the
villains who seduced him ... I never will forgive, tho him
I will if he return quickly to his duty. . . .

To this letter Pitcalnie replied as follows :—

Arboll. 28th Oct. 1745.

My Lord,

I had the honour of receiving your Letter, by my Friend Mr
Baillie on Saturday last, and the contents of it, tho' they did
not surprise me, being sensible of your Lordship's Friendship
and goodness towards me and my Son, has added mightily to
that Sorrow and affliction which has of late almost reduced me
to the last extremity and which is such on these very considera-
tions you mention, as I cannot indeed express in Words or put
in Writing, and the only blink of ease I have is when I consider
of my own Innocency and how much the measures which my
Son has taken were without my knowledge or approbation.

132 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

And it will be great Justice of the Divine goodness if those who
seduced him at his tender years, and brought such affliction on
me and misfortune on him my only and Dear Child will meet
with pardon and forgiveness;

I hope your Lordship will not doubt of my attachment to
the present Establishment, for which my Father appeared
zealously in the last Rebellion at the head of five hundred men,
and I would do the same now were it equaUy in my power,
and that my health and situation allowed of it.

Mr Baillie has desired me not to give your Lordships letter
out of my hands, and therefore I cannot send it to my Son ;
but will write him in the most earnest manner, and by all the
most powerful arguments, to come here directly, so as I may
have an interview with him, and ane opportunity of telling him
how much it is his Duty and Interest to take your Lordships
advice, and put himself still under your fatherly Protection.
But truly I have my fears that considering his past conduct
how much of my Displeasure he must be apprehensive about,
that he will not come near me nor take the least of advice, I
heartily wish it may be otherwise.

Mr Baillie has been proposing to me that we should concur
in bringing some men to Inverness for the present Service, and
I would agree to that with all my heart and soul, tho' I know
it would be no manner of purpose, until they compose a little
and be made free of several apprehensions, which they were
either impressed with or Conceived for themselves, but they are
at present so alarmed that I cannot apprehend it will be in the
power of man to get them even to a hearing. However Mr
Baillie says he will try. And since I could not go in person
in quest of my Son, I have sent with my Letter a Gentleman,
who is a friend of mine and will talk to him very closely, and
with as much success as any man can doe. He will say severall
things that I cannot safely commit to writing in the Troublesome
Times, and whatever answers I have from my Son I shall im-
mediately acquaint your Lordship with them, which is all at
present necessary, but to assure your Lordship that I am with
utmost regard. My Lord

Your Lordship's much obliged and

Most obeclt humble Servant. Alexr Ross.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 133

N.B. The condition of my health is such, that I am obliged to
make use of a borrowed hand which I beg your lordship may
forgive.

On the same day, William Baillie of Ardmore, who looked after the
Balnagowan interests, also wrote to the President (" Culloden Papers,"
CGCCLXXXIIL), and the letter points to young Pitcalnie having been
influenced by the thoughts of " chiftanry." He may even, as only son
of the heir male of the Rosses of Balnagowan, have had his eye on the
estates (" Culloden Papers," CCCLXXXVI.), anticipating the famous law-
suit of after years. The worst result of his "madness" seems to have been
the inability of getting a sufficient number of the Rosses definitely to-
gether to form the Independent Company so much desired by the Presi-
dent (Idem CCCCLXXXVIL).

From David Rose of Tarlogie to the President, dated from Tarlogie, 1st
November 1745.

My Lord

Your Lop's favour of the 25th October was delivered me last
Monday by Mr Baillie and he told me he was to write your Lop
the nixt morning by express, with old Pitcalny's Answer and
Difficulty anent getting the men together again, We are since
last Saturday in a great Alarm and Pannick, that severall Hun-
dreds of the McDonells, Glenmoristoun people & Erasers are to
visit us and that we are to expect no mercy, if we doe not joyne
them and last night Mr Baillie wrote me he believed they would
come, in which case we to be an easy prey as we have no arms,
and tho' we had, as we are ane unhappy divided Country,
they'le meet with little or no opposition. My neighbourhood
is of late tainted with the Modern Principles almost as much
as your Lop and indeed Severalls I never suspected, are to say
no worse, very cool, & have exerted themselves avowedly to
make the people believe Mr Baillie and I were to make sale of
them ; till its certain we are not to be invaded by the above
mentioned Highlanders, its in vain to think of conveening the
Men. If they come I expect to be worse used than any except
Honest [Macleod of] Gayniss. And in caise of such an attack,
if your Lordship has leisure to write, I beg a few Lynes of
advise and directions. When the fright is over, I hope Mr

134 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Baillie will go heartily to work to make out the Company.
My assistance will be as forward and keener than in any affair
ever recommended to me, as I see many strong weightie
reasons for it, My footman would have had equal success with
[young] Pitcalnie in sending them home, but none can pre-
tend to bring them out but by violence and force for all the
Countries are frightened & debauched. I was in Sutherland
& at Dunrobin last Week, when the Earle assembled his Com-
pany & for as absolute as his Lop is, he had the greatest Diffi-
culty he ever mett with to make it out, he was obliged to be the
Executor of his own Warrands and to go through all his
Country, and to my knowledge there is not six volunteers in the
100. I believe Culcairn mett with abundance of trouble and
so doe all and Sundrie. I was write of the 14 ultimo from
London that the Mr of Ross was then there. I wish your Lop
would get a letter safe conveyed to him, so as your Lop might
press him to lose no time in coming to this Country by sea.
I'm certain if he came the people Gentle & Commons, are so new
fangle that before he was 48 hours in the House of Balnagowan
his Company would be full of good men. There would not be
nigh such difficulties in Raising all our Country as 100 men.
For they say why shall I go & not my Neighbour. If Sir Robert
Munro is in Brittain, as I hear he is, I'm very certain his presence
in this Country would be of the greatest Service to His Majesty
and the Common Cause. All be east his House would stand
in awe of him, & would obey his Call & with great submission.
I think your Lop. should endeavour to get him North by Sea,
for I'm affraid this will not be so soon over, considering the
advanced Season, My Lord I can only answer for myself &
with the greatest Cheerfulness I'll risque my own and my two
Sons lives & fortunes in the Cause & particularly in obeying
your Lops. Commands, which gives me the outmost delight. I
cannot think young Pitcalnie can be reclaimed, which gives me
great pain. I wish we may have speedy and good accounts of
our Army. I am with the greatest esteem and respect immag-
inable My Lord

Your Lops most obliged, most faithful and most

devoted obedient Servant David Rose.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 135

Three days later the President wrote to young Pitcalnie himself,
offering a safe-conduct, should he come to Culloden, but without effect
("Culloden Papers," CCCCXCIL, CCCGXCVIL), and on 7th November,
at the suggestion of David Ross of Inverchasley, he wrote to "the gentle-
man you mentioned of the name of Ross " in relation to the independent
company.

. . . to my great mortification I have been informed that the
men who were assembled for that purpose were prevailed upon
to disperse upon the interposition of ane unhappy youth, a near
relative of mine, whose conduct you may be sure gives me in-
finite pain. . .

On the same day he returned all Inverchasley's letters, telling him how
much he wished news would come from Lord Ross or the Master of
Ross ; the latter he thought would come by sea, which eventually was
the case.

From Alexander Ross of Pitcalnie to the President, dated from Arboll,
9th November 1745.

My Lord

I received the favour of your Lordships Letter from Culcairne
and cannot express my sorrow on my Son's account, when
invited in so friendly a manner and on his own Terms. I was
att all the pains imaginable to get him home, and wrote him in
the strongest manner, representing his dangers and the miserie
he must bring on me by this folly and the ruine and distruction
of my family in case of his death.

I sent a very sensible and discreet man who could reason
with him and respect the fatal consequence of his disobedience
to my Commands, his return was far from being Agreeable.
Last week I sent Andrew Rose a son of [?] Bedlays who called for
my son from Lord Lovats to [?] Ardnagrask, and argued with him
in the best manner he could but to little purpose, he told him
he was in honour bound to return to his confinement, and to
assure me he would do nothing that would give the least offence
to the Government and was very sensible he had incurred my
displeasure in the highest manner in dismissing those people.
I can assure your Lordship he has not one man with him except
his Servant and I am credibly informed he never proposed to

13G MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

any of those people to follow him, they went peacably home to
their respective dwellings that very night he dismissed them,
& hopes the Gentlemen that are to Meet Culcairn tomorrow at
Taine will concert such prudent measures as will conveen the
people and march the Company to Inverness, to which I will
concur as much as I can. My health is not yet confirmed nor
have I been abroad since the 26th of August last.

My sons conduct afflicts me much, more than I can express,
and discomposes me from doing things in manner I ought. I
pray God may preserve your Lordship, hereafter you may con-
sider us one of those Familys, who were, and are not, for I
never will recover the loss of that Youth. I with great esleem
remain

My Lord

Your Lordship's most obliged &

Most obed. Servant

Alexr. Ross

Pitcalnie's name does not appear among the signatures to the letter from
certain of the Rosses in answer to the President's letter of 7th Novem-
ber. This had been delivered by Munro of Culcairn, and the reply is
dated from Tain, 10th November. See " Culloden Papers," CCCCXCVI.,
CCCCXCVIIL, D., DV., and DtV., which follows.

From the President to George Ross, dated 15th November 1745.

Dear George,

By another letter of this date, I have acknowledged the receipt of
the strong boxes ; & by one to Mr Mitchell, besides what I have
wrote to the Mar. of Tweeddale, I have so far explain'd the
state of this country, that he will be able to satisfy your
curiosity. What I write this additional letter for is, to let you
know, that your namesakes have not, whether from knavery or
folly, or a mixture of both, behaved themselves as I expected,
or as they ought to have done. So soon as I received the com-
missions for the indepent compys, I sent for Mr Baillie & Inver-
chasly, & acquainted them with my intentions of giveing one
to the Master of Ross, with the Lieut. & Ensign that were pro-
posed. They seem'd very well satisfy'd, found no difficulty in
raiseing the compy, & promised to bring the men together so

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 137

soon as they should have notice ; which coulcl be no sooner than
we could have arms & money : when these came, they had
notice & brought 100 men together ; but, upon some difficulty's
raised by Pitcalny's mad son, they dispers'd ; & tfio' I have
wrote to them, as a kindred, a letter, & sent Culcairn to Tain,
where he had meetings with them, all I have got from them is
a promise, that in a fortnight the compy will be brought to-
gether. I do not choose to conjecture at the cause of this back-
wardness in the people ; it is surely not disaffection. Some of
the gentlemen question, whether the Master of RO&.S would
accept, and others pretend he will not because he is not already
here. If I knew where to write him, I would ; & as you do,
I desire that you may let him know how the matter stands ;
to the end, if he cannot come, he may write to his friends in
the strongest terms. Inverchasley is, I am confident, sufficiently
zealous. I am so monstrously tired with writeing, that the only
other thing I can submitt to the trouble of writeing about, is
poor John Innes, who writes me word from London, that his
misfortunes this campaign have not left him a groat ; & begs
some supply. Remittance is impossible, & my purse is pretty
well drain'd ; let him, however, have somewhat to keep the
bones green, & put on a coat, & I shall pay you.
I am, Dr George, Yours &c.

(16) MISCELLANEOUS (OCTOBER TO DECEMBER).

From John Urquhart of Craigston and Cromarty to the President, dated
from Gromarty, 8th October 1745.

My Lord

I had the honour of your Lordship's Letter, I aim much obliged
to you for taking the trouble to write me, which I know was
intended to caution your Friends and Neighbours from doing
any thing precipitously that may ruin themselves and Families ;
for my part my next resolution after that of returning and
settling at home was to live peacibly under any Government it
should please God to set over us, which resolution I am deter-
mined to keep by, and amuse myself with Books in Winter and
Farming in Su'mmer, which is all the employment I either
expect or (now my health is much broke) desire under any
T

138 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Government. Everybody who knows how much the Dutch are
interested in the Public Funds, must think they will readily
give at least the stipulated assistance, and that the Government
will bring from Flanders what more Troops they judge neces-
sary. There are many unexpected chances and fortunes in all
Wars, but greatly more in a Civil War than in any other. I
cannot express how much I am concerned at the fate of my
Country, which has been often almost ruined by Civil Wars.
I heartily wish it were in my Power to serve your Lop. in any*
thing, if ever it is I pray you to command me, for I have the
honour to be with the most sincere and Grateful Regard and
esteem

My Lord,
Your Lordships most obedient & most oblidged

humble Servant

John Urquhart.

On 25th September, John Hamilton, Factor to the Duke of Gordon,
who had joined the Rising, came to Aberdeen, and tried to force James
Morison, the Provost, and some of the Bailies to drink a Jacobite toast,
after the proclamation was read (" Origins," p. 118). Morison's own
account is in his letter to the Lord President of 10th October (" Culloden
Papers," CCCCLXI.). As part of that letter is not printed, the whole is
here given.

My Lord,

The place you hold under his present Majestic, & the so faith-
full pairt your Lop has acted in your high station for the interest
of his sacred person, & all that's dear & valuable to Great Britain
at this juncture, makes me presume to trouble you with what
follows.

I am just now at some distance from Aberdn & from my
famiely, not thinking myself safe to be in the way of those who
had used me in so unreasonable odd a manner, as was my fate
the 25th past ; when, being seized upon by an armed party of
Highland-men, was violently forced down to the Cross ; and
there, with some broad-swords over my head, was obliged to
stand till their Proclamation was read ; & because I refused to
drink a health they proposed, I had a glass of wine spilt down

139

my breast ; which was, I acknowledge, making me suffer in a
way, next to taking my life, that non could have affected me
more. In so far they gott what they aim'd at ; but sure it was
no advantage to their cause. It is my great support, that what
I underwent on this occasion was for endeavouring to be faith-
full in the discharge of my duty in my station, under the present
happy establishment, and which I hope I shall ever esteem it my
greatest honour to doe, as Providence shall give me opportunitie.
I will take a more convenient time to inform your Lordship of
the particulars of my treatment ; meantime thought it
most necessary to acquaint you so much in the general
of this matter, intreating your Lordship will advise me in what
manner I should behave, That my being at the Cross at such a
time (however evident it can be made appear 1 was dragg'd
there) may not be constructed wrong at a time when the Govern-
ment will not without cause be jelouse of every man they are
strangers to. This being a matter of great concern I hope your
Lordship will pardon this freedom. This happen'd the day of
our election ; we had in the forenoon chosen a new councell, in-
tending as usewall to elect the office bearers in the afternoon,
but when I mett with the above treatment I saw it was follie to
make an attempt that way, it being evident no magistrate when
chosen could do the lest good office to the Town, nor could an
election of Magistrates [have] answered any other end than to
lay those who wes chose more open to the insults & resentment
of those that had alreadie in effect taken all power upon them-
selves, even to such a degree as to oblidge some of the old office
bearers to pay about £8 ster for printing their manifestos & the
wine drunk on the cross. Yet I found some of our Gouncell
(they know best for what good reasons) mett that evening with
a design to proceed, but a message sent to them, to qualifie other-
ways than we had done in the forenoon, they thought fit to dis-
perse ; for my part, I had gone out of town & almost ever scence
have scarce seen my own house.

Your Lop observes our new councell is chose, but no office-
bearers ; & we want much to know if that councell will stand ;
and if it & the old councell can at a convenient time choose the
office-bearers, without any new powers from the Crown. I

140 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

hope your Lop will give me your thoughts of this matter.
There is no news but that it's said the castle of Edr are now
allow'd to get what provisions they want; which, no doubt, you'll
have sooner accots of then we. Depending on an answer from
your Lop, I remain, with the greatest truth,

My Lord,
Your Lop's most obedt hu. servt,

James Morison Junr.
Near Aberdn, 10th Octobr 1745.

To this the President replied, 19th October ("Gulloden Papers,"
GGGCLXVII.)

Sir,

This morning yours of the 10th inst. was sent to me from
Cromertie. The useless, insolent usage you met with at your
Gross, & your resolute behaviour, I had formerly heard, & was
sufficiently approved of ; nor need you doubt that it shall be
properly represented in due time. The discontinuance of your
election is what you could not help, under the then circum-
stances ; & tho' it is a misfortune to the town, it must be
endured, as well as they can, untill a legall remedy can be
apply 'd ; which is no otherwise to be done, but by a warrant
from the Crown, either to continue the former Magistrates &
Gouncellors in office, or for a new election. But the remedy,
in either of the ways, appears at present unseasonable. The
good people must therefor at present live in the most neighbourly
way they can ; as no one, I believe, would choose (tho' the com-
munity should by one consent think fit to authorise him) to act.
I cannot blame you for keeping yourself as private as you can
until this storm blow over; which I pray may soon happen,
with as little loss to this poor country as possible. I am, Sir,
sincerely,

Your most obt & most humble servt, Ac.

Morison' s answer was not written till 29th November.

My Lord

Your most agreeable favour of the 19th past, came safe to hand.
I have great pleasure that from it I can depend upon your Lop.
doing me the honour to represent the manner in which I have

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 141

been treated for serving his Majesty's Interest in this place
(while the Army Under General Cope was at Aberdeen) by the
Enemies of our happy Establishment. I shall therefore make
bold to rely on your Lop's Friendship in this affair, which has
always been most steady to the objects of it, and which our Town
has upon every occasion experienced and entertains the highest
sense of.

As yet this place has kept very peacable and free from any
Hardships, till within this few days, that those who have not
paid up the Cess in Town are Quartered upon by order of our
present Governour, how they succeed you shall be acquainted
in my next, by the same hand write.

I observe your Lop. is of opinion, as our Election was not
compleated, on the ordinary day, a Warrant from the Crown
must be obtained, either to continue the former Magistrates and
Council another year or for a new Election.

In the year 1716 there was a Warrant sent to the then late
Provost and four Baillies, impowering them to choose a Nev?
Council &c. which is a precedent, and would in my humble
opinion be the best Method at this time, how soon we shall be
blest with a Seasonable Opertunity, for the continuing the old
Council and Office Bearers another year, would be both incon-
venient and might prove hurtful to the Interest of the Town's
Affairs, there being many Mortifications and other Funds belong-
ing to the Town, which are under the Management of some of
these Office Bearers, and which gives them so great trouble,
that its with reluctance they undertake to serve even for one
year (tho' the sett of the Town obliges them to it.) and it would
be vain to expect them to continue longer, expecially as their Ac-
counts are all cleared and balances settled for last year. And
we find it an advantage that these Ballances be received by a
new Office Bearer, who is a Spur to his Predecessor, in having
them paid in, and laid out again for the Town's benefit. There
is besides this imprudent steps taken, to say no worse of it, by
some of the late Council to discourage me in what will appear
to have been at this critical Juncture my indispensible Duty.

1*2 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

But my letter being already too long, I wont trouble your Lop
with any further particulars, but have the honour to be with
great truth

My Lord
Your Lops Faithfull & most Obedt Humble Servt.

James Morison Junr.
Aberdeen 29th November 1745.

P.S. There is this Week, 6 Ships arrived from France 2 at
Montrose, one at Stonhaive 2 at Peterhead and unluckily one
here, there is about 600 men on board them, and its said some
large Gannon, and small arms. The Hazard Sloop, is taken
within Montrose Harbour. The Severity of the Quartering for
the Cess and so little prospect of speedie relief, has made every
person pay, almost in Town.

Meanwhile the President had written to the Town of Aberdeen, to
encourage their loyalty.

Gentlemen

Mr Forbes of Edit has been with me, and has made such a repre-
sentation of your zeal for the Service of the Government, and
of th^ good Disposition of many other of the Citizens of Aber-
deen, as I am heartily glad to hear of, and shall not slip any
opportunities of making it known where it may be of Service
to the City, and to them at present as are employed in bringing
together what Force we can for our own Security, and for the
Protection of such as are neither ashamed nor afraid to own his
Majesty's Government, and we soon hope to be in a condition,
not only to support ourselves, but to make it safe for our
Neighbours to express their Loyalty. When that happens, it
is our purpose to March some men towards your Town, to pre-
vent the insult which we are informed you are still threatened
with. Mr Forbes will inform you more particularly what we
are doing in this neighbourhood.

I am Gentlemen

your most obedient and most humble Servt
Culloden 8th November 1745.
To Provost Robertson and Conveenor of Aberdeen

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 143

The following is John Murray's original order for the collection of
the land tax in the shire of Elgin.

Holyrood 8th Oct. 1745.
Sir,

You are hereby ordered to Levy and Collect all the Cess or Land
Tax payable by the Shire of Elgin due and preceeding Michaiil-
mas last, which you are hereby ordered to pay into the Secre-
tary's office at Holyrood, within ten days, from the first Sunday
after receipt thereof, and the order you are to obey under the
pain of Military Execution to be done against your person and
effects.

By His Highness Command

Jo Murray.
[At the foot of above.]

Sir,

The inclosed came to my hand by express with ane to the Col-
lectors of Nairn, Inverness, Ross, Sutherland Caithness, which
I have forwarded by express. You1 11 take care to do your duty
in this matter

Your humble Servant

Capt Alexr Gordon.

Excuse bad write being in a Hurrie. The enclosed was struck
open at Brechin, upon Suspition.

From the Magistrates of Elgin to the Lord President, dated from Elgin,
8th November 1745.

My Lord

We had the honour of yours of the 18th of September [" Cul-
loden Papers," CCCCXLVL], wherein we notice that the General
Service could not then permit of sending any Number of men
to lye here, but that in some time hereafter, we might expect
such a Force as we wrote your Lop of. Its true since then
we have met with no actual disturbance tho' often threatened
therewith, untile this day when unexpectedly a few men pre-
tending orders from a certain Lord addressed the Magistrates
for a Licence to beat up through the Town for Recruits, being
our Weekly Mercate day. And upon being refused they told
they had orders for that purpose and would do it upon their

144 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Peril, and accordingly, went through the Town with Drawn
Swords and screwed Bayonets, while the Magistrates were in
the Council house, concerting what was proper measures to
oppose them, and before any tolerable Number of men in arms
could be convened, they along with some others who afterwards
came to Town, broke open a Public Innkeepers Stable and
carried off a horse belonging to Mr Thomson, General Super-
visor, and afterwards one of them came to the Magistrates then
in the Council-House requiring Billets for a pretty considerable
number of men on the March from Fochabers to this place,
which soon hereafter by certain intelligence we found was false.
However, as by all intelligence we can procure a certain party
of men said to be headed by the said Lord, is to come here some-
time next week, to Levy Men and the Publick Money &c here.
This and the hardships we apprehend from them makes us
earnestly intreat your Lordship may procure two Companys
or thereby to lye among us, in order to assist the well disposed
inhabitants who are resolved, in that case, to maintain their
Liberty and safety in all events.

Two of our number designed to have waited of your Lord-
ship anent this Affair, but on second thoughts we judged it
might be more troublesome to you, than this which we wrote,
at the desire of the Principal Inhabitants of the Burgh.

My Lord

Your Lordships most obliged and

most obedient humble Servants

The Magistrates of Elgin.

James Stephen.
John Laing Rob. Duff.

Alexr. Forsyth Rob. Allan.

From the Duke of Gordon to the President, dated from Gordon Castle,
29th October 1745.

My Lord

I take this opportunity of inquiring after yr. Lordship's health,
and to beg of you to let me hear any news you have in your
Country, for at present all Communication between this and
London is stoped. I have wrote by the Bearer to Lord Loudon

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 145

and my Brother Lord Charles, who I beg leave to recommend
to your care and good advice. My Wife joins with me and Sir
Robert Gordon in our Complements to yr. Lordship and believe

me to be

My Lord
Your Lops most obedt and most hum. Servant

Gordon.

While Lord Lewis Gordon served with the Jacobites, Lord Charles
held a captain's commission in Lord Loudoun's regiment.

So far as Lovat is concerned there is not, beyond what has already
been given, anything to add to what may be read in the " Culloden
Papers." The article in Vol. XIV., " Transactions of the Gaelic Society
of Inverness," " Unpublished Correspondence between Lord Lovat, Mac-
Leod, etc.," is of great value.

Perhaps one of the most important points to be noted, and the very
one which Lovat attempted to deny, was his absolute power over by far
the greater part of his clan, a power which was wrested from all the
chiefs as a result of the Forty-five.

the affection of your clan & their attachment to you in the year
1715 and downward will be remembered ; it will not be easily
believed that your Lordship's Authority is less with them now
than it was at that time ; it will not be credited that their engage-
ments or inclinations were stronger against the Government
when the present commotions began than they were thirty years
ago when the clan was at Perth. (The President to Lovat,
"Culloden Papers," OCXC.)

When it suited him, Lovat was prepared to admit his authority, as he

did in his answer.

. . . if your Lordship and the Earl of Loudoun will give me
your words of honour that I will not be molested, or my
country, but that my person and those of my clan that have
staid at home in spite of the endeavours of my Son and his
partisans, shall be safe in their persons and effects ; then I will
give, not only my word of honour, which is dearer to me than
my Life, but any other engagement your Lordship pleases that
is in my power, that six men shall not appear in arms in my
Country, except a very few that will be in the Hills to guard
their cattle. (Idem CCXCL).

H6 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

The following is probably from the Hon. Charles Leslie, brother to Lord
Rothes. It is dated from London, 19th November 1745.

My Dear Sir,

I wrote to you thrice the french got one of them,
another went by a ship I know not whither you got or no. I
have wisht myself a thousand times with you, your post has
been the only one I have envied, and would have come, I even
thought I might have been of some service, such soldiers are
employed here. I do not think it vanity to say I am both an
older and a better, I need not desire you to recommend me, I
know that were it in your power you would. I wish you all
success and can assure you, you have done honour to all
your Leith acquaintance, for which I heartily thank you. Ser-
vices to Sir Alexander and Macleod. Will Ross [The Master
of Ross] goes tomorrow at eight o'clock. Game to my house
at eleven at night. The Company are solemnizing the day and
pretty far gone so have nothing more to say, but all happiness
attend you. Your sincere friend

C. Leslie.

The Rebells have taken Carlisle, it is imagined that Marshal
Wade will be up with them one day this week, he has about
12000 men. Ligonier commands another 10,000 men, that go
down the Western Road and rendezvous at Litchfield. There is
nobody landed from, of french or Spaniards, little spirit but
among the troops, The Land of Cakes almost quite forgott, all
reasonable offers have been made, but none accepted, not so
much as Lord Lieutenants named, nor the Government friends in
the Lowlands armed. You have weight, in God's name give
your advice to arm their friends of our Country, for if there is
a foreign Invasion of but a few folks there is true hearts here
neither (sic) have the honesty to support anything, the King
takes the thing as he should, but the m[inistr]y love no resolu-
tion, Tho I did not like him Sir Robert [Walpole] had more
sense in his little finger than they in their whole bunch.
Anstruther is Lieutenant General of Ligonier's Army.

Duncan Forbes Adieu.

Extracts follow from two letters written by Hugh Inglis (who com-
manded the "Pledger" of Inverness) to Gilbert Gordon (father of Fair-

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 147

burn's wife). They are both addressed to " Greigsbys Coffee House
by the Royal Exchange, London," and are dated from Newcastle, 28th
November and 3rd December 1745.

My dear Sir

I wrott you by every post since my arrival at Inverness & in
my last gave you a hint of my intended project in coming here.
I left Inverness & came here this day with the Saltash sloop of
war. Everything with us .is in outmost confusion. L[ordj
Loud[oun] has 15 hundred very good men assembled, well
armed, which I houp will be sufficient to guard our place and
some miles round us. . . On Tuesday afternoon some few
miles from Peterhead we made u large sail twixt us and the
land to which wee imediatly gave chase ; they finding us too
nimble in the heels for them, they ran their vessell (with all their
sails standing) ashore nigh the harbour of Peterhead, where I
believe she'll end her bones. Wee gave her a full broad side
which I believe has done her bussiness. Wee since understand
she had on board 4 Companys of Lord John Drummond's Regt
which is a part of four thousand men, said to be landed last
Fryday in Montrose & Stonehiven. May it be his bless' d will
to put an end to this miserable times. . . .
I am my dear Sir Yours

Hugh Inglis

My dear Sir

I wrot you at my arival here last Fryday which I houp came
duly to hand. I have since been with the mayor and magi-
strates of this place to whom I deliver'd the President's letter
in my favours desireing I might meet with dispatch in getting
a loading of coals for our Town and Garrison, who are in a
starveing condition for want of fewal. The colector is so
wickedly stiff necked that no argument is sufficient to prevail
with him. The Magistrates are so good as to send an express
(at the expense of their own publick fund) to the Duke of New-
castle for not only liberty to imploy a ship or two in that bussi-
ness but likewise desire a convoy shoud be ordered imediatly as
far as Buchan Ness or furder if I should incline it. Thursday
next I expect a return & till then I can hardly tell what I'm
about. The collector here tells me his orders from the Com-

148 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

missioners are peremtarly to lay an imbargo on all Scots ships
whatsomever and that none of them are to be allowed to take
in any merchandize or clear out to any port abroad or coast-
ways and its his opinion that even if the Commissioners allowes
me freight a ship, it must be an English, & no Scots. If this
is the case, wee have drove our hoggs to a fine market. May
God pity poor Scotland. In my poor simple oppinion its quite
hard that a nation shoud suffer for a few lawless people ; how-
ever I'le wait patiently till the return of the express and then
if things are not agreeable He take my land takes aboard.
Tho1 if there be coals to be had in any other part of Brittairi
Im resolved not to retourn empty handed, as there, must be
dismal doings bemongst us if wee want but a month longer.
I houp my friend Mr Reid will consider better than venter here ;
wee have no less in this river than fifteen Scots ships, some
of em has lyen here for 10 weeks past & I belive the
honest men will be obliged to sell their Barks for what they
can get for them rather than ly up longer. My best wishes
to your Landlord and tell him I have orders from the
P[ resident] & Capt. Mclntosh (I mean your brother in law) to
draw on him for whatever money I may want. . . For Gods
sake heast home. .

I ever am my dr Sir Yours while

Hugh Inglis

N.B. If Im obliged to imploy an English ship it will cost me
no less than £15 per keell which in three hundred tuns is £95
ster, more than I have occasion to pay to the honest Scotsmen,
a dismal difference indeed twixt an English man and a poor
Scots man than ever was known since Wallace days.

Inglis returned to Inverness about 13th December (" Culloden Papers,"
DXIV.), an order having come " giving liberty to the Scotch ships here
to sail for your ports " (Anonymous to the President, dated at New-
castle, 14th December 1745).

From Lord Glenorchy to the President, dated from Taymouth, 17th
December 1745.
My Lord

The regard and Friendship I have for your Lordship have made
me long extremely desirous to know the State of your Health,

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 149

and Situation and the various Reports lately spread about add
much to my anxiety. I had not been so long without satisfy-
ing myself if I could have found any way of writing safely. I
hope this will come to your Hands and that I shall have the
pleasure of hearing from you by the Bearers. Your Lordship
will judge by the manner in which this Letter reaches you how
far you may venture to write. I am tied up by the uncertainty
of its fate. I am most sincerely My Dear Lord Your faithfull
humble Servant Glenorchy.

(17) THE INDEPENDENT COMPANIES (iv.).

From the Earl of Sutherland to the Lord President, dated from Dunrobin,
14th November 1745.

My Lord,

The cold I mentioned formerly has now turned into a bloody
flux which makes me so uneasy that I am obliged to use my
servant's hand.

I am favoured with two Letters from your Lop. of date the
6th & 9th Curt, which was delivered me by James Anderson.
These with the former letter your Lop wrote me since the pre-
sent troubles began, joined with the Messages sent by the Bearer,
approving of my conduct in bringing the Companys together for
the service of the government and my nomination of officers, wh.
your Lop promises to represent at a proper time. This I
acknowledge my Lord lays me under great obligations to you
in the meantime, and I shall do all in my power to deserve the
Character, that I would wish to be given of me.

I have enclosed a Copy of a Petition presented me just
now by Mr Scobie Minister of Assint, which further shews
the necessity of my getting Arms into the Country, and though
I have what will defend my own House, I must look on my-
self like a bird in a Cage, whereas had I arms (notwithstand-
ing what men I have sent from this Country) I have the happi-
ness to be Master of a number of pretty fellows, and so well
affected that I would comprehend no Danger from my neigh-
bours on either hand of me. And as the Nation is in such a
stirr I cannot be easie till I get a sufficiency of Arms and
ammunition, since I honestly intend them for the Service of the
Government, and defence of my Country.

150 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

I have likewise enclosed a Copy of a Letter presented me
this day from the Presbetry of Dornoch, which I have sent to
shew a sample of the people's Zeal, and not out of vanity as to
myself.

I am My Dear Lord
Your Lops Most affectionat Humble Servant

Sutherland.

The first enclosure is much defaced. It is a petition from " the dis-
tressed in Assent " to William, Earl of Sutherland, narrating that Coll
MacDonald of Barrisdale came to the parish & [sent] " fiery crosses
through the said Parish, summoning the Inhabitants thereof from sixty
to sixteen furthwith " [on pain of]

burning all our houses, and houghing our cattle ; upon which
summons the whole Parishioners appeared, and after mature
deliberation on Barrisdale's Proposals to us, Your Petitioners
got the Parish made ar. insurrection and opposed Barrisdale's
Proposals, with all the other Proposals made your Petitioners
to said purpose, and accordingly stood out against all who
should oppose His Maj. King George. Your Lordships poor
supplicants are daily t=ince both threatened and insulted, and
as we are not of ourselves able to defend ourselves and Country
against insults of a more powerful enemy, we hereby apply to
your Lordship for your assistance of Men and Arms whenever
we are hereafter insulted with any enemy that offers to raise
ourselves or otherwise demolish our said Country for adhering
to our alliedgeance to his Maj. King George, and your Lord-
ships granting us warrant to stint all the inhabitants of the
Parish of Assint and give in proportionall subsidies for sup-
porting a proper number of men to guard our said Country will
very much oblige

Your Lordship Most humble obliged & obedient Servants
sic subscribitur William Scobie [Minister of the parish].

Rod. MacLeod

Donald Campbell

Kenneth Mackenzie

The above petition was granted by Lord Sutherland, 14th November,
as appears thereon.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 151

The second enclosure to Lord Sutherland's letter is the following.

Headed :— Coppy Letter from the Presby of Dornoch

To the Earl of Sutherland.
My Lord,

At our last meeting we appointed a Committee of our Number
to wait of your Lop, and in our name to testify our satisfac-
tion with, and to make our hearty greatful acknowledgments
for your Lops early •appearance in favour of our happy consti-
tution and Government, and against the present unnatural and
wicked Rebellion calculated to subvert both, and as your Lop
still continues your laudable and vigourous dilligence for these
good purposes, and since our former Meeting, sent a good num-
ber of your Countrymen, (the fittest for that Service) to be
employed in the Publick Service, we judge it our Duty to make
this repeated Acknowledgement of our satisfaction with your
Lops Conduct. We are my Lord extremely weel pleased to
see your Lops hitherto known steady Adherence to the Pro-
testant and Revolution Interest continued and further testified
in a time of danger, and your noble family, shining and like to
shine, still, as it always has done, for its Fidelity to that In-
terest. That it may ever shine that way — That your Lops
appearance, and that of all the Friends of the Government in
defence of it may be crowned with speedy and glorious success,
that your lawful and rightful Sovereign King George, may long
live a blessing to these Nations, That God may establish the
thrown in His Royal House, and that the present unnatural Re-
bellion against his Person and Government be soon and happily
suppressed, and the hopes of a Popish Pretender and his adher-
ents extinguished is the constant and earnest Prayer of the
Presbytery of Dornoch. This in name and by appointment of the
said Presbytery is signified and subscribed by

My Lord
Your Lops most obt & most humble servant

(Sir subscribitur) Wil. Rose, Modr
Golspy Novr 14th 1745.

152 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

From the Earl of Sutherland to the President, dated from Dunrobin,
20th November 1745.

My Lord,

I return your Lordship thanks for speaking to my friend Dr
Fraser your nephew about my health. God be thanked I am
much better ; my greatest uneasiness was to be indisposed when
occasion might require my going from home. I was resolved
to have gone to London but as I saw how affairs were like to
goe in the North, stopt me, and I belive the Government wil not
dissaprove of my conduct. I truble your Lordship with a copy
of a letter writt to me, you may make what use you please of
it. I shal serve the Protestant succession while I am able and
I am

My Dear Lord
Your Lordships most oblidgd Humble Servant

Sutherland

P.S. My compliments to Doctor Fraser who is bound to attend
me by a solemn promise but as he is better employ'd I dispense
with him at this time.

The enclosure to the above letter is missing, as also are many of the
copies of the President's own letters written about this date. The
following is from Seaforth, dated from Brahan Castle, 16th November
1745.

My Lord,

Since Colin brought me your last, I have still waited your Com-
mands. If the snow had not prevented me I would have been
this day at Colloden, therefore I have sent a servant for the
Lewis Commissions whose names are as follows. Colin Mac-
kenzie, Captain ; Donald Macaulay, Lieut, and Kenneth Mac-
kenzie, Ensign. I would have it a secret till that Company
appears in Inverness, as I like to have at least as good a figure
as my neighbours notwithstanding the Infatuation of my whole
Clan. If Colin brought more than his Company from the
Lewis would you approve of it. The Situation of my Estate
being next the Common Distroyer of our Cattle makes it more
difficult for me than Islanders or others to raise my men, as a
strong body must be left to guard the Country.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 153

The two Company s here with their Officers are ready to march,
so acquaint me with your orders to them.

My Lewis Factor only waits the return of this, and notwith-
standing of the deep Snow I will send him off directly.

I am My dear Lord
Your Lordships Most affectionate Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie.

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Brahan Castle, 25th Novem-
ber 1745.

My Lord,

If Mr Colin Mackenzie had not told me he was at Culloden,
and informed you of what is passing here, I should before now
have writ to your Lordship, besides the rage and anger I am in
against severall of my namesakes, distracts me so, that I may
neglect my duty to the best of Friends. I have sent strict
orders for the men to return that deserted by misconduct, and
the Insinuations of a vicious Neighbourhood, I hope my Lewis
Factor will be soon out, tho' that depends upon the weather.
The Minister of Fotherty [Mr Colin Mackenzie] in his name-
sakes absence, is my Fac Totum, pays the men &c. Donald
Macleod of Bernera, Baillie of the Harris is gone South with a
score or two of men, I fancy thats kept a secret. If there's
any news stirring thats not in the papers I beg to be informed,
and am

My Dr Lord
Your Lordships Most affectionate Humble Servt

K. Mackenzie.

P.S. Ferburn has the assurance to come here, but he shan't
gett a smile from me. Some people never forgive or forget.

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Brahan Castle, 5th December
1745, 8 at night.

My Lord,

The men I expected down last Saturday were stop'd by the
Storm, but are just now arrived here, I have not seen them.
However I am informed, that together with what men I have
already here, they amount to above five hundred. I propose

sending the two companys Saturday to Inverness, and shall then
w

154 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

wait of you, and may bring back the Officers Commissions with
me to Town. As all Macleods men got Arms I expect I shall
likewise get what number of Musquets I think necessary — for
the Country's Defence In which case I shall order the rest
of the men to follow as you direct. I have ordered my Servant
to make dispatch, as none will stir till I receive your answer.
If Inverness is crowded the Companys may be ordered on this
side of Kessock, where they shall be ready at a call, and may
serve for better purpose than shut up in a Town.

I am My Dr Lord

Your Lordship's Most affectionate Humble Servant

K. Mackenzie.

Seaforth's first two companies were called into Inverness on Monday,
9th December ("Gulloden Papers," DXIX.), and MacLeod had brought
400 men on 15th November (Idem DV.).

From Sir Alexander MacDonald to the President, dated from Mugstot,
30th November 1745.

My Lord

Yours of the 23rd. I got. My Philosophy is much troubled to
see men who have tasted the Doceurs of the Government, Lovat
Cromertie &c. fl> in the face of it, when they cannot distress it,
do it who will, and to see others who have not been fed at its
expense and bred perhaps with some prejudices, at the Reigning
Family so sensible of the Folly of the present great scuffle, that
they don't hesitate to do what they can to bring it to the issue it
deserves. I need not tell you my Lord that I am of the last
class, for tho' I had a very handsome present from the late King,
it was at a time when I could not be grateful, and when I was
easily persuaded there was not even justice done me. When I
compare myself and some others, with the first sett I mentioned,
I am tempted to think that mankind is not of one species, I am
uncharitable enough to believe that severals have given up think-
ing, entirely. My Wife yesterday produced a Nymph, and I
travel to the Coast next you of this Island after tomorrow. The
Laird would let you see what I wrote last, as I hope he will do
now. Matters in this Island are just as when I wrote last to
him, You can't expect any news from me, if it is not news

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 155

that about 60 Knoydart men, are come home and thirty one of
McKinnons, four of these last were disarmed by Lieutenant
McDonald at the Kyle ; their Guns are marked Scots Fusiliers,
the rest brought no arms. One James McDonald of Ardnifuiran
was sent by young Glanranald to recruit, was forced to return
with 60 men he was bringing South, when the snow came on.
He was in Arisaig within these four days, waiting for my Vassal
Harry, who took some money from the Spanish Vessel which un-
loaded some arms there, and promised to repair Southwards, very
fast with his men. I am told these arms have been carried by
boats from Barry, and lodged in the Main Land at Arisaig, if I
can by any means find out where they are I'll have them or the
Guard of them shall have the Sky Arms with those they keep. I
am told old Glanranald is like to stagg [? staig] notwithstand-
ing my admonitions, what makes me suspect him most is that
I have not heard from him, since that ship came to Barry, and
that the people of my Uist inform me, that Clan: endeavoured to
persuade everybody that there was no such Vessel. I wrote to
him lately and I hope it will have some effect, as it ran in a
friendly strain that represented danger inevitable. The Sinews
of War is much wanted the flesh however (of Cows) has not yet
failed. I have nothing to add to this and the Lairds, but what
you know that I am

Yours

Alexr Macdonald.

From Sir Alexander Macdonald to MacLeod, dated from Mugstot, 30th
November.

Dr Laird,

Glad to hear you are well, I wonder you dont tell me whether
any of your Men are to return and when, and I am more sur-
prised that neither the President nor you mention whether any
firelocks are to be had from Inverness for the fetching, I forgive
him, but I blame you. To send the Companys to Inverness,
when they are called for without weapons is impossible, at least
very indecent, and if I arm them I keep few, very few imple-
ments of War behind, do, God love you represent this matter
to D. and Loudoun, 'tis hard that of a thousand men which I
could put together of my own, (including the 2 Companys) I cant

156 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

arm 300 properly. Powder is scarce I'll send for a back
burden or two of it, when I can get to the Kyle, which will
be soon for I travel on Monday, Margaret having yesterday
morning sett me and her daughter at liberty, she rested but
indifferently last night. Your men in the Island can be of no
use to you or me, because without any arms, and several of those
at Kyle are so. However I had a letter from [MacLeod of]
Hammir and another from S. Ulinish desiring orders, etc. I
desired they should have 60 in readiness at a call, and I will
call for them to remain a fortnight with my men if I should
send home some of my own, for I think it is proper for both they
should be somewhat together. I'll easily contrive to remit the
sea Epistle under your Cover. Tall [MacLeod of Tallisker] might
have made the Post bring some few flints but of this a scold at
himself. As write to our friend, I shall only remit my compli-
ments to Lord Loudoun by your mouth. I am as ever

Dr Macleod
Yours much

Alexr. Macdonald.

About the 14th of December the Hound sloop of war arrived, but she
brought only arms for Lord Loudoun's regiment. With her, however,
came the Master of Ross and John Forbes, the President's son ("Cul-
loden Papers," DXIX., DXX.).

(18) MACLEOD'S EXPEDITION EASTWARDS.
On 1st December Lovat announced to the President that his son
had marched, and on 3rd December because "the Erasers . . . had
form'd a sort of blockade of Fort- Augustus," Lord Loudoun with 600
men "in the severest frost I ever remember to have seen march'd thro'
Stratherrick, part of Lord Lovat's estate on the south side of Lochness
to the relief of Fort-Augustus. He met with no opposition, supply'd the
place with what was wanting, & return'd to Inverness the 8th instant
. . ." ("Culloden Papers," DXIX.). The force which accompanied
Loudoun on this expedition was probably the same as he took with
him to Beaufort, when he had with him the two Sutherland companies,
the Grants, the Munros, Lord Reay's company, and 100 of his own regi-
ment, together with Seaforth's two companies [which had been called
in on the 9th]. (Mackenzie, "History of the Erasers," p. 412, quoting
the " Sutherland Book.")

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 157

On " Tuesday the 10th [December] Lord Loudoun, with 800 men,
marched out to Lord Lovat's house of Castle Dounie, to obtain the best
satisfaction that he could for the peaceable behaviour of the Frasers;
and at the same time the Laird of MacLeod was detached with 600, com-
posed of 400 of his own kindred, & 100 of the MacLeods of Assint . . .
towards Elgin, in their way to Bamf & Aberdeenshire, to prevent the
Rebells recruiting there ; and they were to be followed by as many as
could be spared from Inverness after settleing matters with my Lord
Lovat," who was brought to Inverness on the llth. (The President to
Lord Tweeddale, 22nd December 1745—" Gulloden Papers," DXIX.). In
a letter of 10th December to Lord Findlater, the President stated that
the number under MacLeod was " between 5 & 600 men," & that they
marched out that day. (Idem DVIII.). It would appear by the letter
from Hugh MacLeod of Geanies which follows that the balance over
500 men may have been made up of Munros, and that he had marched his
company on the 9th, the main body following on the 10th. Three
days later, Gulcairn's company of Munros, or the balance of it, and the
company raised in Inverness by Bailie William Mackintosh followed
(Idem DXIX.).

& these were to be followed successively by other small bodys,
& by Loudoun himself, when the matter with Lovat was finished.
But instead of delivering the Arms at the time prefixed, excuses
were made, & fresh promises ; which continued from day to
day till last Thursday [19th], when Lord Loudoun, finding him-
self deluded, clap'd sentries on the gate of the house where he
resided, resolveing to committ him next morning to the Castle;
but in the night time Lovat found means to get out at a back
passage, which was not suspected (as, indeed, his attempting
ane escape, in his state of health, was what no one dream 'd
of), & to be conveyed away, probably on Men's shoulders ; but
whither, we have not as yet learn' d.

This unforeseen accident has made it improper for Loudoun

to detach any more Men after those that have march'd towards

Aberdeen, or to follow them himself, untill we see what turn

Lovat, now at liberty, takes with his Clan ; or until some more

force, which we expect join us at Inverness.

158 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

MacLeod's orders were to march to Strathbogie, if he thought his
original force sufficient, without reinforcements, and other very explicit
directions were conveyed to him by the President in a letter of 13th
December (Idem DXL, No. DXIII. is the ostensible letter.)

The following despatches were received by the President in the
course of the expedition. See also " Origins," p. 135 et seq., and p.
289 et seq.

From Hugh MacLeod of Geanies to the President, dated from Forres,
10th December 1745.

My Lord

I had the honour of your Lops, of the 9th Curt, this day, I
received Lord Loudoun's Commands yesternight. I wrote his
Lop. a return and in obedience to his commands marched my
Company here this day and tomorrow for Elgin. My Men were
poorly accommodate in Nairn, tho' I know not if the Magistrates
could have helped it, as I find its a poor Town. I have left
several of my men sick there, and some of them dangerously
ill, and was recommended to one Mr. Clark a Surgeon to attend
them. I reckon their indisposition is due to cold. I have given
them all Money for Shoes, and I wish a proper way were fallen
to furnish them who wants it, some Cloaths.

I am much vext as four of Culcairn's men deserted me
this day from Nairn, on hearing of there coming forward. I
have written him this day to send them to Inverness to be
punished, and to send me other four men in their place. I had
thoughts not to say anything of them to Lord Loudoun, till I
got Gulcairn's Answer, without your Lop. desires me. All the
rest of the Men are here except such as are sick. I am much
obliged to your Lop. for what you was pleased to let me know
of my Rout as I did not otherwise hear of it. I am with the

greatest regard.

My Lord

Your Lops, most obliged and
Most faithful humble Servant

Hugh MacLeod.

P.S. As I must want a good Serjt. I wish Lord Loudoun sent
me Will: Clerk who was in Mr Harry Munro's company and
whom I formerly mentioned to Your Lop.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 159

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Forres, 12th December
[1745], 11 o'clock.

My dear Lord

I forgott to mention the commissions for my people that you
may fill them up. What you will think proper to do with the
two additional ones I must leave with yourself but I must att
present use a little of ane art which I detest (Tho' att present
its much in Practice) so far dessemble with them as to make
them believe they are to have them; the order they stand in at
present is as follows

John MacLeod, Talisker, Captain.

Alexr MacLeod [younger of] Balmeanoch, Lieut.

John M'Askill, Rouindounan [Rudh 'an Dunain] Ensign
in place of Will: MacLeod Hammir in whose name
the ensignsie was given out

2nd Company which you'll fill up and send me sealed with
someone when Loudon Marches.

Normand Macleod [of] Vaterstyn, Captain

Donald MacLeod, Barnistle [Bernisdale], Lieut.

John MacLeod, Ostill [Osdal], Ensign.
3rd Gompanie

Normand MacLeod [younger of] Bernera [in Harris],
Captain

John Campbell, Ensay, Lieut.

John McLeod, [younger], Gesto, Ensign
4th Companie

No Captain yett named

William MacLeod, [son to] Hammir, Lieut

Donald MacLeod, Mill, Ensign

There is no News papers or Letters with anie thing in them
suffered to come to Elgin, here, or to Brodie, I hope you of In-
verness have the same fate, as I think its very good news. Ane
Express with a Letter to Lady Mclntosh, ane other to Lovat and
a 3rd to some other Lady in Town, lay att a little Ale House
near Brodie, the night before last, and the fellow was so stupid
as not to give any Information of it till the Express was gone,
else some one might have taken a reading of them, as these

160 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Letters would be delivered last night, they are heard of, or now
if they contained anie thing agreeable to them. If no notice
is taken of them, its a good sign. I am just setting out for
Elgin, will long to hear of you and ever am yours

Normand MacLeod.

The Captain of the 4th MacLeod Company was " Donald MacDonald
Esqr " (" Culloden Papers," CCCXVIIL). This was MacDonald of
Castleton, whose wife was a daughter of MacLeod of Hammer (Mac-
kenzie, " History of the MacDonalds," p. 278).

MacLeod reached Elgin 12th December, and continued his march on
the 15th, the Munro and Inverness companies arriving on the 16th, on
which day Munro of Culcairn wrote from there to MacLeod, stating that
he would cross the Spey next day, and asking for advice. (Letters at
Dunvegan.)

From MacLeod to the President (and to Lord Loudoun), dated from
Fochabers, 15th December 1745, 9 at night.

My dear Lord

We Marched this Morning as I intimated in my letter of this
morning, but Mr. Grant who had not then Collected above 460
of his 700 and those not well armed, receiving a Bambussle
from hence of intelligence, of 5 or 600 desparate men to oppose
us, chose not to stirr from his quarters, and after my receiving
the inclosed 2 Miles from Elgin, sent Sir Harry [Innes] to advise
me to return there, he came in point of time when I was chat-
tering with the Duke of Gordon on this side Spey and the greater
Part of our men att my back, which was very easy, for we saw
nothing but the backs of about 180 men marching or rather run-
ning away towards Cullin in disorder enough, and a pitiful
Guard on the Boats, who fled fast enough on firing four shott
not at them for I ordered to fire over them, The Duke immedi-
ately sent over the Boats and here we are after drinking both
your healths and so on. Rothiemurchus and [Grant of] Dal-
rachny have been here since, and Mr. Grant is resolved to act
in conjunction with me, or anie one having Lord Loudoun's
Orders for the Public Service, to that End he marches with 500
men to Keith tomorrow, and next day to Strathbogie, which
must alter my route so far as to make me go to Cullin tomorrow

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 1«1

and from thence to Banff, where we are vastly wanted, and
where I remain till further orders. This will certainly procure
intyre quiet as far as we go, wh. I hope both of you will approve
of tho: I am so little of a Military Man, that I know not but were
I such I ought to be stigmatised severly for deviating one point
from the route and orders sent. The Boats here will be secured,
either by a Party left here, or by the Duke of Gordon as he
chuses, which I'll acquaint you of tomorrow, and I'll desire
Culcairn to follow me, as I want his directions much, and that
you desired me do so. I shall long allmost hourly for direction
and intelligence from you. You've both many compliments
from the Duke and Dutchess, as I slept little or none last nigfit
you may if you will excuse my not making 2 copies of this
scrawl, as I am without compliments and all the Friendship I
am Master of Intyrlie yours

Normand Macleod.

Mr. Thomson is extremely useful! and I need not paint Sir
Harry Innesses zeal and assidousity to either of you. The
packett for Sky, Lord President will be so good as forward.

From the President to MacLeod, dated from Culloden, 17th December
1745, 11 o'clock.

My Dr. L.

I am glad to see by yours of the 15th at night, which came hither
this morning, that you have not been diverted by rumours to
pass the Spey, and as the Laird of Grant, was to March to Keith,
& Strathbogie, I for my part think you, as you was circumstanced
had nothing left to do but to march to Gullen and Banff. I
have sent yours to Lord Loudoun who will be here as soon as he
can, and after his arrival you shall have the directions you want,
in the meantime as you may be impatient, I venture to fling out
my thoughts of what you may be preparing for, untill the arrival
of the orders, which will be a few hours after this. In the first
place if you have not already done it, you will immediately get
all the information you can, as to the places where any con-
siderable number of arms may be lodged, and where any number
of the Rebels may be assembled, and if they are within your
reach you will do what you can to surprize and disperse them,
x

162

and secure the other, and this if you can receive any such infor-
mation will take some time. In the next place if the Rebels
are not dispersed, but have retired before you in a body, towards
Aberdeen or any other place, when you have good information,
that they are not likely soon to get such a reinforcement, as
shall be able to resist you, you ought to put yourself in readiness
to follow them, the moment, you receive E. Loudoun's orders,
which will be soon after you get this, as I have already said.
In the third place if the Rebels have not marched off in a body,
but have disposed themselves, you probably will have orders to
march for Aberdeen, but in that case as some force must be left
in Strathbogie, if the Grants undertake to remain a few days,
there, the whole that are with you may be ordered to Aberdeen,
if not such force as you and Culcairn shall judge sufficient, will
be ordered to be left in Strathbogie. In the fourth place you
will draw up ane Abstract of all the Creditable Intelligence you
have, not only from Aberdeen, touching the condition of things
there and to the Southward, but also from your Neighbourhood,
touching the Transactions there. In the forming of which
Abstract you may take Mr Thomson's assistance, and transmit
it, with ane account of your own Situation, and what has hap-
pened since you wrote last, by the Bearer who will deliver you
this, to Lord Loudoun if he meet him on his March, if not, to me
at this place. The use of sending this Messenger, who is a
very clever footman, being to prepare you for the Directions
which you shall soon receive, and to prepare those despatches
on your part, to be returned by him so soon as the orders come
from Loudoun. We have no news, things are not yet abso-
lutely settled, with Lord Lovat, today or tomorrow will put ane
end to it, and Loudoun cannot leave this till it is done. The
Mr. of Ross and my son arrived last Saturday Night [14th]
from on board the Hound Sloop of War, which brought arms for
Lord Loudoun's Regt, and nothing else, I have heard nothing of
Macdonald, but when I do you shall know, the Letters I shall
forward, as you direct, I have let Sainty have some pence as
he is soon to March, this is likewise for Culcairn, to whom give
my services, I am my Dr Laird Yours &c.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 163

From the President to MacLeod, dated 17th December 1745.

My dear Laird,

I despatched you a Courier this day by 11 oClock with my Provi-
sional notions, since that time Lord Loudoun has been with me,
and as you will see by the enclosed has agreed to what I hinted,
except that of leaving a party at Strathbogie, and as he is so
soon to follow, if you carry that respect which I apprehend
your March will procure alongst with you I incline to think he
is right — You will therefore if there is no body of men in your
way assembled, considerable enough to require a march to dissi-
pate them, and if you do riot receive information of a number
of arms to be seized, that may be ane object sufficient to occa-
sion your lingering a few hours to look after them, march as
quickly as may be to Aberdeen to relieve that City, and its
neighbourhood, from the oppression under which it now groans,
which from a Messenger Straight from thence we see is great,
and you will when there give countenance to the Gentlemen of
the Town, and of the neighbourhood, to put on foot such Guards
for their own Protection and for the Security of the place as
they shall incline to, only you must lament that we cannot
hitherto supply them with arms, and the Remittance which we
expected is not yet arrived. It is highly probable that the
Retreat of the Men of War, that came to Spey side, may leave
you a clear stage at Aberdeen, where we were told that the
posse was for the greatest part pressed men, and very insuffi-
cient, and its also possible that the News of your proceedings
may Alarm them at Perth, so as to move them to Detach, should
this last be the case, we have gained the material purpose, and
arrived at all we could reasonably wish, because it will leave
them incapable of doing more dangerous mischief to the South-
ward. But then to this you must have a very attentive Eye,
your Information must be as exact as possible, of what may be
approaching you from the Southward, and you must avoid
coming to any Engagement at a disadvantage, because the first
success is of great consequence, and because Lord Loudoun will
speedily be up to sustain you. Supposing you should be
obliged to retire a few miles, which, though I mention possi-
bilities, prompted by prudence, I hope will not be the case. As

164 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Earl Loudoun's letter is to Culcairn and you, so is this, I hope
you are before this together, not only for the Necessity of the
Service, but from what I wrote in the forenoon, and what I
said by word of mouth by Mr. Gordon, Culcairn's Lieut, who
left this at 3 oGlock this afternoon. Should you be at any dis-
tance send him a copy, of Loudoun's and this, and between you,
you will direct your course accordingly. I do not see that con-
sidering the Situation at present, with Lovat, Loudon can march
any Troops from this sooner than Thursday [19th], 2 Companies
will I think march that day and 2 the day following, and with
those with Ammunition &c, he will be with you as soon as pos-
sible, but this you and Culcairn must only know. I need
hardly tell you that frequent Correspondence is absolutely
necessary, I presume you have settled the Security of it, with
the Duke of Gordon, if there is anything deficient in that respect
pray mend it, or let us know how it stands, that we may [do
so]. I presume the moment this arrives, the Messenger whom
I dispatched in the Morning will be returned, and that others
will not be wanting, every days march. That I wish you
success you know, I am yrs &c.

P.S. As Loudon scruples to pay the Grants, I doubt whether
they will go forward, or stay where they are,— You have also
ane ostensible Letter.

The ostensible letter is " Culloden Papers," DXVII., which means
nothing at all. It is endorsed " Copie ostensible letter to MacLeod
same date."

From the Earl of Loudoun to MacLeod, dated 17th December 1745.

Dear Sir

I had this morning the pleasure of yours of the 15th, with ane
Account of your having passed the Spey, and the behaviour of
your Neighbours, and before I proceed to give you further
Directions, I must approve of your Dilligence and Activity on
this occasion, and tho' it was not according to your Orders, I
do approve of your going by Cullen, since the Laird of Grant
has marched to Strathbogie. I have, here, had a long Conver-
sation with the President, and we have both agreed that it is

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 165

necessary for Culcairn and you, to march on to Aberdeen for the
relief of that Place, The President thinks you should leave a
Garrison at Strathbogie, I think otherwise and my reason for it
is this, that I am to follow you directly, with a Force sufficient
to make that matter easy, if they should think of reassembling
there, after you are past, but this I will leave to yourSelves as
you see cause on the Spot. If the Laird of Grant should think
it right, and for the Safety of his own Country, to keep posses-
sion of it, I should think he did well. As I am in haste I refer
you to the President, with whom I have talked fully of the Pre-
cautions you are to take, to prevent a Surprise and the Conduct
you are to observe, in case the Rebels should march a superior
Force against you, I am most faithfully Dear Sir your most
Obedient humble Servt &c.

P.S. What I write to you or Gulcairn I mean for both.

From MacLeod to Lord Loudoun, dated from Banff, 20th December, 5
in the morning.

My dear Lord

The Post came in from Aberdeen about one this morning, but
no News Papers. They were all burnt att Dundee. Angus
Fife, and so North to Aberdeen are oppressed in the most Ter-
rible Manner, and every sort of Violence committed that can be
thought of. Were there Arms for the People in Aberdeen and
that we can become masters of it till you come up theirs num-
bers that would be very fond to Serve as Volunteers for they
seem to be quite tyred of their New Masters. I am just setting
out and Mo?t Faithfully Yours

Normand Macleod.

Theirs a small Party left by Culcairn afct Phocabers wh. was
all we could do to keep the Communication open. The Duke of
Gordon is certainly well inclined but he has odd People about
him which I fear prevents his doing anie thing.

On 17th December, Culcairn was at Fochabers, his men much fatigued,
and he wrote asking MacLeod what he wanted him to do. On the
18th, he and Bailie Mackintosh had reached Huntly, and the men were
being rested, as appears by a letter from Grant to MacLeod, dated from

166

that place. The next day Grant wrote that as he found he was not
meant to go beyond Keith, he would return, and that the Munro and
Inverness companies would join MacLeod at Inverurie, which Culcairn
confirmed by a letter of even date to MacLeod, dated from Old Rayne ;
he would be at Inverurie on the 20th. A letter, unsigned and unad-
dressed, but dated 20th December, gives the information that there were
only 500 of the enemy at Aberdeen, ill-armed and without cannon, and
that they could all be taken if 300 men were sent to the Bridge of Dee ;
but that there was a rumour of 200 more coming as a reinforcement to
the rebels (Letters at Dunvegan).

The following is from the President's letter to Lord Tweeddale,
dated 22nd December 1745 (" Culloden Papers," DXIX.).

On the 19th it was resolved, by Mac Leod & Captn Munro, to
march forward the next morning ; the first from Bamf to Old
Meldrum, which is within 12 miles of Aberdeen; & the
last from Strathbogie to Inverury, which is at the like distance
from Aberdeen; & it was part of the plan that Mr Grant should
march alongst with Capt. Monro; but we have had just now in-
formation, that Mr Grant has alter'd his intentions, upon a
surmise that some of the Highlanders, returning from Perth,
were likely to harass his Country ; but whether this information
is true or not, & whether Mac Leod & Captn Munro have
advanced without him, is more than I at present know with
any certainty.

Unfortunately, documents dealing with the engagement at Inverurie
on 23rd December are missing ; perhaps the surprise and confusion ad-
mitted of few. On that very day, Lord Kintore had written to Mac-
Leod that he would be glad to see him at Keith Hall, and would do all
he could to accommodate his men (Letter at Dunvegan). MacLeod's
information as to the enemy's numbers and movements appears to have
been faulty, and he allowed himself to be surprised by a superior force,
including some of Lord John Drummond's French troops, under Lord
Lewis Gordon. This obliged him to retire towards Elgin, whence on
25th December he wrote to the President the two following letters.

My dear Lord

Yours dated att one oClock this Day I have this moment, I can
return no satisfying answer to your Queries till tomorrow morn-
ing, for which I detain your Cleaver Fellow and send this Elgin

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 167

Man with the enclosed Letter for the Officers I sent off this day
and who are or now att Inverness. I am just in the Situation
I wrote in from Gordon Castle.

Yours

N. MacLeod.
My Lord

I wrote the Moment and since that ane honest man, a Sergeant
of my own, brought in my money, which I had alongst with
me, and which he cut out of my Clogbag after the Enemy was
in possession of The Town, and the House where it was. Pray
dispatch ane express to Sir Alexander with the enclosed Letters
which will much oblige yours Normand MacLeod.

I hear of no cash lost now, but 7 £ of Silver Talisker had of
me for incidental Charges ou the Road. The Bearer goes to
stop the men at Inverness.

On the same day, Grant wrote to MacLeod that he much regretted to
hear the news [of the defeat], that he wished they had all marched to-
gether, but that he was not encouraged to do so (Letter at Dunvegan).

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Elgin, 26th December
1745 " past four."

My dear Lord

I got yours about 9 oClock last night and as I could give no
exact account of our numbers and the Situation of the Men I
delayed writing till now Our Numbers of my four Companys
are about 70ys besidest Serjeants and Corporals and so is
Gensie's and Culcairn's, Captain Mclntosh has made me no
report of his, but surely they are mostly in Inverness, and a good
many of mine are come that way too for I'm almost sure we
did not leave behind us in whole, killed wounded and taken 70,
we brought 7 or 8 wounded Men alongst with us, I assure you
the ruffle has not abated one Bitt of my Spirit nor of that of the
better sort of the People that are with me, but what must and
does vex me to the Soul is to see a kind of Pannick and Diffi-
dence of us gott amongst the Common People, which is improved
as much as possible by a Parcel of Vermin in this Place. I do
and so does the Officers all we can to stop it and I hope they
will soon recover themselves, but it will not be by stopping here

168 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

I fear, so that you will consider what we shall do without loss
of time. We are quite destitute of Ammunition and the men
of my four Companys that are here want about 30 Firelocks,
As to stopping on the ether Side the River it would have been
impossible considering the condition the Men were in and that
the 3 (three) Gompanys and £ (half) that were quartered out of
Town, went off as soon as the firing began and never halted till
they were here, and many of them not then, I am no judge
of the Numbers of Men but Culcairn assures me The Enemy
was between 8 and 900, they give themselves out for many more.
All I know of them since Monday is that they sent Tuesday,
and ordered Billets for 1200 at Strathbogie, and as many for
this Night att Phocabers, but its likely that was a Bravado, for
no certain account is yet come, that they've marched in anie
Body that way att all. Yours wrote att 6 at Night I got this
morning by 9, I hope all it contains is true, for my share I do
not doubt of it, Culcairn tells me he wrote to Lord Loudon, whose
letter I saw to Gulcairn, Sir Harry [Innes] and Mr Thomson are
gone to Spey Side to reconnoitre for us, and I've wrote D Gordon
the News, and desiring his Boats opposite to Garmouth to be
sent to this side, which I hope will be complyed with. Had I
my Men together again and in the Spirits they were in crossing
the Spey, I should be as merry as a Cricket, but for Banffshire
and Aberdeenshire, which I must pity, as they will certainly be
most desparately oppressed, till they can have relief sent them,
Mr Maitland, Pittricky is taken, and young [Gordon of] Ardoch
but neither of them hurt. They placed a strong Guard round
the Town immediately after the Action and buryed their own
Dead directly, so we do not know their Loss. Whatever orders
Lord Loudon sends me some Ammunition should come, forth-
with, and I wish either of the two officers I sent to Inverness,
knew when ane Express were sent that they may acquaint me
of their success with the Men fled that way, because if they
cannot be brought to reason I will sett about filling up the Com-
panys in ane other way without a moments Delay, your advise
and Directions I shall always be glad to follow, and long for,
which with the Compliments of the Season from all here, is
all from yours Normand MacLeod-.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 16y

Sir Arthur [Forbes] WHS obliged to leave his own House and
went down through Buchan, so I did not see him, a Cousin of
his Captain Forbes, was in the Action and behaved very well.

MacLeod's information that his force was destitute of ammunition, a
state of things for which the Government was mainly responsible, is
something in his favour, having regard to his defeat at Inverurie. The
following is from the President's letter to the Duke of Newcastle, dated
26th January 1746 (" Culloden Papers," DXXVIII.).

The want of arms to put in their hands & of money to subsist
them made it impossible to call in a further force from the well
affected clans to Inverness (which is in some sort the key of this
country) for its security ; whilst with the troops already
on foot, we might have proceeded southwards by the coast, to
have straiten'd the rebels ; and our uncertainty of the strength
or intentions of the rebels who escaped from England & who
might (so far as we could see) have thoughts of directing their
course this way, obliged us to content ourselves with securing
this post, keeping the disaffected in this neighbourhood in awe
& protecting the country on this side Spey from the levying men
and money projected bj the rebels.

At the time of MacLeod's reverse there were " 18 companies of 100 each
actually afoot ; whereof seven with MacLeod ... six with E. Lou-
doun at Inverness, & five more on their way to it " (" Gulloden Papers,"
DXX.). MacLeod had his own 4 companies, the Assint company of
MacLeods, the Munros and the Inverness Company. Lord Loudoun had
the Grants, the 2 Sutherland companies, Lord Reay's company, and the
2 Mackenzie companies. The two companies of the MacDonalds, Lord
Reay's second company, the company of the Rosses, and Seaforth's
Lewes company were still to come. They are respectively shown as com-
pleted on 31st December, 6th January, 8th January, and 2nd February
("Culloden Papers," CCCXVIIL).

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Forres, 29th December 1745.
My dear Lord

I have yours of 27th 10 att night and Loudouns. Mr. Thomson
could and so will the Bearer inform you of my Situation, wh.
is not att all a desirable one, I own it makes me all but mad to

170 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

be so disgraced by my own People, and it is the more severe
that I am conscious to myself, I do not deserve it att their hands,
and it was what I did not in the least look for. It is probable
Talisker or Vaterstyn will be with you tonight, and by that time
we shall certainly know what we are to expect from the remains
of my People, and likewise of the other Companys here. The
Situation this Disgraceful Frenzy puts all this Country in, I need
not paint and no doubt you and Lord Loudoun will think of
applying a proper remedy without loss of time. If I can att all
recover the Men their Senses I will endeavour to hold them here,
till a proper Reinforcement and further orders arrive. If that
defyes me T cannot tell what to do, I am
Most Faithfully yours

Normand MacLeod.

From Macleod to the President, dated from Forres, 29th December, 6 at

night, under which is written, " For God sake leit not Major Me ie

command what you send this way." Over the address is written, "I
pay this express as I do every I send forward myself."

My dear Lord

I received the inclosed from Elgin which are of little import,
but I was desired to forward the two Letters for Sir Harry
Inness by Express, which is the Cause of sending this Express,
I resolve to send Talisker home to Sky, and he will be att Cul-
loden by dinner tomorrow, to him I shall referr, only I have
about two hundred of my four Companys still, or rather more,
and I have reason to think the Panick and desertion is over with
them, I hope its so with the others, also, but a particular account
shall be sent to Lord London with Talisker of the State of all the
Companys. I will only hint to you, what you will make
your own use of, and manage as you think proper, that is if you
detach people this way, I wish the McDonalds may be amongst
them, and if a good cause can be had for it, I wish the Inver-
ness Men were part of those defended their own Town. I am
afraid my Friend Genzies Men have not yet recovered their
Senses, tho they were hardly ever fire burnt, I ever am yours

Normand MacLeod.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 171

Lord Loudons detachment who came with the Ammunition
march back tomorrow, if orders from you do not stop them,
which I wish it had for a day or two, as they create great con-
fidence and spirit, and those of my Son's Men that are here did
service by reproaches and other ways amongst their Country-
men.

From Hugh MacLeod of Geanies to the President, dated from Forres,
30th December 1745.

My Lord

I had the honour of your Lops of the 27th Curt. The Deser-
tion oT our Men considering how well some of them behaved
at Inverurie gives me much more uneasiness than what hap-
pened there, and the more so, that I think in part it might have
been prevented. There has not any of my Assent Men left me
since I went over Spey till Yesterday, that some of them went
to Nairn, expecting that the rest were to follow, this consider-
ing the behaviour of others and the pains taken on all our Men
by the Inhabitants of the Town we were in, is much ; if we
are not to go to Nairn, I shall endeavour to get them to return,
though I know it will not be easy to keep them on this side of
Inverness, as severals of my Men who were sick at Nairn on
their Recovery went home. I resolve as your Lop. directs to
send a Serjeant with another, on whom I can depend to Assint,
to endeavour to get those who have gone there to return, and
as most of the men I got from [Munro of] Culrain have gone
away, and Severals of them with their Arms, I send him a list
of them (noticing the day and the place they went from) with
one of my Serjeants, and I expect he'll get them or others to
return, and I know that your Lop. writing to him anent this
may be of use, I shall be at all pains to get my Company full
and on all occasions shall endeavour to do my Duty. I am With
the greatest Esteem

My Lord
Your Lop's most obliged faithfull Servt.

Hugh MacLeod.

172 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

From Donald MacLeod [presumably of Bernisdale, Lieutenant of the 2nd
Company] to MacLeod, dated from Scat-well, 30th December 1745.

Hon: Laird

I have not drudged more in my life than since I parted with
you though with little success in my undertaking, I could not
cast up with one Man came in the way and did all lay in my
power to stop their passage yet they found ways. I found out
after crossing the Ferry, that most of the Deserters have been
disarmed some by my Lord Seaforth's orders such are safe, and
to the number of 45 or [more], and did all I could in securing
them arms, spoke to the Gentlemen of the Mackenzies such as
Fairburn, Killcowie and Redcastle who promise to use their
interest in recovering them. Notwithstanding of what I have
done or that you are not to be idle in itt. I have wrote to Fair-
burn of this date to provide the two Glenelg men that this goes
by, in guns, and forward six more guns to Inverness for six
men left there, and to secure all that he could find till my return,
for I cannot learn that above twelve of them have carried their
arms by this Place. The Glenelg men have gone by the Bonna
and possibly have boats there likewise, and there will be worse
recovering of them. I expect to be up with ten more the day,
whom I expect to return, since they are now beginning to be
sensible of their folly, as I learn on this Road. I will use all
diligence to execute your orders, and till further insight I am
your honours most humble Servt.

Don: McLeod.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Forres, 31st December. 12
o'clock.

The Bearer is ane accidental hand and I promised you give him
sixpence. N. M. L.

My Lord,

The Inclosed is ane answer to a letter I wrote with Culcairn's
advice directed to the Commander of Troops in Aberdeen, desir-
ing the wounded and Prisoners might be cared for, and that I
would remitt by Bills money for their Care and Subsistance,
how soon a list of Each was sent me, how far this was right and
regular you will inform me, as also what further I ought to do.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 173

I am sorry for these Gentlemen he names as I fear they will
be but scurvily used. I have no very certain intelligence from
the other side Spey, but I believe they have 2 or 300 men scat-
tered over the Country about Strathbogie and no nearer. I was
very sorry to hear of the grumbling of the Macdonalds. I am
sure if it goes to ane height it will vex their Chief vastly, but if
they l>e marched this way I hope to put them in good humour
soon, I am most faithfully yours,

Normand MacLeod.

Follows the enclosure, reprinted from "Culloden Papers" (DXXIL).
The letter is holograph, but the message to Gastlehill is in another hand.

Address :—

To the Honourable the Laird of Makcleod att Duncan
Forbesse's House near Inverness these.

Aberdeen, Deer. 27th, 1745.

Sir,

I receiv'd your Letter by express last night, dated from Gordon
Castle ye 24th. All the care in our power has and shall be taken
of your wounded Men ; & all the Prisoners yt were taken under
their Arms shall meet with all the Civility in our power. But
for Regent Chambers, Forbes of Eight, & Maitland of Petrichie.
who have acted the infamous part of Spys & Informers, and
the two last especiallv, who have given a great deal of bad
advice to a certain great Man who shall be nameless, it is neither
consistent with my honour or inclination to treat them as
Prisoners of War. I shall take care to order supplys to be given
to all the Prisoners who want them, & the wounded men are
as well taken care of as our own.

I shall send you a list of the Prisoners & wounded, with
any useless papers & letters, as soon as possible; and any other
thing yt we can reasonably agree to, shall be done with pleasure.
I think I have now answered the most material parts of your
Letter. You will much oblige me in offering my Compliments
to Ld Charles Gordon; & I am,

Sir,
Your most humble Servant,

Lewis Gordon.

174 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

As I do not know where this will find you, I think the
most proper direction is to Duncan Forbes's House.

Colonel Colbert desires his compliments to be made to his
Brother Castlehill.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Brodie House, 1st January
1746.

My dear Lord

I've yours this Evening and I am joined by Mrs Brodie and
Miss with two more of my Clan in wishing you a Frequent
Repitition of Happy New Years and that we may not be troubled
with such a year as that which is now ended. I am sorry I
did wrong in writing to Lord Lewis, but Culcairn's assuring
me it was right and always done on such occasions, joined with
the compassion I felt for the wounded, three of whom I spoke
to, but could not bring away moved me to it. His Impertin-
ence I own surprised me, (especially to you, as it lay quite
out of his way to mention you att all,) even young and rash as
he is, you may be sure your Directions will be followed in what
I shall do for the future. I own I fear for these unlucky
Gentlemen, and yett I would think they hardly dare risk using
them ill for fear of the consequences. I reviewed all our Troops
today and including Loudoun's Detachment of 50, we are but
724, but Culcairn and Captain Mclntosh will immediately have
a strong Recruit, and I hope mine will not be long of coming
from Glenelg and Talisker very soon after. I approve of your
Doctrine of Dispatch and have wrote a strong Letter to him.
Dispatch the Bearer therefore to Sky without attending the Post,
and write to the Knight what you please, Talisker hinted you
expected soon to see him with a Body of men. No news from
the Eastward. Its said [John Gordon of] Avochy has twixt
3 and 400 men scattered about Strathbogie. These without a
considerable reinforcement will not I believe choice to visit ua
I am Most Faithfully yours

Normand MacLeod.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 175

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Brodie House, 2nd January
1746.

My dear Lord

The enclosed pieces of intelligence came to me this morning
from Elgin. I take the most probable account to be, that of
the 700 att most att Strathbogie, and I dare say they have not
att present anie immediate view of visiting us, this side Spey.
The Elgin Post says he saw the Prisoners &c moved from Aber-
deen and sent on the Road to Perth with a Guard. The lye
of the day, is that L[ord] J[ohn] Drummond has taken Stirling
I ever am yours Normand MacLeod.

The enclosures are missing.

From Sir Alexander Macdonald to the President, dated from Mugstot.
2nd January 1746.

My Lord

The retreat of the Highlanders does not at all surprise me. I
look'd for it sooner as the French assistants so much talk'd of
did not appear & that they found no friends in England. If
there is any sence at all among them I figure they'll disperse
& not attempt impossibilities any longer. I am sorry for the
Laird's Brush as he lost some clever fellows & yet I rejoice
because it does him & his men honour : if his deserters (who
were ferry'd from Lochcarrin to Troternish by Seaforth's men)
are not ere now in custody 'tis none of my fault, as I wrote
instantly on receipt of his letter to his Baillie & to such gentle-
men of his as remain at home, to secure them. On Tuesday
next [7th] I sett out for Sleat where if your note by Niel More
does not prevent it I shall soon have together the number I men-
tion'd in my note from the Kyle. I shall remit the deserters
to Inverness under an Escort. I am as ever

My Dr Lord Yours Alexr Macdonald.

From the President to Mrs Ross of Kindeace, dated from Culloden, 5th
January 1746 (Copy from Fraser- Mackintosh MSS., Register
House).

My dear Grissie,

Last night I had your kind letter inquiring after my health,
which I thank God is much hotter than I expected considering

176 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

the confinement the weather subjects me to, & the disagreeable
situation on many accounts in which I find myself. But it is to
be hoped this will soon have an end.

I detained your servant over night, in hopes that by arrival
of the Post I might have had some news to give you. But as
the Post which should have come in last Monday is not yet
arrived I choose rather to dismiss the lad, to prevent your un-
easieness at his stay than to keep him for so uncertain an event
as that of the Post coming on. The high probability however
is that he is detained by the way by those who do not like that
we in this Country should have the news he has to give. But
perhaps in this case no news may be taken to be good news.

I am glad to hear from your servant that you enjoy ordinary
health & that you are well enough to keep close quarters in this
sour weather. I heartily wish you a happy year & am dear
Grissie

Affectionately yours

(Sgd.) Duncan Forbes

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Forres, 8th January 1746,
"11 of clock."

My dear Lord

I had the pleasure of yours yesterday morning, and having
nothing extraordinary to say, I detained the Runner till now.
I find that Meal comes in but slowly here which makes our
Men grumble, and that they raise the Price, and I cannot say
that I find the Gentlemen about very ready to send in Parcels
to stock the Market. I can easily get 50 or 100 Bolls to buy if
I please at Lord Loudoun's Price, but as I'm quite Ignorant how
long I am to remain here its what I cannot venture to do with-
out his Orders or Desire. It will be necessarie you let me have
Directions about this without Delay, as there is a General Im-
bargo on Shipping, God knows how a supply of Meal can be sent
to Sky to Sir Alexander's People and Mine You will pro-
bablie know if there is any Remedy, and how to get it applied.
I am mighty sorry the Toothache has gone your way for I found
it a most plaguie Companion. I fancy it made you forget the
request about my Son — As I long much to see you and have one

177

hours Conversation, I can with the Assistance of the Lyons
Cart and my own Horses be with you in a Morning by Eleven of
Clock, if you approve and I am not to move Eastwards for some
Days. I have not heard of your Son more than if he were in
Flanders, My compliments to him.

I ever am unalterablie yours

Normand Macleod.

During MacLeod's stay at Forres he was admitted a burgess, as
appears by the town's records, 15th January 1746. The following of
his officers were also then admitted, viz., Captain Normand MacLeod
of Waterstein, Lieutenant Alexander MacLeod, younger of Balmeanach ;
Lieutenant William MacLeod, son to Hammer ; Lieutenant John Camp-
bell, Ensign John M'Askill, Ensign John MacLeod. After these came cer-
tain of the officers of the MacDonald Companies, viz., Captain James Mac-
donald of Aird, Captain John MacDonald of Kirkibost, Lieutenant Allan
MacDonald of Kingsburgh, Lieutenant Allan MacDonald of Knock, Ensign
Donald MacDonald of Captain John MacDonald's Company; Ensign James
Macdonald of Captain James Macdonald's Company. Then Captain
George Munro of Culcairn and Ensign Hugh Munro ; and lastly
servants of MacLeod, of Mr Baillie, of the Lord Lyon, and of Captain
MacDonald.

Anonymous to the President, dated 20th January, with enclosure, dated
8th January 1746.

My Lord

McLeod having discovered marks of a deep concern and aflic-
tion from the Desertion of some of his Men, it seemed to me
reasonable to draw up a Letter of address which should not
only confirm him of the fidelity of the Rest of his People at
home, but also proclaim to the World how much they detest
the ingratitude of these Vermin for soe I must call them that
forsook the best of masters, and as your Lop. on many occasions
has given proofs of inviolable kindness for my Chief, I thought
fit to send you a true Copie of this address, since I believe the
disappointment he got from some, might keep him back from
speaking to your Lop., or any other Person of those of his Clan,
who have different Sentiments from the ignoble Herd of the
Commons. By advice from South Uist of the 17th instant I

178 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

understand a Captain and Lieutenant Mathesons were then at
Barra ready to carry off good quantity of money and Arms to
the Mainland for the Service of the Young Pretender. The
great McNeile of Barra was likewise ready to embarque with
six score men, for their escort till they Join the Highland Army.
Whether they will wait orders on the Mainland or march with
soe small a guard I know not, but it is my opinion if a strong
Corps made up of the troops at Fort Augustus and Fort William
with some well affected Highlandmen should march with
expedition and secrecy to Moydart they would give a good
account of men, money and Arms. If you have any difficulty
to remember my hand MacLeod will inform you that I am
Your Lordships most humble Servant

As you have been pleased to acquaint us, that you are satisfied
with the gallant Behaviour of your Men, on their being attacked
at Inverury, We think it incumbent on us, to congratulate with
you on that occasion. But at the same time, are sorry that you
have too just reason to complain afterwards of the shameful
desertion of some of Them, when they were out of all Danger.
However, this, very bad as it is, it may be some alteration to
your Grief, that the common Highlanders, have from time to
time, universally persisted in this pernicious unaccountable
Mistake, as if it circulated in their Blood, and was conveyed
down from Age to Age, That they have an absolute right to
give up the Cause they espouse, and forsake their Leaders, soon
after they see the Face of an Enemy. But of all those Mis-
creants who have been a disgrace to our Nation, none seems less
excusable than those Fugitives, who shared so much in your
Bounty and Generosity. For tho' some Chieftains content
themselves to furnish their People, only with the bare neces-
saries of Life, you always supplied yours with every other thing,
necessary for them, which renders the Disappointment they
gave you more shocking, and surprising, as it was so little de-
served and expected. Meantime since all who will hear this
sad Story, and even yourself, may be suspicious, that the Rest
of your People at Home are of the same Stamp and Kidney, We
beg and intreat (while Innocent) we may not be put in the same
Category with Persons whose errors we Disclaim, Detest and

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 179

abhor, On tfie Contrary your Intrepid Courage, Constancy and
Resolution in defence of your King and Country, beyond any
other of your Rank, known, to us in the Isle of Britain has
animated and inspired us to follow your Example. And if
your pleased to afford us the opportunity, we can yet bring to
the Field Numbers of your men that will Sacrifice their Lives
and Fortunes in your Service, and will not part from you, nor
deviate from the Principals you have espoused, but with the
last Drop of our Blood, and this (if you put it to the Trial) our
Actions will Shew. As we are determined not to survive the
Loss of our Priviledges, Liberties and Properties, whatever our
situation may be, we neither can, nor will forget, we are with
Pleasure Your most etc

Jan. 8th 1746.

Sic subs. Will. McLeod of Hammir

Alexr. McLeod [?Fasach]

Alexr. McLeod, Ferrinslea

John McLeod of Bay

Evan Beaton, Donnerich,

Donald McLeod, Medle [Meadale]

Rory McLeod, Gesto

Normand McLeod L?Summerdale]

Suin McSuin, Roag

Dugald McSuine, Vaten [Vatten]

Donald McLeod, Lindle [Lyndale]

Neil McLean, Edinbane

Alexander Macleod, Ullinish

John McLeod, Unish

Charles McSuine, Bernisdale

All tacksmen and heads of families in the barronies of Glenelg,
Harris and Minginish would subscribe this address with equal
zeal & alacrity if they had the oportunity

From John MacLeod, younger of Raasay [who afterwards gave such
material assistance to the Prince in his wanderings] to the Presi-
dent, dated from Raasay, 28th December 1745.

My Lord

It is with reluctancy that I give your Lordship the trouble of
reading this Letter, and at a time when you must be much

180 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

hurried with matters of much greater moment, but the com-
mon inclination of doirg myself justice I hope will excuse me.
I am afraid your Lordship may think that I was of Intelli-
gence with my Father in the folly that he has committed, yet
it is certain I not only refused to be of the Party with him, but
endeavoured as much as possible to dissuade him from dipping
in so ruinous a Scrape. I cannot desire that your Lordship
should take this allenarly upon my Word, I appeal for the truth
of it to Sir Alexander MacDonald and Laird of MacLeod, by
whose conduct I resolved to regulate my own, I hope upon
enquiring into my Conduct your Lordship will find no reason,
why I should not be honoured with the same notice that you
have formerly been pleased to take of me. I am with great
esteem

Your Lordships most Obedt Humble Servant

John McLeod.

From James Morison, junior, to the President, dated from Aberdeen,
15th January 1746.

My Lord

I was honoured with your Lop's favours of the 17th past. If
providence had ordered matters so as the Laird of McKlaud
had come to Aberdeen, he had a just title to all the Marks of
Esteem the Town could have put upon him, and would cer-
tainly receive the same as a token of gratitude for his good
Intentions of reliving us from oppression. All the Avenues
leading out of Town, were so strickly guarded while he was at
Inverurie that it was with difficulty we could acquaint him of
the 300 French &c, that had joined the 600 Rebels, that were
here before. A great many were seized on suspicion of going
with Intelligence of which my Servant was one. McKlaud's
Resolute Behaviour in running to the Enemy with so few of
his men about him and the stand they made with not one half
of their little Army against 900 till they were overpowered by
Numbers is much to his honour, and satisfied the Rebels them-
selves, that nothing but the taking of him at a Disadvantage
could have made them successful and nothing but the Success,
could justify the dangerous attempt of attacking the McKlauds,

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 181

and at last there is nothing to boast of by them for its prettie
certain 60 of them were killed and upwards of 20 wounded.
There is no Armed Rebells in this place at present, but before
they went off, it seems a great many of the Inhabitants met and
agreed to pay £1,000 ster. upon Account of a Demand made on
the Town for a certain number of Men. for which they have
given Bills on Edinburgh, for one half, and about 60 of the
Burghers accepted a Bill for the other half, payable 1st of
Febry. In the meantime there is a possie gathering up levy-
ing monie and imprisoning the Tennants that refuse to pay,
and its reported James Petrie is at Peterhead collecting from
these Lands in this Country (in those parts) who had not paid
before.

I am much afraid the Highlanders if they retreat this way,
will doe great Damage in our Town. And it would be of vast
Service to us that Lord Loudoun could preserve our Place from
the Distruction, wh. that event so visibly threatens it with,
especially those in it, who are Friends to the Government, or
tlie Damned Whigs (as we are commonly styled by Its Enemies)
by his Lop. sending here as many of his Troops as he can spare,
(if the Situation of the North cannot admit of his bringing his
whole Armie so farr South.) We depend on your Lops interest
in this Matter, that all assistance will be given us speedily wh.
can be done in ronsistancie with the general good of the Nation.
We are at a great loss here to know what's doing, anyway be-
yond the Forth, none of our outposts getting further than King-
horn, so it would be exceedingly refreshing, to hear what's
doing in our Armies, cr if any Foreign Troop be coming to
Scotland from Holland, if the Dutch be in Scotland, or any other
News your Lop. is at Liberty to communicate. The Bearer
who is a Friend of mine, is a sincere well wisher of His
Majesty's Interests and to whom I refer for other Particulars
of our Situation and remain With the highest Esteem

My Lord
Your Lop. most obliged <fe obedient Servant

James Morison. Jun.

182

From Sir Alexander Macdonald to the President, dated from Portree,
15th January 1746.

My Lord,

I have been as busy, as Talisker will tell you, to relieve
my friend the Laird, his supply is equipping and will be with
him as fast as possible. I have got an unhappy cold, that
makes my bones troublesome to use, and I am forced to go
home and recruit a little health instead of seeing his men and
my Escorte for them over the Kyle, however they'll go in a
proper way as [Alexander MacDonald of] Kingsborrow goes
to see them ferry'd. I got the money you sent by [Hugh Mac-
donald of] Balshair ; could there be as much sent by Donald
Martin of Bealloch, who goes lieutenant to the Escorte as far
as Kessaig, I would make no demands soon, tho' the expense
I have been at (& you can't guess why) is shameful, but could
not well be avoided. My hearty service to the Pledger [Hugh
Inglis] and if you remember me to Lord Loudoun I shall be
only as ever

My dear Lord Yours

Alex Macdonald.

From Sir Alexander Macdonald to the President, dated from Mugstot,
20th January.

My Dear Lord

When I wrote last I was much out of order, I got a villanous
cold looking at the Laird's supply & I know not whether a
liquid remembrance of him & some other did not help it for-
ward. However by parting with a lucky dose of blood and
spewing I am now well enough except that my shoulders and
bones ake less than they did, so that the next from you will find
me in Sleat. I have the men of this part of my Estate 200 in
readiness to march on a minute's warning & there are sixty
at the two Kyles always in readiness & a hundred in Sleat
equipt. This is to a trifle all that can be properly cloath'd
from this Island tho' the corpora are pretty numerous beside.
These men are all at their homes except the men at the Kyles
Let me know if I should bring 100 more from Uist : if this last
is done they must be constantly subsisted,

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 183

I hope Tallisker & Kingsborrow have done as well in
remitting the Laird's supply as if I cou'd have been present. I
am as ever

My Dear Lord's faithful Servant

Alexr. Macdonald.

From MacLeod to the President, dated from Forres, 21st January 1746,
1 o'clock.

My Dear Lord,

I shall send you the Dunvegan Post, this night or tomorrow
morning. Enclosed is the Knight & Rasey's Letter, what the
unlucky young Man says is certainly true, both as to his own
Conduct and his Father's.

The McDonalds say the sum Bellshar carried to Sir Alex-
ander was either £100 or 100 Guineas but are not quite posi-
tive. Jamie Fraser will probablie have his Receipt, which is
a sure evidence.

I've had a Visit from Gordonstoun this Morning, he has
no news, but a Letter from over Spey he got Last Night, says
500 of the Rebells were returned to Aberdeen, and that they
said they were to be followed by 500 more, he seems neither to
believe the first or last part of the Story. Sir Robert and
Gulcairn salute you.

I ever am Yours

Normand Macleod.

From Sir Alexander Macdonald to MacLeod, dated from Mugstot,
20th January.

My dear Friend

By John MacLeans knife and a powder I am too well acquainted
with ; I have got much the better of an ugly cold. My bones
are yet a little restless. I travel to Sleat how soon I can in
order to be nearer a Call. God love you for your care of poor
John Brollum, my service to him, his wife has a daughter
whose name is Margaret, and the Mother recovers finely.

This little House has been a Hospital since I came home,
all the Infantry colded (even Susan) but all mending.

Yours

Alexr. Macdonald.

184 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

(19) LETTERS FROM THE SOUTH (JANUARY 1746).
The correspondence of the President with the Government may be
read in " Culloden Papers," passim. His repeated requests for arms,
cash, and credit had up to the commencement of the year 1746 received
little attention. Towards the end of December he wrote strongly to the
Earl of Stair (" Culloden Papers," DXX.),

You see, My Lord, I write with some emotion ; and it is no
wonder, for I must look upon myself as the cause of all the
sufferings of those who I have prevail'd with to risk every-
thing in defence of the Government, should the Rebells prevail
over them ; & that for the want of those supplies which I per-
swaded them they should have, & which had they received,
or if they shall yet receive in time, everything must be safe.
In regard to the Independent Companies he wrote—

. . . & there is not one of the Companies given, but to such
as undertook the service when in this Country it seemed the
most desperate. And if the remaining Companys shall be
disposed of, they shall be given in the same way.
. . . . I have done what I think every honest man ought
to have done ; and upon this single principle, that I thought it
was my duty.

The copy of the letter from which these extracts are given is missing.
The date given in "Culloden Papers" is 22nd December, but it may
be the one which was answered by Lord Stair, as follows: —

Prom the Earl of Stair to the President, dated from London, 9th
January 1746.

My dear Lord

I am by this Letter to thank your Lordship for your letter of
the 24th December. I am perfectly satisfied of the disagree-
able Situation you must have been in not hearing anything
from hence during the Course of so many weeks. I thought
that what I felt upon that occasion could not be so well ex-
pressed, as by shewing your Lordship's Letter to his Majesty
& his Ministers, which I did; by that they might see very
clearly, how very disinterested your views were, to serve the
King and your Country against the Pretender, and how very
useful your endeavours had been for thai purpose in conjunc-
tion with Lord Loudoun.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 185

Your Lordship will see what in consequence has been done
here, by the inclosed Copy of my Letter to Lord Loudoun,
which will abridge my Letter to you and give me little more to
say, but that I ever am with the greatest esteem and affection
Your Lordships most faithfull Friend and Servant

Stair.

Your Lordship will have heard that some days ago the Mar-
quis of Tweedale has demetted his Employment of Secretary of
State for Scotland.
To Ld. President.

Headed :— Copy of a letter from L. Stair to Lord Loudoun.

London 9th Janry 1746.
My Lord,

In answer to your letter of the 25th wh. I received here from
Inverness on the 30th at night, in less time than any letter ever
came, I immediately made application to His Majesty, Mr
Pelham, and all those concerned, in the different Offices, who
have given all the Dispatch imagineable. The money and Arms
demanded are on board the Sloop, which is ready to sail, you
have the detail of the particulars from other hands.

I insisted very much that there should have been a day
fixt from which the off reckonings of the 20 companies, should
have been made current, in order to the providing of Cloathing
to the said Companies, but your Mem. of order and form say,
that it is absolutely necessary, that there should be a Certificate
from your Lordship, Lord President, or both, of the time of rais-
ing such Companies, that there may be an establishment made
out of the said Compys. and when that is made out, the off
reckonings, should be current in course. This will only be a
retardment of some weeks and in the meantime you may enter
into agreements for Cloathing of the said Companies, in the same
manner ES the new Regiments here have done, which is, the off
reckonings as far as they go, making a part of the Payment of
such agreement, the Government paying the rest, if the Com-
panies happen to be broke, before the off reckonings amount to
the sum of the agreement.

A A.

186 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

I inquired here about Broad-Swords, for your Gompanys,
which I own is a very necessary Article, but there is no such
thing to be found ready made.

I am sorry to find by yours of the 25th that your Party sent
towards Aberdeen has been surprised, but I suppose long before
this time you have found means to set that matter right again.
I own to you my opinion would always have been preferable
to every thing to have disarmed the Erasers, and to have secured
my Friend Lord Lovat, which I should have imagined would
not have been disagreeable to him. Before this time the
Troops from Newcastle are arrived at Edr, what the movements
of the Rebells will be in consequence of that, we do not yet
know If the Rebells should join and in consequence retire
on Perth to wait a new supply from France, my opinion would
be, to embark six Battalions 'from hence, to be landed att
Aberdeen, to act in conjunction with your Lordship by which
means the Rebells would be deprived of the subsistance they
might otherwise draw from Aberdeenshire, Banff and Murray,
and of the facility of recruiting their Army. What measures
will be taken I do not certainly know.

We have had a great Frost for some days which frose up
the Rivers in Holland but it has thawed since last night, and
continues so to do, with the Wind at S.W. I shall finish my
letter at my return from Court, whither I am going.

Since writing I have seen Wilkieson, who tells me that he
can agree with a Man at Birmingham for furnishing fourscore
Hilts per week, for mounting the Blades which your Lordship
has already for your own Regiment, at the same time Mr
George Ross says, that a. man here in Town has undertaken to
furnish a thousand complete Swords at nine shillings a piece
for the Independent Gompanys. I have told both these
Gentlemen that it is my opinion that they ought to go on with
those contracts.

I believe the intention is to send down from hence three
or four Battalions by Sea, to be landed at Aberdeen, to be joined
there by some Battalions from Mr. Hawley's Army in Scotland,
and by your Lordship from Inverness, because tho' the thaw
continues there is no certain dependence to be made on the time

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 187

of the arrival of the Hessians, who besides are very useful
where they are, and not at all wanted on this side, tho' from
time to time, our Fears of an Invasion from France are not
quite vanished, but every reasonable man must agree, that the
Danger is quite over.

Our Court has talked of late with our Allies abroad, the
Proposals on all sides, seem probable to carry on the Alliance
against France with advantage, even without the Assistance of
any British Troops abroad. Your Lordship easily perceives of
what an immense weight it must be to have such a number of
Troops ready to be employed against France, when it shall be
thought proper.

Hawley is to have with him in Scotland fifteen old Battalions
besides Horse and Dragoons. Your Lordship and the President
are to receive your directions from time to time, as to your Mili-
tary operations from him, or from the Person, who at the time
shall command his Majesty's Forces in Scotland. This will
considerably abridge and diminish your uncertainties and dis-
gusts.

I am etc.,

The position at this time of Lord Stair, and, indeed, of Scotsmen in
general, is brought out in the following letter (" Gulloden Papers,"
DXXV.), the writer of which seems to have had some acquaintance with
Hawley.

My Lord,

I take the opportunity of the sloop which the government
sends, to assure you of my best wishes, & to congratulate you
upon the figure you make in this part of the world; who are sur-
prised to find a man, without views, standing up for the rights
& libertys of his country, just upon the brink of falling into
eternal misery and confusion.

It would be presumption in me to pretend to inform you of
numberless transactions here, who assuredly have these accounts
from better hands : but I wish to God your interest or persuasion,
joined to the opinion the world has of your disinterestedness,
and the knowledge they agree you have of your country, cou'd
be convey'd here, to second good Lord Stair's, in the many
though fruitless attempts his Lordship has made to save, if pos-

188 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

sible, the ruin of the north, and effectually finish the rebellion
before the spring. But, at present, any proposalls from Ld
Stair are, I am afraid, neglected, lest by their success he should
gett power, which is not the interest of the present ruler; who,
although not publicly declared, yet privately manages the Scots
affairs, with the same despotism he ever has done.

We flattered ourselves here, that the Duke was to go to Scot-
land himself; but that seems now to be no longer believ'd, and
the whole burthen [is] left upon Hawley, and your old friend
Hugh, his aid-de-camp. No mortal disputes Mr Hawley's genius
for the management of a squadron, or prosecuting with vigour
any mortal to the gallows; although, at the same time, they wish
that he had the lenity to make converts, or the absolute force
to make all fly before him. But he has only 15 Battns, some
of these extream weak, and Ld Gobham's dragns, to join those
who distinguish'd themselves at Preston. This moment an
express tells us, the rebels are march'd to attack Stirling. As,
probably, Mr Hawley will go to relieve it, before this reach you
the fate of Scotland may be determined, on which our other
schemes depend. For it will appear odd to you, that this great
kingdom is by trifles either raised to a prosperity that exceeds
impertinence, or falls from the smallest adversity below compas-
sion. Wee at present beginn to breathe, as the rebells have
retired to Scotland, which, to the generality here, is the same
as Norway; and that they no longer are in terrour from the
invasion, and now indeed countermand (as we are told) the
Hessians and our own 18 squadrons, and are become so brave,
as to think of sending troops to Flanders, and by May next to
invade France.

Lord Stair, in his letter to Lord Loudoun, which no doubt
you'll see, has discuss'd all the matters of business; so I have
no more left, than assuring your Lordsp, in my low capacity,
I am very much your devoted slave,

and most humble servt.

Jo. Forbes.
London,

January 9th 1745-6.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 189

P.S. Since Lord Tweednle resigned they have talk'd of nothing
but numbers of changes i.e. the Hroadbottoms to be sent a pack-
ing, but at present they say they have compromised matters by
their agreeing to a prosecution of the warr abroad.

With reference to Lord Stair's remarks (in his letter to Lord Loudoun
of 9th January) about Lovat, who was now at large, John Hossack, in a
business letter to the President, dated from Inverness, 7th January 1746,
wrote

I am told wrights were sent to Glenstrafarar for lineing and
make a convenient room there for his Lordship. He is at Gort-
legs house, a guard of 60 men there.

On 10th January 1746, the President wrote (Hist. MSS. Com., Lang MSS.,
Vol. I., p. 452) to his cousin, William Forbes, in Edinburgh,

My Lord Lovat, who has for many years been complaining of
colds and feavers . . . has mended, as I am told, much in
his health since he made a moonlight flitting into the moun-
tains. I wish his march may be found to have been as prudent
as it has proved medicinal.

On llth January 1746, the Duke of Newcastle wrote to the President
(" Culloden Papers," CGGVIII.).

The Marquess of Tweeddale having resigned the office of one
of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, and his Majesty
having been pleased to direct, that the Correspondence with
Scotland should be carried on by My Lord Harrington and me ;
I could not but take the first opportunity of assuring you that
I shall have a particular pleasure in renewing a correspondence
with your Lordship . . his Majesty was pleased to order
that 1000 stand of arms should be immediately sent . . .
with a sum of money for {he payment of the Troops. . . .
His Majesty has been pleased to appoint Lieut. General Haw-
ley ... to be Commander in Chief of the Forces in Scot-
land.

On 14th January, General Wightman wrote to the President from Edin-
burgh (Idem DXXVII).-

I write this chiefly to begg your coming hither, that you may be
a checque upon the D — ke and the J ce, and may take the

190 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Government of this Town till we get a new constitution of
Government. All the inhabitants will petition for a Commis-
sion of Lieutenancy to you, which will put you upon a Par with
the D — ke, and enable you to do more, to put spoaks in his Wheel

as formerly, when you was Ld Ad 1. Your Country calls

upon you at present loudly to act for it; I beseech don't be deaf!
to it, by staying longer where you are than you needs must.

General Wightman did not like the Justice Clerk, Lord Milton, concern-
ing whom he wrote some days later (Idem CCCX.), to the President,
sending an account of the Battle of Falkirk with a special messenger,

that I may ascertain myself of a Letter from you, and give you
an Opportunity of writing to your friends with more Liberty

than you can do under the J ce's Cover, who, you know,

loves to peep, and, like all Tyrants, is jealous of every one, even
of his own tools. I send you also herewith a corrected copy of
the Edinburgh Packet, which contains the Speech, printed Ao
1725, in which I declare against Partyship in the strongest
terms : In which Sentiment I still continue.

After having said this, you'l be surprized to hear, that I

supped with Ld Arn n [Arniston] when he passed through

Newcastle, and am become acquainted with his Son the Solicitor;

and at the same time am declaredly antipode to the J ce; in

so much that I do not so much as see him, much less speak with
him, on account of his misbehaviour to me when he was a
Refugee at Berwick, notwithstanding the Civilitys I shewed him,
and the Services I did him when he was at Newcastle; and this
I do deliberately & resolutely, though I very well know that he
is at present drunk with Power. The Marquis having demitted,
the Duke comes into the same Situation he was in before tHe

Patriots prevailed against Sr R. W le; and consequently the

J ce is once more depute Vice Roy.

The following anonymous letter appears to be from one of a cadet
branch of the family of Clerk of Penicuik, the coat-of-arms on the seal
being a fess chequy between two crescents in chief, and a boar's head
in base, all within a bordure, with the legend, " Sat cito si sat tuto." It
is dated in January 1746.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 101

My dear Lord. President

I write this time in great haste to tell you that I still continue
in great health, without even the complnint of hot water. I
as less wearied when I come home at night after a day's walk-
ing than I used to be these last two Winters when carried in a
chair. I have no news to write as we are only in expectation.
I have it from good hands, that both Armies seem to be in good
Spirits. I am in some concern for our Friend Jo Rattray tho'
he was pressed out by the Highlanders, and carried vi et armis
out of his bed, yet I do not know what construction may be put
upon his staying with them so long in this Country. At the
same time if he comes off he must go to Prison. I have never
heard from him. They talk here of Peter Haldane or Harry
Hume to succeed Lord Balmerino, but I believe we know nothing
of the matter. Adieu.

No successor to Lord Balmerino was appointed till the following sum-
mer, when the Lord Advocate (Robert Craigie) was made a Lord of
Session. John Rattray and George Lauder, whose case is mentioned
later, were both forced out by the Prince's army as surgeons to care for
the wounded.

(20) AFTER THE BATTLE OF FALKIRK.

The possibility of the Prince's army retreating to the neighbourhood
of Inverness was early realised by the President; and the temporary
check to the Government caused by the battle of Falkirk (17th January),
with the resulting elation of its enemies, added materially to his difficul-
ties. There is more than one account in the " Gulloden Papers " of
Hawley's defeat, who, General Wightman said, seemed "to be sensible
of his misconduct, for when I was with him on Saturday [18th] morn-
ing at Linlithgow, he looked most wretchedly, even worse than Cope did
a few hours after hi« scuffle, when I saw him at Fala."

From Sir Archibald Grant of Monymusk to the President, dated from
Castle Grant, 21st January 1746.

My Lord

What I am now to offer to your Lordship's consideration is not
to propose any measure of action. . . . But what I am to
submit to my Lord Louden & your Lop is ... to associate

192 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

all the chieftains and principle members of the Loyall clans,
and other principle people of the King's friends in the North, to
exert themselves for the publick service by a strong address to
the King. Haveing mentioned this to My Lord Findlater and
Mr Grant, all of us agreed your Lop. was the proper judge of
its expediency.

Tho' it is late in respect to the Rebellion, the first threat-
end attack upon our constitution by a formidable invasion from
foreign Powers, gives not only a new and naturall use to it,
but may render it both more necessary and somewhat usefull,
as it renders it more honourable for the King and all concerned
in proportion to the degree of danger at the time when it is done.

As there hath been a deficiency of powers and provision to
authorise and employ the King's friends in the North for action;
many of whom, your Lordship knows have been ready to act
heartily . . . some such measure as is here proposed may
contribute to the honour of the King & the vindication of the
country.

Tho' it is presumable your Lop has later and better intelligence
of affairs in the South than we ; yet it would be unpardonable
at such a time, not to mention what is materiall of what we
hear. Last night we had returns from Badenough and Strath-
doun, which confidently affirms that almost all Gapoch's men
are returned, and many of the Gamerons returning dailly; that
severalls of the Erasers, and those who went with Cromartie,
have passed north ward within these few days, and more upon
the way in the same course, and nine of Cluny's Mcphersons
certainly came to the country last Friday. That five men are
come to Strathdoun who have deserted with their arms, who
left Stirling last Thursday the 16th, when there had not been
one gun fir'd against the Castle, nor any battery raised for that
purpose; and they assert there is dailly considerable desertion.
And one from Aberdeen who left it last Fryday says there is not
one military man in that town, nor in any part of the Country
nor Mearns. j am with esteem and respect

Your Lordships most obedient and most humble servt.

Arch. Grant.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 193

From Seaforth to the President, dated from Bralian Castle, 22nd
January 1746.

My Lord

I had the honour of yours of this day's date. I suppose the
resignation you mention [Lord Tweeddale] won't give your
Lordship great pain. I am not sorry that our Perth" neighbours
have crossed the Forth, because I must beg leave to differ from
your opinion about their retreat and must believe they shall
rather make a moonlight stretch to get into some winter quarters
without risquing an action except advantageously in the woods,
which you see they skulk about. Upon the supposition of a
north visit which I dont look for so suddenly, I so far approve
of your Lordship's hint that I had the same thoughts long agoe,
but as I have no administration, civill or military, except a firm
and unvariable attachment to my King and country I dont pre^
sume to offer schemes. Meantime I'd humbly think your Lord-
ship's dependence in such a case shou'd not be mainly upon
the remotest friends, but as the cause must be common, that all
imbark'd with the Government or who may dread ruffian bands
shou'd associate as one man, tho' I am at a loss to know how
they can act in any other shape than self defensive. However
their mutuall understanding or junction wou'd put the adven-
turers to a stand. I sfiall long for the next account, wishing
and hopeing you have proper land as well as sea intelligence,
that people may not be mislead or surprised in any event. 1
have not heard one word from the Lewis since my factor went
thither, which I can impute to nothing but to cross winds, make-
ing a passage impracticable. I am uneasy but I can't help it.
I hope Mr Forbes has got the better of his leg. I am just going
to drain my purse to the Collector of the cess which nothing
wou'd induce me to but that I understand My Lord Loudouns
pressing demands wont bear a delay or exchange. I offer his
Lordship my compliments. I am

My dear Lord Your Lordships most affectionate
humble servant

K. Mackenzie.

BB

194 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Headed :— Copie of part of Letter to Lord Seaforth [23rd January] 1746.
I am glad to hear your Lordship has had the same sentiments
as I have had about assembling the Possie of this Neighbourhood
to resist a Common Danger, which may approach us. But you
have omitted to say what you have resolved to do. It is because
your People are most remote except those of the Isle of Sky,
that I gave the first notice of this to your Lop, which became
practicable only upon the assurance we have received, that some
Arms and some money are on the way for us, and I am desirous
to know what your Lop, thought was fit to be done because I
would regulate my views and Propositions accordingly. Since
the number of arms now sent, do not I doubt exceed 1000,—
and those must be proportioned in the out giving, amongst
those that are able and willing to make use of them, for the
Defence of the Government and for their mutual Defence. When
we know your Lops Sentiments, those who are nearer, at least
whose men are will be acquainted in course. I know it, and
am sorry for it, that your Lop. has no employment Civil or
Military, and I am so far in the like Case, that I have no employ-
ment that can entitle me, to meddle in those matters. But your
Lop. has and has shewn it very much to your honour, and for
the Service of both, ane unalterable attachment to your King
and Country, as you very properly express it, which gives you
ane undoubted title to advise, and to act. I have often told
your Lop I act under no other Character, and would never desire
better advisers on such ane occassion, fhan such as act from the
like Principles and under the same Title. I have this evening
wrote a Letter to Sir Alexander MacDonald which will be for-
warded tomorrow, desiring him to have some of his and
McLeod's men in readiness, and proposing, what [Mackenzie
of] Davoch Maluach told me yesterday, your Lop. had spoken
of a resolution, for mutual defence, between the Tennants of
your Highland estate, and those of Sky &c. and wh. I dare say
will be agreed to, so soon as I have your Lops Resolutions I
shall proceed in mentioning the necessity of having more men,
to others, whose men aro nearer. My humble Duty to My Lady.
I am My dear Lord Intirely yours &c.

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 195

Headed :— Copie Letter to Sir Al. MacDonald 23 Janry. 1746.

My dear Knight

You can hardly conceive what concern it gave me, to learn by
your last, that your health was hurt, as that happened in the
service of your Country at a point of time when there is further
occasion for that Service. Last Tuesday [21st] a Kinghorn
Boat despatched from Leith, the 17th brought us Dispatches from
London and from Edinburgh. From London the Duke of New-
castle writes, that the Marquis of Tweedale has resigned, that
the King is well satisfied with our behaviour in this part of the
World. That Hawley commands in Scotland, that the Hessians
are ordered for the Firth of Forth, and that a supply of Arms and
money is ordered for us. And a Letter from London says that
the Speedwell Sloop of War, was dispatched from the River
the llth with these particulars. From Edinburgh we learn,
that the Highlanders from England having called to their assist-
ance there friends from Perth, had invested Stirling Castle, the
Militia that passed the Town having retired. That they had
taken possession of Falkirk, and had advanced a Body of 1000
or 1200 men to Lithgow. That they had collected Boats to
Transport their Artillery (wh. as far as I can learn consists of
6 pieces of cannon) across the Forth. That on the eleventh a
Detachment of 300 in Boats from Leith, burnt and destroyed
these Boats, and killed or wounded about fifty of the people that
guarded them. That on the 14th General Hawley detached
Genl. Husk with 6 Battalions to Lithgow, who concealed his
March so well that he must have surprised the Highlanders, but
for the Treachery of an Innkeeper, who gave the Highlanders
notice in time enough to escape, before they were surrounded.
That General Hawley followed the next day, with 6 Batt. more
and some Dragoons, and upon his approach the Highlanders
quitted Falkirk also and retired to the other side of the Carron,
where they were making Dispositions as if they intended to
stand the fate of an Attack, which Hawley was resolved to make
having got up a Field Train of 10 pieces, and having been joined
at Falkirk by 1200 Highlanders from Argyllshire, and by the
Regiment of Volunteers under E. Hume [Earl of Home]. It
was the oppinion of Edinburgh, on the 17th, that either that

196

day or the next, a general action must happen, as
they were assured the Highlanders and their Prince
were determined to put all to the issue of a' Battle, before
the Hessians and some other Troops that were expected dayly
should arrive. But I must confess I should conjecture other-
ways, because the inevitable destruction that must happen in
the case of a defeat, Stirling and the Forth being behind them,
and the Argyllshire Highlanders with Humes Militia, and the
Dragoons being good enough hands in a chase, whatever figure
they might make in sustaining ane attack, ought in my appre-
hension to deter the most adventurous, from risking an Action on
that Ground, what I therefore at present Imagine, is, that they
may have chosen the Party of retiring behind the Forth, per-
haps as far as Perth, to wait the Issue of the expected Invasion
from France, but I have no notion that Hawley will suffer them
to remain there long, as in his Letter to us, he does not seem to
have the same opinion, of their Prowess that other Commanders
have had. His force consisted some days ago, of 14 old Bat-
talions and about 3 Regiments of Dragoons besides the Argyll-
shire Highlanders, and the Militia I have mentioned, and if the
Hessian foot which are in number about 4800 are arrived, he
may surely do anything he pleases, or that the Season will per-
mitt. Having thus my Dear Knight told you all that I have
heard, the result whereof that things are just at a Crisis, it
comes to be ane important consideration what is fit to be done,
what you and I and everyone who thinks, as we do, ought to
wish, evidently is, that those unhappy, men, might take the
Resolution, instantly to disperse, in order to consult their own
safety and should not dream of maintaining a war any longer,
wh. in all Human Appearance can have no other effect, than to
secure their own Distruction, to draw some Innocent People
who have hitherto been quiet, into the same condemnation, and
perhaps to distress some Persons in the North, who are lately
become the objects of their Resentment purely because they did
not dance to their Pipe. Now the most effectual and indeed
the only means to compass, what we thus wish, appears to me
to be instantly to assemble such a Force, at this Place as shall
obviate or Extinguish all Hopes in them, of making any stand

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 197

in this country. I take it for Granted General Hawley when
his Hessians arrive, perhaps before, will make Perth too hot for
them, and in the Highlands they cannot possibly subsist in a
Body, could they retire to this Country and make themselves
Masters of it. And they might maintain themselves in it some-
time and do abundance of mischief, because the Regular Troops,
could not in this Season quickly follow them, but if there was
a sufficient possie here to lock them out, there would be no other
party they could possibly take but to separate, and be quiet.
Now as we soon hope to be able to arm ten or twelve hundred
men, besides the Force already on Foot and to subsist them,
what we have thought on, is as quick as possible to bring
together to this Neighbourhood, that, or a greater number of the
possie from Sky, Seaforth, Sutherland, etc. who are to serve on
longer, than till the present [trouble] is over, and are with the
Companys now here, to direct their Force indifferently for the
defence of any of the Countrys that may be threatened by the
Gentlemen who are not of humour with any of us ; such a dis-
position, would, I should think dissipate any purpose of keep-
ing together in a Body, after they are obliged to leave Perth,
and would affectually secure any one corner against resentment
the only means to compass, what we thus wish, appears to me
and indeed, it falls in with an overture which Caberfey [Sea-
forth] was making sometime ago of an Alliance offensive and
defensive for the present occasion, between himself and the
Chiefs of Sky, to assist each other in case of any attack totis
Viribus.

Now my dear Knight if you think as I do, what I earnestly
entreat is that without losing a moment you will come down to
us, with 400 at least of your own and MacLeods trusting to it
that you will meet with the support and concurrence, I've been
speaking of, and I beseech you immediately you will by a Clever
Fellow, let me know your Resolutions, because I shall make
my call upon other People accordingly. It needs not be ane
objection that the Island will be thus left naked, partly as you
may acquaint the ships of War with your Expedition and require
their Protection, and principally as we shall all, and particu-
larly Seaforth 's people, who ly next you, be ready to fly to

198 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

the assistance of the Island. There is one other difficulty which
I confess I can not so well remove, but I know who can get the
better of it, and that is the disagreeable thought of leaving Lady
Margaret alone, in the midst of such bustle and hurry, were
I in your case I must own this would give me some uneasiness,
but at the same time from Lady Margaret's Character, I imagine
she would push me on to finish with honour, and for preventing
Mischief to my Friends and Country, an undertaking which I
had entered upon so worthily. This I doubt not will be the
case with you if your Health do not prevent it, which I earnestly
pray God may forbid, should that unluckily be otherwise you
will consider whether the People will follow Kingsburrow or
any other. The money you call for shall be sent by the Gentle-
man you mention, who is to head MacLeod's People. My
blessing to Lady Margaret and her Infantry. I am my dear
Knight thoroughly yours etc., etc.,

P.S. Since writing I find I have been mistaken in my conjec-
ture about the Highlanders risking a battle. The Particulars
I do not know, otherwise than as I have related them in a
schedule enclosed in the ostensible letter to you in which if I
have been rightly informed the success will not inflame their
courage.

The battle of Falkirk was fought on Friday, 17th January 1746.

From Hugh Inglis, captain of the merchant ship, "The Pledger," dated
from Inverness, 24th January 1746, to " Mr Gilbert Gordon Mer-
chant at Greigsby's Coffee House nigh the Royal Exchange, Lon-
don."

My Dear Sir

The inclosed was writt some time past & shoud have gon by last
packet boat, But mist the oppty, as many others did. Inclosed
you have a letter from Mrs Gordon, to which I Referr you to as
to her Situation. We still continue here in a miserable con-
dition our fears still incress of getting a visit from the P. & his
Army at least a part of them. Last night a Packet Boat
arrived from Leith. The news brot here by the Skipper is that
on Wedsenday the 15th" inst, General Hally & his Army left
Edn. in full march to Falkirk, in order to attack the Pr : then

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 199

said to be at Torwood, and for certant a bloody battle has been
ere now. Should the P. be worsted its ten thousand to one
he'l make his retrate this way & such as do not imediatly join
him will be used in the severest manner ; its a pity that the
Govt, do not think it worth while to bestow a man of War on
this place. Where must your Aquentances & Mine run too?
however this is not a subject to dwell upon ; its hard to know
whose hands this may fall in. We have had excessive rains
for some days past, little or no fish got in the River, however
our loss is, already considerable, in not having a Sloop for that
purpose. I'm still in the notion of setting out for London.
I wish youd purchase me a protection & send it by the first
oppty, Either Sea or Land which you think safest. I houp ere
now my friend Mr Reid is Ready to sett out, & I houp you have
sent by him a few hops sugar & flour.

I intend to have a comoning with such as are concerned in
the Pleadger. She must be Chapt off, I cant think of bestow-
ing more of my time in her, He content myself with a less Vessel
& fewer owners, if possible, & I believe will turn out more to
my own & others Satisfaction. Never was such times in this
poor Corner of the World, as now. The little peny money
thats spent amongst us by the Military hardly keeps us in
Peats & Fish. You'l not forget Sugar & hops. Both are at
very high price. May God grant us a happy & blyth meetting
I am my Dr Sr,

Yours

Hugh Inglis.

From Andrew Fletcher, Lord Milton, to the President, dated from Edin-
burgh, 2ist January 1746.

My Lord.

I sent yesterday an express to prevent your being too much
alarmed.

Friday our Generals at Falkirk with 12 Regiments foot, Ld.
Cobhams Dragoons and the 2 broken Regiments of Dragoons,
besides the Glasgow Regiment, and about 1000 from Argyll-
shire, including 3 Companys of Lord Loudouns, being informed
and seeing the Rebells march in 2 Columns by the South of the
Torwood Towards Dunpace, Drew out our Army before their

200 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

Camp which was on the North West of Falkirk, and perceiving
the Rebells marching on towards the high Ground, on the Muir
to the South of Falkirk our Army marched that way, the whole
Dragoons in the Van, ordered to take up the high ground, and
the Foot to follow join and support the Horse, A Dreadfull
Storm of rain and wind from the South, happened at this
instant, in the teeth of our Army, as they mounted up the hill,
bad Roads and uneaven Ground put our folks quite out of
Breath, when the Armys drew nigh their right was covered by
a Morass, and their left reached only to our Center. The Dra-
goons were ordered to begin the Charge and were well led on by
their Officers, received the fire, then reeled and many of them
fled, numbers of bye Standers running off with them, struck a
pannick, and people at some Distance observing such a Run,
concluded all gone, and scattered terror even to this Town.
But to proceed, so many of the Dragoons being fled, our left
Wing exposed gave way, without being I may say attacked, at
least most of them. The Rebells did not make use of this
Advantage by following in pursuite. Two Regiments on the
right ; Barrells commanded by Lt. Colonel Rich, and Legoniers
foot, by Lieut. Colonel Stanhope, both under command of
Brigadier Cholmondeley made a noble stand, firing in platoons,
and saving the fire of the front Rank, whereby they kept the
RebeLls at a distance, advanced on them and fired till the Rebells
thought proper to run off, up the Hill as fast as they came
down. General Huske had during this time rallied a great
body of Foot behind these Regiments, as Brigadier Mordent did
the Remainder of the Foot near Falkirk. The Highlanders
observing this retreated over the Hill leaving our Army in full
possession of the Field of Battle, and I am told by the Country
people that most of them fled two miles by different routes, a
pannick having taken them in their Turn. To return to our
Army, our artillery was early deserted by Captain Cunningham
of the Train, and the Horses employed in that, and every one
of the Army horses and all ran off at the first fire and route, and
no use was made of the Artillery. With difficulty horses were
got to carry off three of the 10 Cannon, another was by the
Grenadiers rolled to the Camp, but no Horses could be got to

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 201

bring it further. The rain continuing and our Arms being
thereby useless, The Provisions being carried off to Lithgow
to save the Army, our Generails were obliged to abandon what
Tents and Cannon, they could not get time to carry off, and
march to Lithgow which was done with order and met with no
disturbance. Our friend Sir Rob Munro is killed, the Story
current is that he was only wounded, and that after all was
over as his Brother was dressing his wounds he and his Brother
and a Servant were murdered by the Rebells, but I cannot
affirm that this is true. Our loss is not computed above 200,
the Rebells thrice that number, our greatest Loss is Reputation.
The Argyll men were not engaged, had orders to possess some
farm houses and cover the Camp, which they did. Our Army
returned thither the day after, as did that of the Rebells towards
Stirling. We are preparing for another March. I have my
own hopes that the Duke of Cumberland may Be here soon to
animate the Army. Excuse this, I believe true, though con-
fused account. My compliments to Lord Loudoun and all
friends I am

My dear Lord

Yours most sincerely

And. Fletcher.

Hawley's defeat cost him his command, a disgrace which he would
appear to have kept in mind after the Battle of Culloden. lie was suc-
ceeded almost immediately by the Duke of Cumberland.

The following are ostensible and private letters from Sir Alexander
MacDonald to the President, dated from Mugstot, 31st January 1746.

Address : For the Right Honourable

Duncan Forbes of Culloden Esquire
Lord President of the Session.

My Lord

The accounts of the Fight twixt General Hawley and the High-
landers are not so magnificent from our Neighbourhood as from
the City of Inverness. The People who left that Field to get
home dont talk of five thousands and a total Route on the con-
trary they own their own side lost a great many men, but they
are apish enough with having kept the Field &c I am glad to

CO

202 MORE GULLODEN PAPERS

hear the Laird is so well, a sight of Talisker will refresh him.
The House is no longer a Hospital even the young Toast has
got well, from being very like to tip off. [MacNeill of] Barray
has been for some weeks in Readiness to go Southward, Clan-
ranald who vouchsafed me a Letter lately, will not go even to
Torwood,

I salute Mr Forbes.

I am My Lord

Your most obedient humble Servant

Alexr. Macdonald.

Address :— For the President.

My Dear Lord,

The Bad weather which kept the Post from being here till two
oGlock this afternoon, kept me at home for some days past, I
am however quite strong again, and will be able for travelling
or so whenever this Fellow returns. Matters with regard to
the recoiling of the Highlanders have turned out in such a way,
that I think we- have no reason to expect to see them very soon,
their Business is forward if they can, and G. Hawley's Retreat
to Edinburgh, and so quick a one will detain them on the other
side the Forth for some time ; be this as it will I march with
the number I mentioned to you formerly whenever I have
orders from you, that are not confined to conjectures. I have
no men to bring but my own, as the Laird has already got away
all his men, that could be equipt in Clothing. He writes to
me to bring his men, and he does not know that tho' he has
Men, they are not men of War without Plaids etc., and this is
no Squib thrown at my good Companion as I am much in the
same Situation, however the Number I formerly mentioned is
ready at a call. I have little scruple in leaving this Island
whenever you judge it of general use, but I know it will be
used like Glenelg from which a deal of Cattle has been stolen,
as I from the beginning wanted to receive your Commands, lay
them on out of your positive Friendship, and I obey with the
same disposition. I go forthwith to Sleat and leave Kings-
borrow here to bring me up the Men of this Country on the

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 208

Smallest Notice. The idle Post's edition of Torwood has set
all the people agog. I shall be impatient till I see this fellow's
face again. I am as ever My Dear Lord much

Yours Alex. Macdonald.

Lady Margaret is in love with a man that lives 2 miles from
Inverness.

The following letter from the Newcastle Papers (British Museum)
was written from Mugstot by Sir Alexander MacDonald to Glanranald,
25th January 1746, and he was at great trouble to produce arguments
which would keep another MacDonald chief out of mischief, and in
respect of MacNeill of Barra, the letter is singularly disinterested. That
estate would, in tha event of MacNeill's forfeiture, have fallen to Sir
Alexander as superior.

Dr Clan

Notwithstanding that I hear from Time to time that you are
on the Wing Southwards I never will despair of you till you are
gone, neither will I till then cease to give you all the Informa-
tion I have. It is not new to you that the P. after penetrating
a little beyond Darby thought proper to wheel about in order to
return to Scotland, The Reasons of this Resolution were strong,
The Army under the D. of Cumberland was very near & much
more numerous, No french Succour was like to cast up, & no
Accession of Strength to. his Army from the Men of England.
Upon his turning Tail the Duke with his light horse & Grena-
deers mounted, pursued whatever he was able but (to the P.'s
honour who has not so good an Officer in his Army as himself)
cou'd not overtake, except once that the P's Rear & some of the
Duke's Men had a smart scuffle at a village called Clifden where
as all was acted by fireing the Highlanders suffr'd most. As
they were forced to make very long marches they dropt a great
many men, the Garison left at Carlile surrender'd at Discretion
to the Duke above three weeks ago, the Duke's Cavalry was
hourly expected at Edinr on Monday was a fortnight on which
day a Kinghorn boat sail'd from Lieth with dispatches for the
North, that Day the first Division of Wade's Army was march-
ing into Edinr under Lt. General Hawley, the Lieth & Edinr
Carts haveing gone to fetch in their Baggage, The P — was

204 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

then either at Hamilton or Glasgow with the De"bris of his Army
from which there has been (& no wonder) a very great Deser-
tion. By Mr. Me Allester's vessell in ten Days from Kintyre
I learn that the small Army at Perth consisting of 3000 march'd
out of that Place & met the P— near the Forth & that they
retur'n in a body to Perth. Whether they will make a Stand
there or get into the Highlands & disperse I know not. My
Opinion is that they will endeavour to keep in a body 'till they
see the fate of the Invasion which has been carrying on at Dun-
kirk Ostend & Calais, the Number of Troops that shou'd have
been embark'd in these Ports is 12,000 & should have sail'd the
5th of last month, the gros of them were to be put aboard of
Open Boats & to land in Kent Essex etc, there was no Account of
their being landed when the Kinghorn boat sail'd & it is dubious
if they can put to sea & very dangerous for them to land, for the
Government besides their strong guard of Men of War in the
Channel under Admiral Vernon have Arm'd above a hundred
small vessells Cutters Sloops etc., these have taken many empty
Ships & a number of Fish Boats & other small Craft going into
Dunkirk & Calais to take men on board & they peep frequently
into these Ports to see what is a doing. The People along the
Coasts of England are arming & looking out Sharpe & have
removed all eatables 20 miles from the Sea, The Army to
oppose their landing is more numerous than themselves. I do
not see the french can propose to get Masters of England with
so small a force & without that they now can do no Service to

the P at such a Distance from him, the Half of 12,000 wou'd

have had a strong effect in August last. I know not but the
Precipitat Retreat of the Highlanders from England may make
ffrance lay aside thoughts of invading & indeed the Invasion
wou'd now seem to no purpose if they don't land in Scotland,
nor do I know whether the Peace which the King of Prussia has
clapt up with the Queen of Hungary & King of Poland after
beating both their Armys near Dresden will make the ffrench
King shy to part with any of his Troops, you see this Peace
makes him 70000 enemys more this year in fflanders & on the
Rhino.

MORE GULLODEN PAPERS 205

[MacNeill of] Barray has done all he cou'd to make me a
Present of his Estate tho' I never coveted it; there is no man
but knows that Arms and money were landed with him & the
Government People know that he took a part of both, his Re-
views &. Weaponshawmgs are no Secret to them & he need not
expect to escape a Tryal; if he is attainted it will not be in my
Power to give his Estate to his Son as I know the Government
don't suffer to shew any favours in that way without resenting
it; it is pitiful to see the poor Gentleman imposed on by a very
underling Ambassador who is happy if he gets a Company of
Foot when he returns as the reward of his Zeal in ruining
Barray. There is but one way left to save him & that is that
he bring what Arms he got directly to me, this I am afraid
he'll not do & yet his people will soon be forced to give them up.
As the Government looks on me as their zealous friend this thing
if immediatly done wou'd give me a Pretext of keeping Barray
free of any Molestation, if it is delay 'd it will not signifie to do
it Months hence when it must be done. Wou'd it not be Charit-
able in you to make him meet you at [Macdonald of] Boistil's
& both of you to give him your best Advice you see I wou'd
gladly not gain by his ffolly. I hope in God you and your
Uist men have kept your fingers clean of that Barray Cargo—
you see the P— - lost if a miracle does not interpose & for any
man to lose himself now & without a blow wou'd be a miserable
Circumstance. I forgot to tell you that the Kinghorn Boat
brought an Order for laying an Embargo on any ships in the
North of Scotland outward bound with Beef Pork or any other
eatables & this in order that the Army coming North in pursuit
of the Highlanders may be the better subsisted. Hay of Ranas,
[Gordon of] Glastirim & some other Gentlemen have gone to
their Homes from the Prince but whether to reclaim the men of
D. Gordon's Countrey who have all deserted I can't tell. There
is a Report that Clunie MacPherson, [Macdonald of] Lochgarie
& [Macdonald of] Ardnabie were killed at Clifden, but this is
not certain. The 6000 Hessians which were embark'd at Wil-
liamstat & destined for Scotland were not landed when the Boat
sail'd from Leith. If t have not the Pleasure of hearing from

206 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

you I shall fancy you dead or that I have lost a friend. I am
with real friendship & Esteem my Dr. Clan

Your Affectionat Gousen & most humble servant

Alexr Macdonald

P.S. Lose no time if you have any Kindness for Barray in see-
ing him & if he loves himself he'll be allert. [Macdonald of]
Lairgie is still at Home.

In expectation of the arrival of cash and 1000 stand of arms, Lord
Loudoun and the President informed Hawley on 26th January that they
had " sent messengers into the Highlands, to have in readiness as many
of the well affected Clans as we shall be able to arm and subsist when
the vessell arrives. With these we propose to secure Inverness ; and
with the Troops now on foot, to march whithersoever the service may
require ... we cannot think of altering our present disposition
untill the arrivall of the arms expected put us in a condition to augment
our force, & until we receive further directions from you . . .
(" Culloden Papers," DXXIX.).

From James Morison to the President, dated from Aberdeen, 6th
February 1746.
My Lord

It being certain that the Highland Camp Broak up and Marchd
Northward from Stirling on Saturday last [1st February] upon
hearing of the Duck's Moving to give them Battle, I have taken
this opportunity to let you know that many of the Gentlemen
have returned here, and give out that the Bulk of their Forces
are to push forward to Inverness and attack Lord Loudoun,
and then raise as many more of the Clans as possible, that
L[ord] P|itslig]o, L[ord] G[eorge] M[urra]y, & L[ord]
0[gilvie] are coming this way with about 2000 Men. Its wisht
Lord Loudoun may be on his Guard. Friends think that his
coming this way would be safest, but your Lop : and he will
best judge of that, I know an express was sent off yesterday
informing of this, but lest any accident should have happened
I thought best to send another and
I remain

My Lord Your Lop's Faithful
& very humble Servant

James Morison, Junr,

MORE CULLODEN PAPERS 207

From John Urquhart of Cromarty and Craigston to the President, dated
from Gromarty, 6th February 1746.

My Lord

I cannot express how much I am obliged to your Lop. for your
Good Advice and the trouble you took to write me so long a
Letter, as I had the honour to receive yesterday from you. I
thought everything had continued quiet in Aberdeenshire and
I heard nothing of any Ships Arrival at Peterhead, wh. I can
scarce believe to be Spanish, tho' the Biscayners doe Sometimes
sail as far Northwar'd. It is great happiness to live just now
in a quiet Country, and tho' I have Business of some Conse-
quence to me at Craigston, I will continue here until I hear of
something decisive happening, and that quietness be reestab-
lished in Aberdeenshire, where I only meant to stay ten days
or a fortnight. It will be a new mark of your Lops friendship
if you will acquaint the Bearer Mr. Logie (for I would not have
your Lop. take the trouble to write me yourself) when you think
it may be fit for me to go, and do my Business in that Country,
and he will drop me a line from Inverness. When it pleases
God that our country is quite settled, and your conveniency per-
mitts Mrs Urquhart and I will be exceeding glad to have the
honour to see your Lop. in our House, in the meantime and
always, I have that of being with the greatest esteem and
respect.

My Lord

Your Lordships most obliged & most
obedient humble Servant

John Urquhart.

From Ludovick Grant, younger of Grant, to the Earl of Loudoun, dated
from Castle Grant, 6 in tbe Morning. Feb. 10th 1746.

My Lord,

The enclosed was writt last night and designed to have sent
James Grant my Chamberlain of Strathspey with it, but the
Rebells are soe near me that I cant spare so useful a person
from this place. I am preparing for my defence the best I can
and shall always be ready to exert myself, There has no further
intelligence, than what i? enclosed, come this morning.

208 MORE CULLODEN PAPERS

All here join in Compliments to your Lordship the Lord Presi-
dent and all Friends with you.
I ever am with truth

My dear Lord
Your most faithfull & obedt. Humble Servant

Lud. Grant.

P.S. Mr Grant of Elchies who is Collector of the Cess of
Murray came here yesterday morning with his Men he has with
him £142 10s sterling of the Cess of Murray, to give your Lop.
he will send it to Forres if your Lop. will please send a receipt
for it and ane order to some person to receive it.
The enclosure is missing.

On 17th February 1746, the President transferred to Lord Loudoun the
sum of £633 8s stg., to be applied to the payment of the troops, and for
which Lord Loudoun was to account to the President. (Mackenzie Deeds,
Register House).

From the Earl of Sutherland to the Lord President, dated from Dun-
robin, 8th Feb. 1746.

My Lord

Your Lops letter by the Bearer Alexander Fraser of the thirty
first January I received the 7th Current, and this will be
delivered you by James Anderson, to whom I have given Com-
mission to talk to your Lop, about several things if your time
will allow. I shall not trouble you farther by writing than to
add that I shall have the two hundred men your Lop. wants
ready against the time they shall be called for, for wh. purpose
I gave immediate orders on receipt of your Lops, to have them
ready at an hour's warning and for the greater expedition told
them, I shall go with them myself and not ly sleeping at home
when our King, Religion and everything is at Stake, for all what
my Enemies may have told to others I will bring the above
number that I believe the like of will not be seen at Inverness,
and if more had been called for would not have drained the
Country. For it would have been easier for me to have brought
out 800 than to have sent out 100. I am My Lord

Your Lops most obedt. Humble Servant

Sutherland.

P.S. I send your Lop. enclosed a paper [missing] wh. I hope
your Lop. will think of.

CORRECTIONS TO THE ORIGINAL
"CULLODEN PAPERS"

(FEBRUARY 1744 TO FEBRUARY 1746).

CORRECTIONS TO THE ORIGINAL " CULLODEN

PAPERS "
FEBRUARY 1744 TO FEBRUARY 1746.

(CGXLV TO CCCXIII AND ADDENDA CGGXGIX TO DXXIX.)

CGXLVII.— CCXLIX.— Not found.

CCLIII.— Not found.

GGLV.— The date is 24th August 1745.

CGLVI. — Line 29, after "every way" insert : — I have been so very ill since
I wrote to your Lop yesterday that I can hardly sit stand or
speak, occasioned by three small boyls that are come out on my
body that torment me to the highest degree. I never knew what
pain was before. I have sent in for plaisters to Doctor Menzies
of the same kind that Doctor Fraser ordered for the other that
I had on my shoulder which is near well. This pain join'd
with that in my legs keeps me from rest so that really my dear
Lord life is both uneasy and burdensome to me, and I shoud not
regrate to leave the world tomorrow, provideing I left my child-
ren and friends well but whether I be sick or in health I shall
etc."
Line 4 of P.S., for "Abertaif," read "Abertarf."

CCLVIL— CCLIX.— Not found.

CGLX. — Page 215, line 26, after "Gortuleg" insert :— and I send your Lop
a copy of his letter inclosed.

CGLXV.— Not found.

CGLXVIII. — There is a postscript : — This moment I learn by an express
from the Lyon that Glenbucket who gave it out that he was to
way lay & disarm your friend Culcairn and his Monros thought
fit on his approach to Banff to leave the town with 170 men
which was all David Tulloch & he had there between them.

CGLXXI. — Page 225, line 32, transfer "how soon his reign commences"
to after "Island," line 33.

CGLXXII. — There is a postscript : — N.B. were it not that Potosi affairs
require my attention I would accompany Ld. Loudoun and be

212

a Bonus Genius about you in this critical juncture, which is the
part I now act here to the Mayor, who unluckily for the toun &
his Majesty's service goes out of office today succeeded by a man
of no education, a mere tradesman, attacht to Mr Blacker's
party in opposition to Mr Ridley's.

CGLXXIIL— Not found.
CCLXXXL— Not found.

CGLXXXII.— Page 234, line 3, for "yours" read "ours." They has been
partly erased.

CGLXXXIII.— Not found.
CCLXXXVII.— Not found.
CCLXXXIX.— Not found.
CCXCIIL, GGXGIV.— Not found.
CCXCVL— Not found.

CCXGVIII. — Though the copy is in the President's handwriting1, the
letter is from Lord Loudoun.

CCXGIX. — This also is in the President's handwriting. Line 6 of post-
script, for "my Lord's" read "Macleod's."

CCG.— In the President's handwriting, but certainly from Lord Loudoun.

CGGIL— Not found.

CCCIII— The date is 1st December.

CCGVL— Page 262, line 23, for the asterisks read "Avas's [Alves1].

CGCVIL— Line 2, transfer from "The enclosed Packets" to "May be
opened" (line 6), to after the postcript. Page 264, line 6, for
"class" read "close."

CGGXGIX. — After postscript add : — I hope your Lordship will be pleased

with the enclosed order.
CGGIV.— Not found.
CGGGVI.— Not found.
CGGGVII. — Not found, except the postscript which appears with

CCGGXII., and should be transferred to CGCCVII.
CCGGIX. — Line 5, for "guide" read "guard."
CGGGXI.— The date is 20th September.

213

CGCCXIL— The date is 20th September, and the postscript [20th August]
belongs to CCCCVII.

CGCGXIV.— Not found.

CCCGXV.— Last line of page 383 delete "ill."

CCCCXVI.— Dated from Inverness. A postscript reads :— I have ordered
this Inverness Post who conveys this to be escorted by a party
of Cluny's Highlanders from Ruthven to Blair.

CCGGXVIL— Not found.

CGGGXXI., GGGGXXII.— Not found.

CCGGXXIV.— Line 9, for "compress'd" read "compass'd."

CGCGXXV.— Line 16, for "and" read "as."

CCCGXXX.— Not found.

CCCGXXXIV.— Page 398, line 9, for "Macglash" read "Macglashan."

CCCCXXXV., GGGGXXXVL— Not found.

CGCCXXX VII. —First line of second paragraph, for "into" read "out of."

CGCGXXXVIII.— Not found.

CGCGXLIL— Title, for "Advocate" read "President." Letter not found.

CCCCXLIIL— GCGGXLV.— Not found.

CCCCXLVIL— Not found.

CCGGLIL— Line 7, the word where the asterisks are shown appears to
be "Auldcholicam."

CGGGLVI.— There are two identical letters, both signed. A postscript
reads : — I have this moment your Lordship's of the 20th of Sep-
tember, and I hope what I have wrote above answers every part
of it fully.

CCCGLVIL, CCCCLVIII.— Not found.

CCCGLIX. — Line 5, read "other wise and well^affected chieftains." Line
26, for "when" read "where."

CGGGLX.— Not found.

CCGGLXI. — This letter is printed in full in thn text, with the missing
portion added.

CGCCLXII.— Not found.

214

GGGGLXVI. — Line 12, for "ready toward twenty hours," read "ready
four and twenty hours." For "Blaan" read "Braan."

CGGGLXVIII.— Line 8, for "Sterart" read ""Stewart." Line 24, for
"from Lochiel" read "with Lochiel." At end of letter after
word "stir" insert : — I asked him severall other particulars.
Largie and Lamon are both at home, tho he seems to think their
tenants are gone.

CGGGGLXIX.— Not found.

CCGGCLXXI. — This letter is given in full in the text with the missing
portion added.

CCCGLXXIII. — Line 7 from bottom of page 427, where asterisks occur
read "Sheugly."

CGCGXXVII.— Not found.

GCGCLXXIX.— Not found.

CGGCLXXXL— Not found.

CGGGLXXXIV.— Not found.

CCCGLXXXV.— Not found, but the letter is from Lord Loudoun.

GCCGLXXXVL— Line 21, for "Balmanach" read "Balmeanach." Page

439, line 10, where the blank occurs read "Lo[ch]ness." Line

13, read "Gaberfey."

CCCCLXXXVIL— Not found.

CGGGLXXXIX., CCGGXC.— Not found.

CCGGXCIL— GGGCXCIV.— Not found.

GCGCXCVL— CCCCXCVIIL— Not found.

CGCGXCIX.— The date is 1745.

DL— DV.— Not found.

DVII.—D VIII. —Not found.

DIX.— Line 14, for "when McLeod's" read "where McLeod's." Page

454, line 4, for "hired" read "levied."
DXL— DXIII.— Not found.
DXVL— Not found.

DXVIL— Headed :— Gopie ostensible letter to Macleod.
DXIX.— DXXL— Not found.
DXXVIII.— DXXIX.— Not found

INDEX.

Aberchalder (1745), 35, 42, 51.

Aberdeen, Countess of (1745), at Fyvie, 27.

,, town (1745), alarm at expected invasion by
rebels, 29-30; oppressions of the rebels, 74,
165, 168 ; Highlanders' violence to magis-
trates, 138-139; Town Council, election
difficulties caused toy rebellion, 139-141 ;
loyalty commended by Duncan Forbes, 142;
ship lands arms for Pretender, 142 ; proposed
relief for, 'by independent companies, 163,
165 ; rebels at, numbers, 166 ; prisoners from
Inverurie at, 172-173; (1746), oppression
by rebels, 180-181 ; rebels at, numbers, 180,
183, 192; protection against rebels, asked',
181 ; troops proposed for, 186 ; references
(1745), 129, 162.
Aird (1745), 108.
Airly, Lord, numbers provided to rebel army (1745),

54.

Allan, Robert, magistrate of Elgin (1745), 62, 144.
Anderson, James (1745), 125, 128, 149; (1746), 208.
Angus, oppressions by rebels (1745), 165.
Anstruther, Lieut. -General, serving under Ld.

Ligonier (1745), 146.
Ardersier [Campbell] (1745), 102.
Ardnagrask (1745), 135.
Ardnamurchan, Point of, 12-14.
Ardsheal (Ardshell) (1745), commanding Stewarts in

rebel army, 36, 101.

Argyll, Archibald, 3rd Duke of, letter from N.
Macleod, 52; (1745), departure for south on
outbreak of rising, IX. intro., 20; at Edin-
burgh, 23; (1746), opinkm of Macleod, 11.
Arisaig (1745), 155.

Arniston, Robert Dundas, Lord (1746), 190.
Assint (1745), recruiting for Pretender by Barisdale,
91, 96, 109, 111, 119, 150; recruiting by Lord
Macleod, 117, 126; independent company
from, 129, 157, 171 ; appeal for arms to resist"
Barisdale, 150; reference, 89.

Atholl, James, 3rd Duke of, letter from Duncan
Forbes (1745), 22; letters to Duncan Forbes
(1745), 21, 22, 23; (1745), position in re-
gard to rebellion, 20; called on to arm fol-
lowers against rebels, 31 ; visited by Glen-
garry, 39 ; house at Blair used by Pretender,
48.

,, titular Duke of, see Tullibardine, William,
Marquess of,

216 INDEX.

Badenoch (1745), campaign in, 40, 42, 51; terrorised
by rebels, 41 ; recruiting by Cluny, 120 ; refer-
ences (1745), 78; (1746), 192.
Baillie, William, ensign in independent company

(1745), 130.

,, William, of Ardmore, letter from Duncan
Forbes (1745), 112; letters to Duncan
Forbes (1745), 96, 110; (1745), views
on young Pitcalnie, 133 ; work to raise
independent company, 103, 136; refer-
ences (1745), 131, 132; (1746), 177.
Balmerino, Arthur, 6th Lord, successor appointed

(1746), 191.

Balnagowan (1745), 110, 111, 131, 133.
Banff (1745), Macleod's expedition at, 157, 161, 166;

reference, 129.
Barber, Mr, 121.

Barisdale, see Macdonald, Coll, of Barisdale.
Barra (1745), arms for Pretender collected at, 155,

178, 205.

Barrell's regiment (1746), 200.
Beaton, Evan, Donnerich (1746), 179.
Beaufort (1745), Macleod's first visit to Lovat, 69,
70; meeting of the chiefs, Macleod's second
visit, VII. intro., 80, 81-85; Lord Macleod's
muster at, 118; Lord Loudoun at, 156; see
also Castle Dounie.

Beldornie [Gordon], brother of (1745), 68.
Bernera (1745), 30.
Bisset, Com. (1745), 48,
Bladen, Col. Martin (1745), 45.
Blair (1745), rebel army at, 48, 50; references, 22, 23.
Brahan (1745), 109.

Blank commissions (1745), principle of distribution,
XI. intro. ; disposal by Duncan Forbes, 55-70 ;
see also Independent companies.
Breadalbane (Brodalben) (1745), 21.
Brechin (1745), 143.
Brest (1745), 86.
Brodie, Miss (1746), 174.
,, Mrs (1746), 174.

,, Alexander, of Brodie, Lyon King-a,t-Arm*
(1745), letters from and to D. Forbes, 26;
letter from Ludovick Grant, 28.
,, Barbara (afterwards Mackenzie), see Mac-
kenzie, Barbara.
,, David, of Pitgaveny, 121.
„ Gilbert, 121.

district (1745), 159.
Brollum, John (1746), 183.
Buchan (1745), 27.
Budzet (1745), 43.

Caber and Caberfey, see Seaforth, Earl of.
Cadiz (1745), 25, 27.

INDEX. 217

Caithness (1745), land-tax, collection ordered by

rebels, 143,
Calais (1746), 204.
"Caledonian Mercury" (1745), 88.
Cameron, Lieut.-Coi., brother of Lochiel (1745), de-
feated at Ruthven, 46-47.

,, Evan, of Lochiel (1741-1744), pledge of aid
to Pretender, 5, 6, 7 ; (1745), Lord .Pre-
sident's opinion of, X. intro. ; joins
rising, 17 22, 25 ; Lovat's opinion of, 32 ;
at Fort-Augustus, 35 ; numbers supplied
to rebel axniy by, 36 ; guards Pretender,
43.

„ Clan (1745), join rising, 21, 27; (1746), de-
serting Pretender, 192.
Campbell, Dr (1745), 43.

„ of Glenlyon (1745), commanding Gten-

orchie's men, 54,
, Alexander (1745), letter to Sir John Cope,

19.

,, Alexander (1745), factor to E. of Seaforth,
88; captain in independent company, 118.
,, Alexander, of Delnies (1745), letter to Dun-
can Forbes, 43; meal offered for Cope's
army, 44.

„ Donald, of Assint (1745), 150.
„ John, of Cawdor (1745), 43.
,, John, of Ensay (1745), Lieut, in indepen-
dent company, 159; (1746), made bur-
gess of Forres, 177.
,, See Ardersier.

Carlisle (1745), taken by rebels, 146; (1746), sur-
render of Highlanders, 203.
Carroii (1746), 195.

Castle Dounie (1745), meetings of chiefs at, 89, 109;
Lovat captured at, 157; reference, 9; see also
Beaufort.

Castle Leod (1745), 144.
Caulfield, Major William (1745), letter to Duncan

Forbes, 18 ; asked to send news to Glasgow, 49.
Chambers, Regent (1745), 173.

Charles Edward, Prince (1745), appeal of personality
to Highlanders, IX. intro.; left Rome 1; land-
ing at Eriskay, 14; equipment at landing, Mac-
leod's statement, 24; declared Regent, 27;
companies of the Royal regiment surprised by,
31 ; pursues Sir John Cope, 35, 40, 42 ; standard
raised, 39; displeasure at defeat at Ruthven,
47; at Blair, 48; enters Edinburgh, 72; war.
rant for seizing Lord President, 103; retreat
from Derby, 203; (1740), march upon Inver-
ness, XII. 'intro. ; retreat from Stirling, 206.
Chester (1745), 93, 94.
Chisholm, The (1745), friendship with Lord President,

114; references, XII. intro., 75.
William, son of The Chisholm (1745), 114.

218 INDEX.

Cliisholru, Clan (1745), attitude to rising, 26, 70.
Cholmondley, Brigadier (1746), 200.
Church of Scotland, anti-Jacobite position, III. intro.
Glanranald, the elder, letter from Sir A. MacdonaJd
(1746), V. intro., 203 j (1745), attitude
towards rising, 38, 55; (1746), refusal
to join Pretender, 202.

,, the younger (1745), persuaded against
rising by Macleod, 11 ; assertions of
loyalty, 15 ; joins rising, 17 ; numbers
supplied to rebel army by, 36, 42 ; re-
cruiting iby, 155.
Clark, Mr (1745), 158.
Clayton, Mr, VI. intro.
Clerk of Penicuik, letter from member of family to

D. Forbes (1746), 190, 191.
Clerk, William (1745), 158.
Clifton, skirmish (1745), 203, 205.
Cluny, Evan Macpherson of, letters from Lovat (1745),
69, 88; Mackintosh of Mackintosh (1745),
77 ; (1745), views on proposed rising, 9; and
Sir John Cope, VII. intro., 25, 36; seized
by rebels, VII. intro., 41, 48: release from
rebel army, 69 ; charged with forcible re-
cruiting, VIII. intro., 72; joins rebels, 72,
120 ; raising clansmen, 77, 78 ; m vrch to aid
rebels delayed by Mackintosh, VII. intro.,
77 ; marches to join Pretender, 88 ; D.
Forbes' account of, 120; (1746), followers
desert Pretender, 192 ; reported death, 205 ;
reference (1745), 28.
Cobham's dragoons (1746), 188, 199.
Cockenzie, see Prestonpans, battle of.
Coigach (1745), recruiting for Pretender in, by Baris-
dale, 92, 96, 97, 109; desertion of Barisdale's
recruits, 111, 114.
Colbert, Colonel (1745), 174.

„ [Cuthbertl of Castlehill (1745), 174.
Contin (1745), 126.

Cope, Sir John, letteirs from Alexander Campbell
(1745), 19; D. Forbes (1745), 37, 52; Lord Keay
(1745), 49; letters to governor of Fort^George
(1745), 16; Duncan Forbes (1745), 30, 36, 4D,
48, 55, 56 ; generalship in campaign against Pre-
tender, IX, intro. ; advice to Government, 15, 16 ;
directions for troops, 18; at Tay Bridge, 23;
blamed for Cluny 's defection, VII. intro., 25;
at Stirling, 28 ; at Fort- Augustus, 29 ; at Trini-
fure, 31, 32; Lovat proposes to visit, 33, 34;
march north to Inverness, 35-40, 120; numbers
of army, 43, 45, 46 ; provisioning of troops, 44 ;
pursued to Inverness by re,bel army, 35, 40, 42;
at Inverness, 40, 45, 46 ; march from Inverness
to south, 47, 55; leaves Culloden, 48; lands at
Dunbar, 72; defeat at Prestonpans, 74, 191;
and independent companies, 98.

219

Carrie-arrack (1745),, IX. intro., 35, 40, 41, 42, 81.
Cowie, Barbara, see Mackintosh, Barbara.
Craigie, Robert, Lord Advocate, letter from E. of
Loudoun (1745), 78; letters to Duncan
Forbes (1745), 57, 70; (1746), Lord of Ses-
sion, 191.

Crieff (1745), 24, 54.

Crornartie, George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of (1745), dis-
loyalty to his chief, Vlll. intra. ; indepen-
dent company refused by, 69 ; followers
loyal, 70: professions of loyalty, 10U;
visit to Earl of Seaforth, 117 ; opinion of
D. Forbes upon, 118; intrigues among
Mackenzies, 118, 119; joins Pretender,
118, 119, 126, 154.
Culdares ([Menziesl (1745), recommended for com-

mission by Ld. Advocate, 58.
Cullen (1745), Earl FindJater at, 27; Sir J. Cope, at,

55; Macleods march to, 160, 161, 164.
Culloden House (1745), attack by rebels, 103-110, 112;

references, 152, 153.
Cumberland, William. Augustus, Duke of, commander-

in-chief (1746), 201.
Cunningham, Captain (1746), 200.
Cupar (1745), arms sought by rebels, 58.

Dalnacardich (1745), 28.

Dalwhinnie (1745), IX. intro., 42.

Dan, Mr, Alias of Cameron of Locheil, 7.

Davise, Rev. Archdeacon Michael, of Youghall (1745),

45.

Deskford, James Ogilvy, Lord (1745), in the North,
29; visit to Duncan Forbes, 67, 100; refer-
ences, 115, 116.
Dingwall (1745), 98.

Dornoch (1745) , independent companies 'to muster at,
49, 95; Presbytery's address to Earl of
Sutherland, 150, 151.
Drummond, George (1745), letter from Gen. Wight-

man, 72.

,, Lord John (1745), French troops under,

147, 166; (1746), reported capture of
Stirling, 175.
Duff, Alexander, 76.

,, Anne, see Mackintosh, Anne.
Duff, Robert, magistrate of Elgin (1745), 62, 144.
Duncan, a sailor (1745), 75.
Dundas, Robert, see Arniston.
Dundee (1745), arms sought by rebels, 58; newspapers

burnt, 165.

Dunedeon- (Gordon of), son of (1745), 68.
Dunkirk (1745), 3, 8; (1746), 204.
Duurobin (1754), independent companies sent to, 113,

134.

Dunvegan (1745), 8, 109.

Dutch troops to suppress rising (1745), 54, 93, 94.
Duthell, Easter, see Grant.

220 INDEX.

Edinburgh (1745), ferry boats at, 55; defence against
rebels, plans, 72, 73; conditions under
rebels, 75; castle revictuaiied, 140.

Elgin (1745), Sir J. Cope, at, 48; danger from lack
of arms, 62; protection against rebels asked
for, 62; land tax collection ordered by Pre-
tender, 143; levies for Pretender, 144; cam-
paign of independent companies*, 130, 158, 160,
166.

,, Magistrates of, letter from Duncan Forbes
(1745), 31; letters to Duncan Forbes (1745),
63, 143.

Eriskay (1745), Charles Edward'is landing, 14.

Erskine, Ebenezer, attitude to rising, 111. intro.

Easich (1745), 105.

Fala (1746), 191.

Falconer, John, of Nairn (1745), 44.

Falkirk (1746), results of battlei, XIII. intro.; cam-
paign at, 191, 202.

Farquharsoii, Anne, see Mackintosh, Anne.
,, John of Invercauld, 76.

Ferintosh (1745), 117, 123.

Ferrol (1745), 25, 27.

Fife (1745), oppressions by rebels, 165.

Findhorn, river (1745), 23.

Findlater and Seafield, James, Earl of (1745), letter
from John and Wm. Ogilvie, 44; remains in
the North, 27, 29; references (1745), 167;
(1756), 192.

Fletcher, Andrew, see Milton, Lord.

Fochabers (1745), 144, 165, 168.

Forbes, Captain (1745), 169.

„ of Echt (1745). visit to Aberdeen, 142; pri-
soner with rebels, 173.
Sir Arthur (1745), 169.
Duncan, third of Culloden, 131.
Duncan, 5th of Culloden, Lord President, let-
ters from D. of Atholl (1745), 21, 22, 23;
Wm. Baillie (1745), 96, 110; Alexander
Brodie (1745), 26; A. Campbell of Delmes
(1745), 43; W. Caulfield (1745), 18;
anonymous member erf Clerk family of Pem-
cuik (1746), 190; Sir John Cope (1745), 30,
36, 40, 48, 55, 56; Robert Craigie Ld Ad-
vocate, 57, 70; Elgin magistrates (174o), 62,
143; Andrew Fletcher, see below, Lord Mil-
ton Fraser of Gortuleg (1745), 3o; Lord
Glenorchy (1745), 148; D. of Gordon (1745),
144- Sir A. Grant of Monymusk (1746), 191;
Ludovick Grant (1745), 66, 116; John Hos-
sack (1745), 27; (1746), ™). &£*&?&
(1745), 146; Ld. Loudoun (1745), 56; Ld.
Lovat (1745 , 32, 81, 120, 145; Sir A Mac-
donald (1745 , 17, 63, 73, 88, 124, 125, 154;
(1746), 175, 182 201, 202; Mackenzie of
Fadrburn (1745), 122; John Mackenzie

INDEX. 221

(1741), VI. intro.; Hugh Macleod of Geanies
(1745), 158, 171; John Macleod of Raasay
(1745), 179; Norman Macleod (1740), V. in-
tro. (1745), 10, 12, 14, 24, 37-89, 51, 79, 82,
84, 87, 100, 102, 105, 123, 127. 159, 160.
166, 167, 169, 170, 172; (1746), 174, 175, 176,
183; anonymous friend of Macleod (174G>,
177; Lord Milton (1746), 199; Andrew
Mitchell (1745), 61, 110; J. Morison. Provost
of Aberdeen (1745), 29, 138, 140; (1746), 180,
206; Munro of Culcairn (1745), 99; D. of
Newcastle (1746), 189; Ld. Reay (1745), 66,
91; Ross of Pitcalriie (1745), 131, 135; Ross
of TarJogie (1745), 133; E. of Seaforth
(1745), 69, 75, 88, 93, 113, 117, 118, 126, 152,
153; (1746), 193; E. of Stair (1746), 184; E.
of Sutherland (1745), 64, 65, 95, 113, 125,
127, 149, 152: (1746), 208; Ld. Tweeddale
(1744), 1; (1745), 3, 4, 36, 55, 59, 71, 86;
John Urquhart (1745), 137; (1746), 207;
Gen. Wightman (1746), 189, 190; letters to
town of Aberdeen (1745), 140, 142; \Vm.
Baillie of Ardmore (1745), 112; Brodie of
Brodie (1745), 26; Sir John Cope (1745), 37,
52; magistrates of Elgin (1745), 31; William
Forbes (1746), 189; Ludovick Grant (1745),
100; Gen. Hawley (1746), 206; John Hos-
sack (1745), 1 ; Ld. Lovat (1745), 70, 83, 145;
Sir Alex. Macdonald (1746), 195; Normand
Macleod (1745), 40, 47, 79, 89, 107, 115, 161,
163; Andrew Mitchell (1745), 11; James
Morison (1745), 140; George Munro of Cul-
cairn (1745), 98, 102; Duke of Newcastle
(1745), 169; Mr Paton of Guise's Regiment
(1745), 19; Henry PeJham (1745), 13; Ld.
Reay (1745), 50, 92; Mrs Ross of Kmcleaco
(1745) , 4 ; (1746) , 175 ; Alex. Ross of Pitcalnie
131; Ross of Inverchasley (1745), 66, 95;
E. of Seaforth (1745), 123; (1746), 194;
Earl of Stair (1745), 70; (1746), 184;
E. of Sutherland (1745), 65, 94; Mar-
quess of Tweeddale (1744), 1; (1745), 15, 59,
90, 118, 129, 157, 166; (1744), makes enquiries
as to prospects of a rising, IV. intro., 1-2;
attitude to suspected Jacobites, IV. intro. ;
(1745), Pelhain warned against, III intro.;
not deceived by Lovat, IV. intro. ; position
at outbreak of Rising, IX., intro. ; description
of conditions in the Highlands, X.-XL, intro. ;
incredulity about rising, 1-2, 13 ; English
Jacobites' opinion of, 11-12, difficulties in rais-
ing money and arms for companies, appeals to
Government, X. intro., 11, 50, 59, 60, 72, 169,
184 ; influence in defeating rising, estimate,
X. intro. ; journey north on outbreak of re-
bellion, 15, 16, 17 ; blank commissions for loyal

222 INDEX.

clans entrusted to (1745), 55-58, 61; praise
of Norman Macleod, 59 ; Mitchell's estimate of
his services, 61 ; allotting of commissions to in-
dependent companies (1745), XI. intro., 62-70;
services to Crown acknowledged, 71 ; leniency
to common people urged by, 72; Mackintosh
clan restrained from rising by, 77-78;
Lovat, efforts to keep him out of rebellion, 80-
90; loyalty praised in London, 85; inde-
pendent companies, instructions for assembling,
etc., 90-103; warrant for arrest by rebels, 103;
estimate of attitude of various chiefs (Cro-
marty, Macleod, Macdonald of Sleat, Sea-
forth, D. of Gordon), 118-120; Lovat'e view
of, 120-121 ; independent companies,, note
on, 129 ; instructions for campaign of
Grant and Maoleod, 161-164; (1746),
appreciation by E. of Stair, 180; urged
to come to Edinburgh, 190; urged to organise
defence against retreating rebels, 192-194 ;
defence of Highlands against retreating
rebels, plans, 196-197; ononey for indepen-
dent companies, responsibility for, 208.

Forbes, Grizel, see Ross, Mrs Grizel.

,, Isobel (afterwards Mackintosh), see Mack-
intosh, Isobel (Forbes).

John, son of Lord President (1745), arrival
in Hound sloop, 156, 162; reference (1746),
193.

,, Margaret (afterwards Munro), see Munro,
Margaret.
William (1744), 2; (1746), 189.

Forres (1745), independent companies at, 158, 170-
171; (1746), Macleod, Normand, and others
made burgesses, 177.

Forsyth, Alexander, magistrate of Elgin (1745), 144

Fort- Augustus (1745), troops for, 19; Royal regiment
surprised, 31 ; rebel army at, 35 ; blockaded by
Fr>asers, 156; relief by Lord Loudoun, XI.
intro., 156; reference, IX. intro.

Fort-George (1745), London's regiment at, 16; rein-
forcements for, 19

Fort-William (1745), reinforcements for, 18, iy, I

Royal regiment surprised at,, 31; rebel camp
at,'42.

Forth (1745), crossed by rebels, 71.

Fortrose, Lord, see Seaforth, titular Earl of.

Fraser, Mrs of Achnagairn, letter to Rev. David ]

of Inverlochy, visit to Lord Lovat (1745), 70.

\JY J_/UHUiiii j \si ^.m.vymiu**!-,*' IT llrtw/!

Grizel (Mrs Patrick Nicolson), 2.

James, Bailie (1745), messenger to Duncan

Forbes from Lovat, 104.
James, of Castle Leathers (1745), 2,

INDEX. 223

Fraser, James, of Foyers (1745), letter to Duke of
Atholl, 80; meets Macleod at Beaufort, 80,
81 ; attack on Culloden House 103.
Jamie (1746), 183.

,, Simon, see Lovat, Lord, and Lovat, Master of.
,, Thomas, of Oortuleg, letter to Duncan Forbes
(1745), 35; (1745), correspondence with
Lovat, 34 ; at Beaufort with Lovat, 69 ;
hesitation about rising, 84 ; alleged attempt
to restrain Master of Lovat, 108 ; references.
32, 109.

,, Clan (1745), requested to supply auxiliaries,
31 ; arrangements to join rising, 80 ; delay
in rising, reasons, 88 ; attack on Duncan
Forbes, 110; join rising, 116; threat
to David Rose of Tarlogie, 133 ; blockade
Fort- Augustus, 156; guarantees of peacable
behaviour demanded, 157; (1746), disarm-
ing, Ld. Stair's view, 186; desertions from
Pretender, 192.

French invasion prospects (1746), 204.

French troops aiding Pretender (1745), 147, 166, 180.

Fyvie (1745), 27.

Gairdner, Colonel (1745), 71.

Gardner's dragoons (1745), defend Edinburgh, 73.
Garmouth (1745), 168.
Garviemore (1745), 35, 36, 40.

Glasgow (1745), request to Caulfield for news, 49; con-
tributions levied by rebels, 63; broad swords
stocked at, 102; (1746)',, Pretender at, 204.
Glasgow regiment (1746), 199.
Glenbuck (1745), 42.

Glenbucket, see Gordon, John, of Glenbucket.
Glencoe (1745), 36.

Qlenelg (1745), Macleod's spies in, 12; Pretender
landing near 14; terrorised by rebels, 37, 38;
desertions of Pretender's recruits from, 172;
(1746), inhabitants' appreciation of Normand
Macleod, 179.
Glenfinnon (1745), Standard set up <by Pretender, 24,

39.

Glengarry, see Maodonell, Alex., Angus, and John.
Glenorchy, Lord, letter to Duncan Forbes (1745), 148;
(1745), asked to raise men against rebels,
31 ; leaves Taymouth, 54.
Glenmoriston (1745), general rendezvous for rebels,

26, 36.

Glenstrafarar (1746), 189.
Gordon, Duchess of (1745), 27, 49.
„ Mrs (1746), 198.
„ of Glasterim (1746),, 205.
,, Gordon, of Gordonstoun (1746), brings news

to Macleod,

„ Adam, yr. of Ardoch (1745), lieut. of inde-
pendent company, 99, 164, 168.
„ Captain Alexander (1745), 143,

224 INDEX.

Gordon, Alexander, 2nd Duke of, letter from Lord
Tweeddale (1744) , 3 ; letter to Duncan
Forbes (1745), 144; (1744), neglect by
Government, 3; presence in the High-
lands advised by Tweeddale, 3; (1745),
loyalty questioned, 26 ; movements at
outbreak of rising, 27, 29 ; the President's
account erf, 119-120 ; crosses Spey with
independent companies, 160, 161 ; Mac-
leod to arrange secret correspondence,
164; inaction against rebels, XII. intro.,
165; Macleod's request to for boats, 168;
(1746), followers desert Pretender, 205.
„ Barbara (afterwards Brodie, afterwards Mac-
kenzie), see Mackenzie, Barbara.
„ Charles, Lord (1745), 145, 173.
,, Cosmo, 121.

Gilbert Bailie, letters from Hugh Inglis
(1745), III. intro., 146, 147; (1746), 198;
family connections, 121, 130.

,, John, (1745), lieutenant in independent com-
pany, 64, 65.

„ John, of Avochy (1746), 174.
,, John, of Glenbucket (1745), recruiting for

rebels, 48, 62; leaves Banff, 67.
,, Lewis, Lord (1745), with Pretender, 145; at
battle of Inverurie, 166; correspondence
with Macleod about prisoners, 172-173.
,, Marjory (Mackintosh), 121, 130.

Sir Robert (1745), 145.
,, see Beldornie.
,, see Dunedeer.
Grant, Mr (1746), 192.

„ Mr of "Caledonian Mercury" (1745), 88.
„ of Dalrachney (1745), 160.

of Elchies, collector of Cess of Murray (1746),

208.
„ of Glenmoriston (1745), 26. •

of Rothiemurchus (1745), 67, 100, 116, 160.
,, Sir Archibald, of Monymusk (1746), letter to

Duncan Forbes, 191.
,, Duncan, letter of (1745), 41.
„ James (1746), 207.
„ James,, of Dell (1745), 116.

Sir James, of Grant (1745) , goes south on out-
break of rising, 26, 27, 28.
„ James, of Sheugly (1745), 108.

Ludovick, yr. of Grant, letters from anony-
mous writer (1745), 67: Ld. President
(1745), 100; letters to Brodde (1745), 28;
(1746), 207; (1745) declaration of loyalty,
22 ; in command of clan, 28 ; Cope's expec-
tations from, 36 ; additional men offered for
Inverness, 115, 116; on Inverurie defeat,
167; (1746), preparations for defence
against retiring rebels, 207; see also
Grant's independent company.

INDEX. 225

Grant, Patrick, yr, of Rothiemurchus (1745), com-
mission in independent company, 67, 100.
,, Robert (son to Easter Duthell) (1745), recom-
mended for commission in independent
company, 67.

,, William,, yr, of DiUeohapple (1745), recom-
mended for commission in independent
company, 67.

,, Castle,, garrisoned, 28.
„ Clan (1745), 31, 70.

Grant's independent company (1745), offer of to
Ludovick Grant, 66; officers proposed, 67,
100; muster at Inverness, 115-116, 125, 129;
raising of sewnd company suggested, 125;
with Ld. Loudoun at Fort- Augustus, 156.
Guest, General (1745), 55.
Guise's regiment (1745), 19.

Gun, Alexander (1745), captain in independent com-
pany, 64, 65.

Haldane, Peter (1746), 191.

Hamilton, John, factor to D. of Gordon (1745), views
on rising, 68 ; insult to magistrates at Aber-
deen, 74, 138.

Hamilton (1746), Pretender at, 204.
Harrington, Lord (1746), 189.
Harris (1745), 39, 123; (1746), 179.
Hawley, Lieut.-General (1746), letter from Ld.
Loudoun and D. Forbes, 206 ; chief command in
Scotland, 186, 187, 188, 189 ; dejection at defeat,
191 ; campaign near Falkirk, 195-197 ; forces at
Falkirk, numbers, 196, 199; deprived of com-
mand, 201; arrival at Edinburgh, 203.
Hay, of Ranas (1746), 205.
"Hazard," sloop (1745), taken in Montrose harbour,

142.

Hessian troops (1746), 187, 188, 195, 205.
Home, Earl of (1746), 195.

Hooks., weaver to Lord President (1746), 104, 105.
Hossack, John, Provost of Inverness, letter from
Lord President (1744), 1; letters to Ld.
President (1745), 27; (1746), 189;
(1744), deputed to observe conditions in
the Highlands, 1-2; family connections,
121, 130.

„ Margaret (Mackintcash) , 121, 130.
"Hound," sloop, lands arms for Loudoun' s regt.

(1745), 156, 162.
Hume, Harry (1746), 191.
Huntly (1745), 165.
Huske, General (1746), 195, 200.

Independent companies (1745), liaising and appoint-
ment of officers, 55-70, 91-99, 102, 128, 149-156 ;
difficulties in raising, VIII. intro,, 63, 116, 133-
134, 137 ; pay arranged by Pelham, 71 ; Ld. Lou-

226 INDEX.

dpun in command,, 86; President's views of dis-
posal, XI. intro*., 90; conditions of service, 92,
94, 95, 99, 110-111 ; directions to, for relief of
Inverness, 102 ; assembling at Inverness, 110-117,
125, 129, 132, 153, 154; notes on, by Duncan
Forbes, 129 ; difficulties of getting arms for, X.
intro., 149, 155-156, 168, 169; relieve Fort-
Augustus, 156 ; campaign in east, under Macleod,
156-179 ; march eastward, conirse described,, 166 ;
defeat at Inverurie, XII. intro., 166-169,
180; desertions, 170, 171, 172; (1746), additions
to, for resistance to retreating rebels, XII.-XIII.
intro. ; numbers, 169, 174 ; desertions, 175 ; meal
for, difficulties of obtaining, 176; appeal to
Government for equipment, 184; equipment
arrangements, 185-186, 194 ; mustering for de-
fence against retreating rebels, X1I.-XLLI. intro.,
194, 196-197, 202, 206, 208; pay sent to Lord
Lcnidoun, 208.

Inglis, Hugh, captain of "Pledger," letters to Gilbert
Gordon (1745), 146-148; (1746), 198; references
(1745), IH. intro.; (1746), 130, 182.

Innes, Sir Harry (1745), assists Macleod in eastern
campaign, 160, 161, 168, 170; reference, 124.
,, John (1745), in poverty in London, 137.

Inverlaidnen (1745), 116.

Inverlochy (1745), 86.

Inverness (1745),, recruiting for French service in, 5;
Cope's army at, 40, 45, 46, 47 ; Treasurer pur-
chases meal for army, 44 ; defenceless condition,
55, 86, 102; independent companies assembled
at, 110-117, 125, 129, 132, 153, 154; land tax,
collection ordered by rebels, 143 ; coa.1 shortage,
147-148 ; (1746), fears of retreating Highlanders,
198-199; defence proposals, 206; attack on Ld.
Loudoun planned by rebels, 206 ; see also Fort-
George.

Inverness independent company (1745), raising by
Wm. Mackintosh, 129-130 ; campaign with Mac-
leod in the east,, 157, 165-166, 167, 174.

Inverurie, defeat of independent companies, under
Macleod, XII. intro., 166-167, 180.

Keith (1745), 160, 161.
„ Ball (1745), 166.

Keppoch, see Maodonell, Alexander,, of Keppoch.
Kers (1745), refusal to join Pretender, 97.
Kessock (1745), 98, 154.
Kintail (1745), 119.
Kintore, John, 3rd Earl (1745), hospitality offered to

Macleod, 166.
Kintyre (1745), 63.
Knoidart (1745), rising in, prevented, 51; deserters

return to, 155; references, 24, 36.
Kyle (1745), 155, 156.

INDEX. 227

Laggan (1745), 42, 43.

Lagganvane (1745), 35.

Laing, John, magistrate of Elgin (1745), 62, 144.

Lang, Andrew, injustice to reputation of Norman
Macleod and Sir A. Macdonald, IV. -V. intro.

Lauder, George, surgeon (1746>, 191.

Lee's regiment (1745), 54.

Leith, Lemrie (1745), 68.
,, town, 30.

Leslie, Hon. Charles (1745), letter to Duncan Forbes,
146.

Lethen (1745), 29.

Lewis, Isle of ,(1745), 152, 153.

Lichfield (1745), 146.

Ligonier, Sir John (1745), in command against Pre-
tender, 146.

Ligonier's regiment (1746), 200.

Linen manuacture, 4.

Linlithgow (1746), 191, 195, 201.

Lochaber (1745), 21, 26.

Lochbroom (1745), recruiting for Pretender by Baris-
dale, 96, 97, 109, 119 ; desertion of recruits, 111 ;
recruiting by Lord Macleod, 117, 126.

Lochcarron (1745), 119; (1746), 175.

Lochgarry, see Macdonell, Donald.

Lochiel, see Cameron., Evan, of Lochiel.

Lochness, (1745), 119

Logie, Mr (1746), 207.

Loudoun, John, 4th Earl of, letters from Ludovick
Grant (1746), 207; N. Macleod (1745), 165;
E. of Stair (1746), 185; letters to Rob. Craigie,
Lord Advocate (1761), 78; Duncan Forbes
(1745), 56; Ld. Lovat (1745), 90; Major Mac-
kenzie (1745), 16; Macleod (1745), 164; (1745),
appointment as commander-in-chief , XI. intro. ;
at Inverness to take up chief command, 86, 92,
93, 94, 98, 114; his forces, numbers and com-
position, 86, 147, 157 ; at CulLoden, 98 ; arranges
defence of Inverness, 102; and commission for
Patrick Grant, 100 ; with troops at Elgin, 130 ;
asked by Lovat for guaruantee of safety, 145;
relieves Fort- Augustus, 156 ; makes Lovat pri-
soner, 157; plans for MacleoxTs campaign, 157,
158, 163, 164-165; march delayed by Lovat's
position, 162>, 164 ; and pay of Grant's company,
164; (1746), arms and money sent to, 185, 208;
need of money, 193; at Inverness, expecting
attack, 206 ; references (1745), 41, 144, 155, 160,
161, 170, 174; (1746), 191.

Loudoun's regiment (1745), raising, XI. intro.; under
President's o>rders, 16; arms for, 16; at Inver-
ness, 48, 55; pay lacking, 60; officers in, 100,
120; (1746), part of, at battle of Falkirk, 199.

Lovat, Simon Fraser, Lord, letters from D.
Forbes (1745), 70'; 83, 145; LordLoudoun
(1745), 90; Norman MacLeod (1745), 25;

228 INDEX.

Marquess erf Tullebardine (Atholl) (1745), 81;
letters to Cluny (1745), 69, 88; Duncan Forbes
(1745), 32, 81, 120i, 145; (1740), wish for Pre-
sident's friendship, V. dntro. ; (1741), pledge of
aid to Pretender, 5 ; influence in returning Mac-
leod to Parliament, III, intro. ; (1745), views on
proposed rebellion, 9 ; dines with Duncan Forbes,
17, 80; declarations erf loyalty, 22,, 32-33, 34, 81,
82 ; request for arms, 34 ; independent company
refused, 69-70; relations with Macleod, 69-70,
80-85, 87-90; followers loyal, 70; vacillation
about rising, 80, 83; attitude to loyal
chiefs, 82 ; blames son for joining Pretender, 89 ;
attack on Culloden House, VII. intro., 104,
105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 124 ; authority over dan,
145 ; imprisonment and escape at Inverness, XI.
intro., 157 ; uncertainty of his position, 162, 164;
(1746), Lord Stair's view of, 186; in hiding,
189; references (1745), 51, 129, 154, 156, 159.

Lovat, Simon Fraser, Master of (1745), blamed for
rising of Frasers, 89 ; raising of Fraser clan for
Pretender, 105, 108-109.

Lyon, Lord, see Brodie, Alexander, of Brodie.

Mo ie, Major (1745), 170.

McAllester, Mr (1746), 204.

McAskill, John, Iludh 'an Dunain (1745), ensign in

independent company, 159, 177.

Maoaulay, Donald (1745), lieut. in independent com-
pany, 152,

Macculloch, of Glastulich (1745), 117.
MacDonald, Captain (1745), 125.
Lieut. (1745),, 155.

of Ardnabie (1746), reported death, 205.
of Kinlochinoidart (1745), with Lovat at

Beaufort, 89, 90.
of Lairgie (1746), 206.
Alexander, of Boisdale (Boistil) (1745),

9, 101; (1746), 205.
Alexander, of Kingsburgh (1745), 73;

(1746), 182, 198, 202.
Sir Alexander, of Sleat, letter from D.
Forbes (1746), 195; letters to Clan-
ranald (1746), 203; Duncan Forbes
(1745), 17, 63, 73, 88, 124, 125, 154;
(1746), 175, 182, 201, 202; Macleod
(1745), 63, 155; (1746), 183; (1740),
contemplated intrigue with Lpvat, V.,
VI. intro.; (1744), alleged willingness
to join rebellion, 8, 9; (1745), motives
for not rising, X. intro. ; Lang's charge
against, V. intro.; in Uist, 10; arms
requested, 11, 37; at Dunvegan, 13,
14, 15; influence of President upon,
12; pledges of loyalty, 14, 17-18; op-
poses rising, 22; forces at King's dis-

INDEX. 229

posal, 25; followers loyal, 27, 70; ob-
servations in Sleat,, 38, 39; services
in checking rebellion, 41, 119; at.
tempts to dissuade rebels, 51 ; lead from
awaited by other chiefs, 84, 87, 88 ; in
confidence of President and Macleod,
87 ; reluctance to leave home, 101, 114 ;
preparations to join loyal forces, 106 ;
(1746), further troops oifered, XII.
intro., 182, 202 ; called to assist against
retiring rebels, 194, 197-198; refer-
ences (1745), 146; (1746), 180; see
also, Macdonaild's independent com-
pany.

MacDonald, Allan, yr. of Kingsburgh (1745), lieu-
tenant in independent company, 63 ;
(1746), burgess of Forres, 177.

,, Lieut. Allan, of Knock (1746), 177.

,, Angus, of Sccrtus (1745), V. intro., 51-52.

,, Coll, of Barisda,le (1745), joins rebels, 42;

visits Lovat at Castle-dounie, 89 ; re-
cruiting for Pretender in Assint, etc.,
VIH. intro., 96-97, 109, 111, 112, 114,
119, 150; in Urquhart with Master of
Lovat, 108 ; connection with Mackenzie
of Fairburn 121.

„ Capt. Donald (1745), 11.

„ Ensign Donald (1746),, burgess of Forres,

177.

,, Donald, of Oastleton (1745), captain in

independent company, 160.

,, Hugh, of Baleshare (1746), money taken

to Sir A. Macdonald, 182, 183.

,, Ensign James, burgess of Forres (1746),

177.

„ Captain James, of Aird (1746), 177.

,, James, of Ardnifuiran (1745), 155.

,, John, of Kirkibost (1745), captain in in-

dependent company, 63; (1746), bur-
gess of Forres, 177.

,, Lady Margaret (1745), in Uist, 10; at

Dunvegan, 13 ; birth of her daughter,
154, 156; (1746), D. Forbes' opinion
of, 198; references (1745), VI. intro.,
74, 87, 101, 105, 114, 125; (1746), 203.

,, Ranald, of Clanranald, see Clanrana<ld

the elder and Clanranald the younger.

,, Clan (1745), 80, 173.

Macdonald's independent company (1745), officers, 63;

raising and additions to, 114 ; mustering arrange-
ments at Inverness, 125, 129; want of arms, 155-
156, 202 ; completion of, 169.
McDonell, Alexander, of Dalhoshnea, 22.
,, Alexander, of Drumcastel, 22.

,, Alexander, of Glengarry (young Glengarry)
(1745), 10,

230

McDonell, Alexander, of Keppooh, letter to McDonell
of Dalhoshnea and McDonell of Druin-
castal (1745), 22; (1745), raising clan
for Pretender, 21, 22, 27; numbers sup-
plied to rebel army, 36 ; followers' deser-
tions, 97; (1746), men return home, 192.
,, Col. Angus, Glengarry's 2nd son (1745),

8^ 108.

,, Donald, of Lochgarry (1745), disloyalty
apprehended, 23, 24 ; men with Charles
Edward, 27, 39 ; reported with rebels, 43 ;
(1746) reported death, 205; references
(1745), 21,22.

,, John, of Glengarry (1745), expected to
join rising, 17 ; at Dunkeld with Atholl's
forces, 24; numbers supplied to rebel
army, 36 ; visit to D. of Atholl, 39.
,, Clan (1745), recruited for Pretender by

Barisdale, 97 ; ioins rising, 116 ; threat ta
David Rose of Tarlogie, 133.
McDougal, of Lorn (1745), 42.
of Morar (1745), 42.
Macglashan, P (1745), 48.

Macgregor, Clan (1745), number with rebels, 54.
Mackay, Major (1745). 49, 51.

,, Mr, of Strathy (1745), recommended for

commission by Earl of Sutherland, 65.
,, Aeneas (1745), ensign in independent com-

pany, 91.

,, Capt. Alexander, son^of Ld. Reay (1745), ar-
rangements to join Cope, 50, 53, 55 ; pri-
soner at Prestonpans, 55. 92.
,, George, son of Ld. Reay (1745). lieutenant

in independent company, 66, 91, 92.
,, Hugh, yr. of Bighouse (174o>>. appointment

in independent company. 66. 91.
,, James, of Strath Skerray (1745). temporary

lieutenant in independent company. 91.
,, John, of Mudale (1745), ensiign in indepen-

dent company. 128.
,, William, vr. of Pitfure (1745),lieut. in in-

dependent company. 128.

Mackav's independnt corrmnnv (Lord Reav's) (1745>,
officers, 66, 91; difficulties in raising, 91-93:
arrival at Tnvern^s, 120, 125. 129: second
comnanv offered, 127, 169; with Ld. Loudoun
at Fort- Augustus, 156.

Mackenzie, Major. Loudoun's regiment, 16.
of Appileeross (1745). 87.
- . Ardloch's brother (1745), 117.
of Killcowie (1745), 172.

,, Sir Alexander, of Coul (1745), recommen-

ded for commission by Lord Advocate,
58 ; commission in independent company
refused, 117 ; departure of, 126,

INDEX. 231

Mackenzie, Alexander, of Davochmiluach (1745), 114,
118; (1746), 194.

„ Alexander, of Fail-burn (1745), letter to
Duncan Forbes, 122; information
brought to D. Forbes by, 54 ; recom-
mended for independent company, 69,
118; MacleoxTs opinion of, 101 ; visit to
Culloden, 109 ; refusal of independent
company, reasons, VIII. intro., 122-
123; Seaforth's attitude towards, 122,
123, 153 ; aids in catching deserters,
172; references, 76, 127.

,, Alexander, yr. of Lentran (1745), recom-

mended for lieutenancy in independent
company, 69.

,, Barbara, of Fairbum (Gordon, afterwards
Brodie, afterwards Mackenzie) (1745),
121.

„ Colin, factor to Lord Seaforth (1745),. 93,
123, 153.

„ Colin, minister of Fotherty (1745), 153.

,, Colin, brother to Redcastle (1745), recom-
mended as lieutenant for independent
company, 69.

,, Colin, of Hilton (1745), captain in inde-
pendent company, 118, 152.

„ John, of Ardloch (1745), 114.

,, John, of Delvine family-, letter to D. For-
bes (1741), VI. intro.; letter from N.
Macleod (1745), 77.

,, John, Lord Maoleoxl, see Macleod, John,
Lord.

„ John, of Torridon (1745), 126.

,, Kenneth (1745), ensign in independent
company, 152.

,, Kenneth in Aasint (1745), 150.

,, Kenneth, brother of Fairburn (1745), 121.

,, Kenneth, Earl of Seaforth, see Seaforth,
Kenneth Mackenzie, Earl of.

,, Roderick,, son of Fairburn, 121.

,, Roderick, of Redcastle (1745), commission
in independent company refused, 114,
117 ; aids in catching deserters, 172.

,, Sanders (Chamberlain) (1745), 123.

,, William, brother of Allangrange (1745),

ensign in independent company, 69, 118.

,, William, brother to Dundonald (1745) , en-
sign in independent company, 69, 118.

,, William, Kilcoy's brother (1745), joins
Pretender, 126.

„ Winwood, 121.

„ Clan (1745), difficulty of restraining them
from rising, VIII. imtro., 26; absent
from raising of Standard, 26; presi-
dent's appeal for men, 81 j arrange-

232 INDEX.

ments to join rising, 80; recruited for
Pretender by Barisdale, 92, 97 ; seduced
by E. of Cromartie, 118-119.

Mackenzie, independent companies, see Seaforth inde-
pendent companies.
Mackinnon ("old Mackinnon" of Skye) (1745), joins

Pretender, 37, 69.

,, Clan (1745), return home, 155.
Mackintosh, Lady (1745), 159.

,, Aeneas, of Mackintosh (the Mackintosh) ,

letter from titular D. of Atholl (1745),
78-79 ; letter to Chiny and explanation
(1745), 77-78; (1745), deception prac-
tised to delay rising of Macphersons,
VII. intro. ; influence of his Jacobite
wife, VIII. intro. ; at Grief, 21 ; at Cul-
loden, 48; followers loyal, 70; attitude
to rebellion, 76-80, 84, 106, 108; with
Sir John Cope, 84.
,, Anne (Duff), 76.

,, Ann ( Farquh arson ), "Colonel Anne",

activity on side of Pretender (1745), 70,
79-80.

Barbara (Cowie), 121.
Christian (Menzies), 76.
Isobel (Forbes), 130.
Ja,mes, of Termit, 121, 130.
John, of Lynwilg, 130.
Lachlan, chief of clan, 76.
Lachlan, of Borlum, 130.
Lachlan, of Daviot family (1745), 129.
Margaret, see Hossock, Margaret.
Mariory, wife of Bailie Wm. Mackintosh,

130. '

Mariory, see Gordon, Marjory.
William, of Borhim, 130.
William, of Daviot family, 76.
William, brother of James Mackintosh, of

Termit. 121, 130.

,, William, Bailie of Inverness, parentage,

130; (1745), independent company
raised by, 129-130 ; campaign with inde-
pendent companies, 157, 165-166, 167,
174 ; reference, 148.

,, Winwood, see Mackenzie, Winwood.

,, Clan (1745), quiet at Pretender's land-

ing 24 ; partial rising, 80.
Maclean, of Coll, pledge of loyalty, 17.
John (1746), 183.
Neil, of Edinbane (1746), 179.
,, Clan (1745), not joining rebellion, 42; inde-
pendent company suggested, 87, 101.
Macleod, Lady, V. intro.

„ Mrs, of Talisker (1745), 124

INDEX. 233

Macleod, Alexander, yr. of Balineanach (1745), mes-
senger of Macleod to Frasers, 87, 88, 89 ;
lieut. in independent company, 159 ;
(1746), burgess of Forres, 177.

„ Alexander ( PFosach) (1746), 179.

,, Alexander, of Ferrinslea (1746), 179.

,, Alexander, yr. of Muiravonside, attempts
against N. Macleod (1745), 106.

„ Alexander, of Ullinish (1746), 179.

,, Donald, of Bernera, Bailie of Harris, joins
Pretender (1745), 153.

,, Donald, of Bernisdale (1745), letter to N.
Macleod, 172; lieut. in independent com-
pany, 159.

„ Donald, of Lyndale (1746), 179.

„ Donald, of Meadale (1746), 179.

,, Donald, of Mill (1745), ensign in indepen-
dent company, 159.

,, Hugh, of Geanies (Genzies), letters to Dun-
can Forbes (1745), 158, 171; (1745), in
command of Assint company, 129, 167,
170; account of Inyerurie defeat, XII.
intro 171 ; difficulties with independent
company in Nairn, 158,, 171 ; threatened,
133.

„ John, of Bay (1746), 179.

,, John, yr. of Gesto (1745), ensign in inde-
pendent company, 177; (1746), burgess of
Forres, 177.

,, John, Captain, yr. of Macleod (1745), re-
ceives letter from Pretender, 6 ; reinforces
Inverness, 53, 55; at Culloden, 59; refer-
encesj, 39, 41.

,, John, Lord, son of E. of Gromartie (1745),
recommended for commission by led.
Advocate, 58 ; independent company re-
fused by, 69, 75, 94 ; visit to Castledounie,
109 ; recruiting for Pretender, 117 ; joins
P.retender, 118, 126.

,, John, of Osdale (1745), ensign in indepen-
dent company, 159.

,, John, younger, of Raasay, letter to Duncan
Forbes (1746), 179; (1745), independent
company suggested for, 87; (1746),
loyalty, 179, 183.

,, John, of Tallisker (1745), marriage, 17;
birth of a son, 106, 124; captain in inde-
pendent company, 159; references (1745),,
156, 167, 170, 174, 182; (1746), 202.

,, John, of Unish (1746), 179.

,, Normand, younger of Bernera, captain in
independent company (1745), 159.

,, Normand, of Macleod, Jetters from Duncan
Forbes (1745), 40, 47, 79, 89, 107, 115,
161, 163; Lord Lewis Gordon (1745), 173;
Sir A. Macdonald (1745), 63, 155; (1746),

234

183; E. of Loudoun (1745), 164; Donald
Macleod of Bernisdale (1745), 172;
George Ross (1745), 85; letters to Duke
of Argyll (1745), 52; to Duncan Forbes
(1740), V. intro.; (1745), 10, 12, 14, 24,
37-39,, 51, 79, 82, 84, 87, 100, 102, 105,
123, 127, 159, 160, 166, 167, 169, 170, 172;
(1746), 174, 175, 176, 183; letter to Ld.
Loudoun (1745),, 165) ; Lovat (1745), 25;
John Mackenzie of Delvine (1761), 77-
78; (1741), election to Parliament, III.
intro.; (1745), Pelhain warned against,
III. intro. ; treacherous pledges to Pre-
tender, charges examined ,IV.-VII.
intro., 5-10; motive for refusing to rise,
X. intro.; Nicolson, alias of, 2, 7; move-
ments in 1743-1745, 8-9 ; discussion of
proposed rebellion with Lovat, 9 ; news
of Prince's landing sent to President, 14 ;
pledges of loyalty, 14, 17-18 ; opposes ris-
ing, 22 ; arms requested and obtained,
10-11, 37, 38, 40, 41; forces at King's
disposal, 25; at Culloden House, 59;
first visit to Lord Lovat at Beaufort, 69-
70; followers loyal, 70; second visit to
Beaufort for meeting of chiefs, VII.
intro., 80, 81-85; misleads Lovat as
to rising, 83-85, 87, 88 ; visit to Sir Alex-
ander Macdonakl, 85 ; advised not to come
to London, 86; services in checking re-
bellion, President's view, 119; prevents
recruiting in Elgin, 157 ; campaign in the
east, 156-177 ; defeat at Inverurie,
166, 170, 180-181; (1746), burgess, of
Forres, 177 ; address from clan after de-
feat at Inverurie, XII. intro., 177-179;
references (1745), 146; (1746), 180; see
also Macleod' s independent company ;
Macleod, Normand [ PSummerdale] (1746>, 179.

,, Normand, of Waterstein (V'aterstyn.) (1745),
Captain in independent company, 159,
170; (1746), burgess of Forres, 177.

,, Robert, of Assint (1745), 150.
Rory, of Gesto (1746), 179.

,, William,, of Hammir (1746), signs address to
N>. Macleod, 179- references (1745),
156, 160.

,, Williann,, son of Hammir (1745), lieut. in in-
dependent coimpaaiy, 159; (1746), burge,ss
of Forres, 177.

„ Clan (1745), absent from raising of Stan-
dard, 26 ; pretended arrangements to join
rising, 80; refused to join Pretender, 97.
independent companies (J745), raising,
114, 115; mustering at Inverness, 124,

INDEX. 235

127, 129 ; arms lor, 102, 154 ; campaign in
the east, 156-179; officers, 159; lack of
ammunition, 168, 169; desertions from,
170, 171, 172.

MacNeill, of Barra (1745), promises to join rising, 155;

preparations to go south to Pretender,

178, 202 ; attempts of Sir Alexander Mac-

donald to protect him, 205.

Macpherson, Evan, of Cluny, see Cluny, Evan Mac-

pherson, of.
,, Mr John, deputy Barrack Master (1745),

18, 21, 23.

,, Clan, quiet at Prince's landing, 24.
McSuine, Charles, Bernisdade (1746), 179.
„ Dugald [Vatten] (1746), 179.
,, Suin, Roag (1746), 179.
Maitland, of Petrichie (1745), capture at Inverurie,

168, 73.
Marischal (Marisha.ll), George, 10th Earl (1745), to

command rebels, 54.
Martin (1745), 109.

„ Admiral (1745), 86.
„ Donald, of Beafloch (1746), 182.
Matheson, Capt. (1746), arms collected, in Uist by, 178.
Mathison, Kenneth (1745), lieut. in independent com-
pany, 129.

Maule, John (1745), 39.
Mearns (1746), 192.
Menzies, Sir Alexander, 76.

,, Christian, see Mackintosh, Christian,

see Culdares (Menzies) .

Milton, Andrew Fletcher., Lord, Justice Clerk (1746),
letter to Duncan Forbes, 199 ; Wightman's
hostility, 190.
Minginish (1746), 179.

Mitchell, Andrew, letter from D. of Argyll (1745), 11;
D. Forbes (1745), 11; letter to Duncan
Forbes (1745), 61, 110; ^1745), on English
view of Scotland, III. intro. ; arrangements
about blank commissions, 57 ; view of at-
tack on Culloden Hse., 110; reference, 136.
Moidart (1745), 19; (1746), 178.
Montrose (1745), arms landed for Pretender, 105, 112,
115, 142; troops landed for Pretender, 147.
Mordent, Brigadier (1746), 200.
More Kiel (1746), 175.

Morison, James, Provost of Aberdeen, letter from D.
Forbes (1745), 140; letters to Duncan
Forbes on events in Aberdeen (1745), 29,
138-142; (1746), 180,206.
Mugstot (1745), 11, 85.
Muir, Willy (1745), 38.

Mulloy, Sergt., Terence (1745), defence of Ruthven,
X. intro., 45-47.

236

Muiiro, George, of Culcairn, letters from D. For.bes
(1745), 98, 102; letter to Duncan Forbes
(1745), 99; (1745), Captain of independent
company, 99 ; visit to Rosses, for D. Forbes,
136, 137; cm Inverurie fight, 168; (1746),
advises negotation with Ld. Lewis Gordon,
172, 174 ; burgess of Forres, 177 ; reference
(1745), 96; see also Munro's independent
company.

,, George, of Newmore, 131.
„ Harry (1745), 158.

,, Hugh, yr., of Achanny (1754), ensign in inde-
pendent company, 99; (1746), burgess of
Forres, 177.

,, Jane, see Ross, Jane.
,, Margaret (Forbes), 131.
,, Sir Robert (1745), influence with clan, 134;

(1746), killed at Falkirk, 201.
,, Clan (1745), with Cope, 48; first to assist go-
vernment, reward recommended, 56-57, 62,
70; at Banff, 67.

Munro's independent company (1745), officers, 99;
raising at Nevvtown, 99 ; instructions and
praise from President, 102; mustering at In-
verness, 102, 109, 117, 125, 129; prompt rais-
ing, 102, 109, 120; at Elgin, 130; with
Loudoun at Fort-Augustus, 156; in cam-
paign of Macleod in the East, 157,
160, 101, 162, 164, 165-166, 167; desertions,
158, 171.

Murray, Lord George, (1745), 21, 54; (1746), 206.
,, John, of Broughton (1741-1744), on Macleods
supposed treachery, IV., V., initro., 6, 7, et
seq. ; (1745), signs warrent to arrest Dun-
can Forbes, 103 ; view of attempt on Cul-
loden Hse., 107 ; orders, collection of land
tax, 143.

„ Sir Patrick, 21.
Murray's Regiment (1745), marched to Stirling, 22.

Nairn (1745), Land tax, collection ordered, 143; in-

dependent companies at, 158, 171.
Newcastle, Duke of, letter from D. Forbes (1745), 169;
letter to Duncan Forbes (1746), 189;
(1746), XH. intro., 195.
,, papers, III. intro., 203.
,, town (1745), troops from Flanders landed,

113; embargo on Scottish vessels, 148.
Newtoun of Gnlenaknond, 21
Nicolson, Mrs Patrick, see Fraser, Grizel.
,, alias of Macleod of Macleod, 2, 7.
,, Donald, minister of Kilmuir, 2.
„ Patrick, minister of Kiltarlity, 2.

INDEX. 237

Ogilvie, Lord (1745), 58; (1746), 206.

„ John (1745), letter to Ld. Findlater, 44.

,, William (1745), letter to Lord Findlater, 44.
Oglethorpe, General (1745),, 65.
Old Meldrum (1745), 166.

Ormond, Duke of (1745), landing in England reported,
68.

Paton, Mr, of Gen. Guise's regiment, 19.

PeUiam, Henry, letter from Duncan Forbes (1745), 13 ;
(1745), warned against D. Forbes and his
friends, III. intro. ; promises repayment to
Duncan Forbes, 59, 71; (1746), appeal to, for
arms, 185.

Perth, James, Jacobite Duke of (1741), pledge to Pre-
tender, 5; (1745), joins rebels, 27, 58; com-
manding rebels at Grieff (1745), 54;
references, 10, 24.
„ town (1745), 30, 47, 163; (1746), 204.

Petorhead (1745), ship lands arms for Pretender, 142;
vessel attacked near, 147; (1746), money levied
for Pretender, 181 ; reported landing in aid of
rebels, 207.

Petrie, James (1746), collecting for Pretender at
Peter-head, 181.

Piteligo, Alexander, 4th Lord (1745), 75; (1746), 206.

"Pledger," vessel of Inverness (1745), 146; (1746),
198 199.

Prestonpans, battle of (1745), XIII. intro., 74.

Ranoc-h (1745), 21, 22, 42.
„ Loch (1745), 21.

Rattray, John, surgeon (1746), 191.

Reay, George, 3rd Lord, letters from Duncan Forbes
(1745), 50, 92; letters to Duncan Forbes (1745),
66, 91; Sir J. Cope (1745), 49; (1745), request
that his name as informant may be kept secret,
V. intro., loyalty, X. and,' XII. intro., 70; rein-
forcements promised' to Cope, 49; arms requested,
50; independent company offered to, 66; offers
second independent company, 127 ; see also
Mackay's independent company (Lord Reay's).

Rebel army (1745), numbers and composition in
August, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43 ; numbers in September,
45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 58 ; desertions, 97, 101 ; (1746),
numbers., 173, 175 ; retroat to north, prepara-
tions for meeting, XII. into., 193, 194, 196-197,
206 ; desertions, 192, 204.

Reid, Mr (1745), 148; (1746), 199.

Rich, Lt.-Col. (1746), 200.

Robertson of Woodsbeall (1745), 21.

,, Provost of Aberdeen (1745),, letter from

Duncan Forbes, 142.
,, William (1745), coerced by Cluny, 72.

Rogers, Capt. (1745), messenger from Cope to Ld.
Findlater, 44,

238

Rose, Andrew, 135.

„ David, of Tarlogie, 133.
„ William, Rev. (1745), 151.
Roseneath (1745), 23.
HOBS, Lord (1745), 135.

,, Alexander of Pitcalnie, letter from D. Forbes

(1745), 131; letters to Duncan Forbes (1745),

131, 135; family, 131.
„ Rev. David (1745), 103.
,, David, of Balnagowan, 131.
,, David, of Inverchasley, letters from D. Forbes

(1745), 66, 95; (1745), and young Pitcalnie,

113, 135 ; helps to raise independent company,

112, 136-137.

,, David, of Kindeaoe, 131.
„ David (Shandewick's brother) (1745), recom-

mended for commission in independent com-

pany, 66.
„ George, letter from D. Forbes (1745), 136;

letter to Normand Macleod (1745), 85;

(1746), reports available arms, 186.
,, Mrs Grizel of Kindeace (Forbes), letters from

D. Forbes (1744), 4; (1746), 175; marriage,

131.
,, Malcolm, younger, of Pitcalnie (1745), joins ris-

ing, 89/113, 131-137.
,, Jane (Munro), 131.
,, William, Master of (1745), independent com-

pany offered to, 66, 136-137 ; return from Lon-

don to north, importance, 134, 135, 146; ar-

rival in "Hound" sloop, 156, 162.
,, family, 131-137.

district (1745), land-tax, order for collection,

143.
,, independent company (1745), mustering ar-

rangements, 95, 98, 99, 103, 112; difficulties

in raising due ta young Pitcalnie, 133-134,

136-137; completion, 169.
Ruthven (1745), rebels repulsed at, 45-47.

"Saltash," sloop (1745), 109, 128, 147.

Scheviz, Robert (1745), 7.

Scott, Sir Walter, VII. intro.

Scobie, William, minister of Assint (1745), 143, 150.

Seaiforth, Kenneth Mackenzie, titular Earl of
(Lord Fortrose), letters from Duncan
Forbes (1745), 123; (1746), 194;
Jotters to Duncan Forbes (1745),
69, 75, 88, 93, 113, 117, 118, 126,
152, 153; (1746), 193; (1741), election to
Parliament, III. intro.; ^1745), Pelham
warned against, 111. intro. ; motives for
not rising, VIII. and X. intro. , declara-
tions of loyalty, 17, 22 ; two independent
companies offered to, 68 ; followers loyal,
70; discourages rising, 111; Duncan For-

INDEX. 239

bes' opinion of, 119; displeasure with
Mackenzie of Fairburn, 122, 123, 153;
(1746), defence plans for Highlands, XII.
intro., 193, 197; reference, 109.

Seaforth, independent companies (1745), two com-
panies offered to, 68 ; officers, 69,
117-118, 152; mustering, 113-114,
117, 125-126; delay in sending inde-
pendent companies to Inverness, 126, 152,
153 ; arrival at Inverness, 154 ; with Lou-
doun at Fort- Augustus, 156; completion,
169; (1746), proposed additions to for
defence against retiring rebels, 194.
Shaw, John (1745), 79, 106.
Sheridan, Sir Thomas (1745), at Eriskay, 14.
Skye (1745), additional independent companies raised

in, 114-115; (1746), defence plans, 194.
Sleat (1745), 38, 39; (1746), 182, 183.
"Speedwell," sloop (1746), 195.

Spey, River, crossing by Sir John Cope (.1745), 50, 53;
crossed by independent companies, 160, 161 ,
164.

Stair, John, 2nd Earl of, letters from D. Forbes (1745)r
70; (1746)", 184; letter to Duncan Forbes
(1746), 184; Lord Loudoun (1746), 185; (1745),
opinion on Cope's campaign, IX. intro. ; pro-
poses blank commissions, 55; (1746), suggestions
to Loudoun, 186 ; efforts to suppress rebellion
neglected, 188.

Stanhope, Lt.-Col. (1746), 200.
Stephen, James, magistrate of Elgin (1745), 62, 144.
Stewart, John Roy (1745), recruiting aibout Inverness,

53.

Stewart of Ardsheal, see Ardsheal.
Stewarts of Appin (1745), numbers in rebel army, 36;

guard Pretender, 43.
Stirling (1745), Cope's troops victualling at, 30;

(1746), attack by rebels, 188, 192.
,, Castle (1745), reported taken by rebels, 68;

(1746), invested by rebels, 195.
Stone, Major, VI. intro.
Stonehaven (1745), rebels at,, 75; arms and troops

landed for Pretender, 115, 142, 147.
Stnathbogie (1745), recruiting for Pretender in, 62;
independent companies at, 158, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166; rebels at, 168; (1746), rebels
at, 173, 175.
Strathdoun (1746), 192.

Stratherick (1745), 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 156 .
Strathern (1745), 41.
Strathnaver (1745), 125.
Strathspey (1745), expected rising, 26.
Sutherland, Lady (1745), VIII. intro.

,, Captain John, of Forss (1745), arrives at

Inverness, 55.

240 INDEX.

•Sutherland, Kenneth (1745), ensign in independent
company, 64, 65.

,, Patrick (brother of Kinminty) (1745),

captain of independent company, 65,
128.

„ William, 17th Earl of, letters from Dor-

noch Presbytery (1745), 151; D. Forbes
(1745), 65, 94; letters to Duncan For-
bes (1745), 64, 65, 95, 113, 125, 127,
149, 152; (1746), 208; (1745),, loyalty,
X. intro., 70; company offered to, 64;
Duncan Forbes' opinion of, 120 ; second
independent company raised by, 128 ;
appeal for arms, 149-150 ; petition from
people of Assint, 150; (1746), co-opera-
tion in defence against retiring rebels,
XII. intro., 208.

,, independent company (1745), officers, 64;

mustering and maintenance plans, 94-
95 ; want of arms, 113, 149 ; prompt rais-
ing, 117, 120; arrival at Inverness, 117,
125, 129 ; difficulty in raising, 134 ;
(1746), plans for use against retiring
rebels, XII. intro., 208.

,, district, land-tax collection ordered

(1745), 143.

Tain (1745), independent companies ordered to, 92,
95, 112, 136, 137.

Tay Bridge (1745), 23.

Thomson,, Mr, 121.

,, Mr, general supervisor of Elgin (1745), 144,

161, 162, 169.
,, John (1745), letter from Aberdeen, 75.

Tongue (1745), 93.

Torwood (1746), 199, 202.

Tournay, siege of, 5.

Traquaip, Lord (1745), negotiations with Pretender, 9.

Trinifure (1745), 32, 54.

Troops to resist Pretender, numbers (1745), 93, 94.

Troternish (1746), 175.

Tullibardine, William Murray, Marquess of, the titular
Duke of Atholl, letter from Fraser of Foyers
(1745), 80; letter to Aeneas Mackintosh (1745),
78-79; Lovat (1745), 81; (1745), lands with
Pretender, 14, 20, 25 ; at Blair, 72 ; urges Cluny
to join rebels, 72.

Tulloch, Mr (1745), preparations to join rising, 68;
depredations at Aberdeen, 74.

Tweeddale, John, 4th Marquess of, letters from Dun-
can Forbes (1744), 1; (1745), 15, 59, 90, 118,
129, 157, 166; letters to Duncan Forbes (1744),
1; (1745), 3, 4, 36, 55, 59, 71, 86; Duke of
Gordon, 3; (1745), opinion on Cope's campaign,

INDEX. 241

IX. intro. ; arms promised to D. Forbes, 50, 58;
praise of D. Forbes, 55; (1746), Secretaryship of
State for Scotland relinquished, XII. intra, 185,
189, 193.

Uist (1745), 38, 87, 42, 125; (1746), 177.

TJllinish, South (1745), 156.

TJrquhart, John, of Cromarty and Oraigston, letters

to Duncan Forbes (1745), 137; (1746),

207.
district (1745), 108, 116, 119.

Vaterstyn (Waterstein), see Macleod, Normand, of

Waterstein.
Vernon, Admiral (1746), 204.

Wade, Marshall (1745), in command against rebels,

40, 93, 94, 146.
Walpole, Sir Robert, 146.
Westhall (1745), horses stolen by rebels at, 68.
Whiteford, Colonel (1745), 55.
Wightman, General, letter to Geonge Drummond

(1745)., 72; Duncan Forbes (1746), 189, 190;

(1746), hostility to Lord Milton, 190; account

of Gen. Hawley, 191.

Wilkieson, - - (1746), negotiations for arms, 186.
Williamstat (1746), troops embarked for Scotland,

205.
Wins, Sir Wat. (1745), 97.

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